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Biomedical subjects

T Inoue

Publications and source records attributed to T Inoue.

At least 919 records · Page 51Linked to original sources
PubMed1998

Rupture mechanism of a thrombosed slow-growing giant aneurysm of the vertebral artery--case report.

A 76-year-old male developed left hemiparesis in July 1991. The diagnosis was thrombosed giant vertebral artery aneurysm. He showed progressive symptoms and signs of brainstem compression, but refused surgery and was followed up without treatment. He died of rupture of the aneurysm and underwent autopsy in March 1995. Histological examination of the aneurysm revealed fresh clot in the aneurysmal lumen, old thrombus surrounding the aneurysmal lumen, and more recent hemorrhage between the old thrombus and the inner aneurysmal wall. The most important histological feature was the many clefts containing fresh blood clots in the old thrombus near the wall of the distal neck. These clefts were not lined with endothelial cells, and seemed to connect the lumen of the parent artery with the most peripheral fresh hemorrhage. However, the diameter of each of these clefts is apparently not large enough to transmit the blood pressure of the parent artery. Simple dissection of the aneurysmal wall by blood flow in the lumen through many clefts in the old thrombus of the distal neck may be involved in the growth and rupture of thrombosed giant aneurysms of the vertebral artery.

Aged↗
PubMed1998

An indirect revascularization method in the surgical treatment of moyamoya disease--various kinds of indirect procedures and a multiple combined indirect procedure.

The indirect non-anastomotic bypass procedures for moyamoya disease are herein reviewed, and our multiple combined indirect procedure, i.e. a fronto-parieto-temporal combined indirect bypass procedure, is also introduced. Direct procedures such as superficial temporal artery-middle cerebral artery anastomosis are able to form collaterals with a high reliability, but these procedures are often difficult to technically perform in small children, and complications, when they occur, tend to be severe. Indirect procedures, such as encephalo-duro-arterio-synangiosis (EDAS), encephalo-myo-synangiosis (EMS), and encephalo-myo-arterio-synangiosis (EMAS) etc., are safe and easy and also successfully form collaterals especially in children with moyamoya disease. However, there are a few drawbacks with such procedures. They do not always form sufficient collaterals. The area where the original EDAS using the posterior branch of the superficial temporal artery can be done is also limited. Moreover, because the area covered by each single procedure is small, the collateral formation obtained by a single procedure is not always satisfactory. For these reasons we developed a fronto-temporoparietal combined indirect bypass procedure for child patients in order to overcome these problems. This multiple combined indirect procedure can cover a wider area of the ischemic brain through the EMAS in the frontal and the EDAS and EMS in the temporo-parietal regions. It is also safe and easy to perform, and one or two of these three procedures form sufficient collaterals with a relatively high reliability. This technique is described and the results are presented.

Cerebral Revascularization↗
PubMed1998

Relationship between serum 1,5-anhydroglucitol and urinary excretion of N-acetylglucosaminidase and albumin determined at onset of NIDDM with 3-year follow-up.

OBJECTIVE: This prospective study was designed to elucidate the relationship between the serum level of 1,5-anhydroglucitol (1,5AG) and the urinary excretion of N-acetylglucosaminidase (NAG) and albumin in patients who were in the early stages of diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: A total of 1,062 male nondiabetic subjects with impaired glucose tolerance were monitored for blood glucose level once every 2-3 months, and the values were evaluated. Of these 1,062 subjects, 112 showed a worsening of glycemia during the observation period to the level seen in diabetes. We began to monitor the glycemia and parameters of renal damage in the 112 patients from the onset of diabetes. RESULTS: The urinary excretion of NAG and albumin were elevated even at the onset of diabetes. The abnormal excretion of NAG and albumin was associated with a change in serum 1,5AG and was quickly reversible when the serum 1,5AG improved. In the 3 years after the onset of diabetes, we obtained at least 18 measurements of one parameter for each patient and calculated the mean. Urinary NAG was found to be significantly correlated with the fasting plasma level of glucose (FPG; r = 0.512, P < 0.0001), the level of HbA1 (r = 0.351, P = 0.001), and the level of 1,5AG (r = -0.790, P < 0.0001). The urinary excretion of albumin was weakly but significantly correlated with levels of FPG (r = 0.383, P < 0.0001) and HbA1 (r = 0.337, P < 0.0001), but it was more strongly correlated with 1,5AG (r = -0.632, P < 0.0001). The level of 1,5AG was significantly correlated with FPG (r = -0.681, P < 0.0001) and HbA1 (r = -0.609, P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: When the renal damage is not severe, the serum level of 1,5AG appeared to be an indicator of the reversible renal damage caused by hyperglycemia, as well as of the severity of the glycemia itself.

Acetylglucosaminidase↗
PubMed1998

Changes of cerebral hemodynamics and oxygenation in unstable septic newborns during exchange transfusion.

We investigated the effect of a two-way exchange transfusion on cerebral hemodynamics and oxygenation in 3 neonates using near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). A total of 4 exchange transfusions (ET) for the treatment of sepsis were performed. Cerebral oxyhemoglobin concentrations (HbO2) increased immediately after commencing with ET by 8.82 +/- 3.46 (mean +/- SD) micromol/l, which persisted throughout the ET. Total hemoglobin concentrations (HbT) simultaneously increased by 8.92 +/- 3.81 (mean +/- SD) micromol/l. No changes in cerebral deoxyhemoglobin concentrations (HbR) and cytochrome aa3 (Cytaa3) were observed. In one occasion, however, HbR increased markedly and HbO2 decreased immediately after ET had begun, thus HbT remained slightly increased compared to the 3 other occasions. The extension of periventricular echogenecity was observed after ET by cranial ultrasound scan in this patient and periventricular leukomalacia was confirmed by autopsy. We conclude that a two-way exchange transfusion increases cerebral blood volume and improves cerebral oxygen delivery. Furthermore NIRS was useful in monitoring changes in cerebral hemodynamics and oxygenation in unstable septic neonates.

Blood Volume↗
PubMed1998

Molecular basis of beta-thalassemia in the Maldives.

We have systematically analyzed beta-thalassemia genes using polymerase chain reaction-related techniques, dot-blot hybridization with oligonucleotide probes, allele specific-polymerase chain reaction, and sequencing of amplified DNA fragments from 41 unrelated patients, including 37 beta-thalassemia homozygotes, three with beta-thalassemia/Hb E, and one with beta-thalassemia/Hb S. Four different beta-thalassemia mutations were detected in 78 alleles. These are the IVS-I-5 (G-->C), codon 30 (AGG-->ACG) [also indicated as IVS-I (-1)], IVS-I-1 (G-->A), and codons 41/42 (-TTCT) mutations. The distribution of the beta-thalassemia mutations in the Maldives is 58 alleles (74.3%) with the IVS-I-5 (G-->C) mutation, 12 (15.4%) with the codon 30 (AGG-->ACG) mutation, seven (9%) with the IVS-I-1 (G-->A) mutation, and one with the codons 41/42 (-TTCT) mutation. The first three mutations account for 98.7% of the total number of beta-thalassemia chromosomes studied. These mutations are clustered in the region spanning 6 bp around the junction of exon 1 and the first intervening sequence of the beta-globin gene. These observations have significant implications for setting up a thalassemia prevention and control program in the Maldives. Analysis of haplotypes and frameworks of chromosomes bearing each beta-thalassemia mutation suggested that the origin and spread of these mutations were reflected by the historical record.

Algeria↗
PubMed1998

Characteristics of biochemical markers in patients with metabolic bone disorders.

Biochemical markers of bone turnover are expected to have some different characteristics among bone metabolic disorders. We compared bone formation markers: serum total alkaline phosphatase (s-Alp), serum osteocalcin (s-OC) and serum carboxy-terminal propeptide of type I collagen (s-PICP); and bone resorption markers: serum carboxy-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen (s-ICTP), urinary pyridinoline (u-Pyr) and urinary deoxypyridinoline (u-Dpyr) to examine which marker is the most suitable and reliable to evaluate bone turnover in patients with osteoporosis (n = 29), osteomalacia (n = 10), primary hyperparathyroidism (n = 6) and renal osteodystrophy (n = 21). The value of s-Alp in the osteomalacia group was significantly higher than those in the normal control group and the osteoporosis group (p < 0.001), and T-score of s-Alp was significantly higher than those of s-OC and s-PICP in the osteomalacia group. The values of u-Pyr and u-Dpyr in the primary hyperparathyroidism group were significantly higher than those in the other groups (p < 0.001). S-PICP, which are not dependent upon renal function, was much higher in the renal osteodystrophy group than in all other groups. In the osteoporosis group, T-score of s-ICTP was significantly higher than those of s-OC. Thus, s-Alp was a good marker in osteomalacia, u-Pyr and u-Dpyr in primary hyperparathyroidism, s-PICP in renal osteodystrophy, and s-ICTP in osteoporosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

A marked increase in free copper levels in the plasma and liver of LEC rats: an animal model for Wilson disease and liver cancer.

Most of copper present in rat plasma and liver binds to caeruloplasmin and metallothionein, respectively, and is not redox active. However, free forms of copper including loosely bound forms to other molecules are redox active. We assessed the free copper in Long-Evans rats with a cinnamon-like coat color (LEC rats), an animal model of Wilson disease and liver cancer. Compared to those of control rats, the liver and plasma of LEC rats showed a marked elevation of free copper, especially at the stage of acute hepatitis, in parallel with an increase of total copper levels in the livers and a decrease of plasma caeruloplasmin (ferroxidase I) activity. At the onset of jaundice, the total copper levels, however, decreased in liver, but increased in plasma, while free copper levels in both liver and plasma remained higher. Free iron levels in both liver and plasma were also determined and did not change significantly, except for the case of plasma in jaundiced rats. The data are consistent with a proposal in which increased levels of redox active free copper in the liver of LEC rats catalyze Fenton-type reactions, producing a large flux of hydroxyl radicals that would play an important role in the observed liver dysfunction, leading to acute hepatitis, and finally, hepatocarcinoma. This is the first demonstration that the free copper may participate in the pathophysiology of the LEC rats and Wilson disease.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

[Slowly progressive IDDM with rheumatoid arthritis and Hashimoto disease in high elderly].

We report a 79-year-old woman case of slowly progressive IDDM (SPIDDM) with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and Hashimoto disease. High titer of anti-glutamic acid decarboxylase antibody (GAD) with a value of 16,400 U/ml (normal value: less than 5 U/ml) and deteriorated secretion of insulin, and clinical course led to the diagnosis of SPIDDM. Both anti-islet cell and anti-insulin antibodies were negative. One year prior to the diagnosis, at 78 years of age, she was newly diagnosed with NIDDM and had been medicated with sulfonylurea and voglibose, resulting her glucose levels well-controlled. Four months before admission, a gradual increase of plasma glucose was noticed, while oral hypoglycemic agents were fully administrated. On admission, her glycemic control was revealed as follows; a fasting blood glucose level of 458 mg/dl and an HbA1 C level of 14.3%. Urinary CPR was 22.5 micrograms day. Her insulin secretion was proved not to be induced with intravenous glucagon injection. Hyperinsulinemic euglycemic glucose clamp test showed the normal glucose uptake ratio; 9.5 mg/kg/min. Moderate doses of subcutaneous insulin (20 units daily) were effective on her diabetes control. She was newly diagnosed with Hashimoto disease that required thyroid hormone replacement 50 micrograms per day after having developed NIDDM. High titer of anti-thyroglobulin antibody (46.9 U/ml) and anti-thyroid peroxidase antibody (81.5 U/ml) were observed. The patient had been medicated for RA with anti-inflammatory drugs since her early seventieth. Rheumatoid factor was elevated to 127.7 IU/L and, anti-nuclear antibody (x 80) and anti-DNA antibody (x 80) were present. It may be of interest that a specific phenotype of HLA; A24 (9) and DR9 recognized to be susceptible to IDDM was detected in the high-elderly onset SPIDDM. Taken together HLA typing with her history of both RA and Hashimoto disease, our case may provide the information to the mechanism of pathogenesis of SPIDDM. Furthermore, to out knowledge, this is the first case of SPIDDM in the aged; 75-year-old or more.

Aged↗
PubMed1998

TGF-beta1 produced by gastric cancer cells affects mesothelial cell morphology in peritoneal dissemination.

In vitro morphologic change of mesothelial cells was observed following the addition of serum-free conditioned medium (SF-CM) from peritoneal dissemination cell line OCUM-2MD3. The same morphologic change of mesothelial cells was observed following the addition of 10 ng/ml TGF-beta1, but not following the addition of b-FGF, IGF-I, VEGF or PDGF-AA. In the in vivo study, mesothelial cells of mice treated with SF-CM from OCUM-2MD3 and TGF- beta1 were separated from one another, resulting in exposure of the submesothelial connective tissue. The molecular size of the mesothelial morphology changing activity was estimated by running the SF-CM from OCUM-2MD3 through a gel filtration column TSK-gel G2000SW. The mesothelial morphology changing activity was recognized at positions equivalent of Mr 6, 500-30,000. 25 kDa TGF-beta1 was detected in the active fraction from the TSK-gel G2000SW column and the SF-CM of OCUM-2MD3 by Western blotting using a monoclonal antibody against TGF-beta1. These findings suggest that TGF-beta1 produced by gastric cancer cells changes the morphology of mesothelial cells and may thus be closely associated with peritoneal dissemination.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Tranilast and cisplatin as an experimental combination therapy for scirrhous gastric cancer.

We examined the effect of Tranilast on the reduction of the administered dose of cisplatin using a scirrhous gastric cancer model. Scirrhous gastric cancer cell line, OCUM-2M, and gastric fibroblasts, NF-10, were used. The IC50 values of CDDP to OCUM-2M cells were decreased by Tranilast in vitro. The combination treatment with Tranilast and CDDP decreased the xenografted tumor size. The combination therapy decreased fibrosis and mitosis, and increased apoptosis. These findings suggest that Tranilast increased the CDDP response on scirrhous gastric cancer. The combination treatment with Tranilast and CDDP may be useful as a new therapy for scirrhous gastric carcinoma.

Adenocarcinoma, Scirrhous↗
PubMed1998

[Effects of PAC (personal attitude construct) analysis in counseling].

The aim of the present study is to prove that the use of PAC Analysis will enhance and facilitate counseling effects. Eleven functions were hypothetically presented: (1a) Intake Facilitation Function, (1b) Self-Disclosure Facilitation Function, (1c) Trust Formation Function, (1d) Dialogue Development Function, (2a) Mutual Understanding Function, (2b) Clarification Function, (2c) Self-Understanding Facilitation Function, (2d) Counselor's Awareness Function, (3a) Descriptive Documentation Function, (3b) Practical Explanation Function, and (3c) Evaluation-Assessment Function. By examining two case studies of international students' counseling process, these functions were analyzed. Results showed that all the functions were confirmed. Introducing PAC Analysis into counseling is proved to be effective in the direct intermental function field in counseling process (1a to 1d), the intramental function field between a client and a counselor (2a to 2d), and the indirect intermental function field including description, explanation, and assessment (3a to 3c). It is discussed that PAC Analysis is expected to take an important role in counseling in general.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

[Combination therapy of daily intramuscular injection of interferon-alpha and oral administration of fluorouracil for advanced renal cell carcinoma].

BACKGROUND: To achieve optimum drug delivery of Interferon-alpha in treatment of renal cell carcinoma, a regimen consisting of its daily intramuscular administration, in combination with oral fluorouracil, was designed and carried out. Its efficacy is examined retrospectively. METHODS: In our department 7 patients with disseminated renal cell carcinoma were treated with daily intramuscular injection of interferon-alpha (3 x 10(6) IU) and daily oral administration of fluorouracil. All patient was nehprectomized before initiation of the regimen. RESULTS: Two patients achieved complete, and three patients achieved partial response radiographically (Overall response rate 71%). Metastatic sites of responders were lung (4) and pleura (2). The time required until response was 3.9 (median 5.4) months. In two responders, new lesions appeared in other organs despite durable response in initial pulmonary metastatic sites. There were two no-responders, one patient is alive with stable disease and the other patient died for progression of the disease. In all, two patients died of disease, one died for other cause, one surviving without evidence of disease, and three are surviving with disease. No significant side effect was noted in these seven patients. CONCLUSIONS: This regimen can be carried out on outpatient basis and considerable response can be expected for pulmonary and pleural lesions.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1998

Syntheses of antifungal aureobasidin A analogs with alkyl chains for structure-activity relationship.

The syntheses of aureobasidin A (AbA) derivatives with alkyl chains and their in vitro structure-biological activity relationships are discussed. The analogs replaced at positions 6, 7, or 8 of AbA with either L-glutamic acid, delta-hydroxy-L-norvaline, or delta-hydroxy-N-methyl-L-norvaline are prepared. The gamma-carboxyl or delta-hydroxyl group of these new amino acids was coupled with acids, alcohols, or amines with alkyl chains. While the analogs having L-glutamic acid residue at positions 6 or 8 showed weak activity, esterification of the gamma-carboxyl group with benzyl or shorter alkyl (C4 or C6) alcohols, significantly enhanced the activities. Introduction of longer alkyl (C14) chain to the same amino acids residues at positions 6, 7, or 8 resulted in total loss of antifungal activity. Among the lipophilic analogs in [L-Glu6] derivatives, the C6 alcohol ester showed the strongest antifungal activity against Candida spp. so far tested. None of the derivatives showed activity against Cryptococcus neoformans.

Antifungal Agents↗
PubMed1998

[A clinical study of causes of death from active pulmonary tuberculosis with chemotherapy].

We evaluated retrospectively the causes of death from active pulmonary tuberculosis by the review of records and chest radiograohs of 364 patients (male 282, female 82) with active pulmonary tuberculosis, who were admitted to our hospital during 1995 to 1998. 43 patients (male 33, female 10) were died under anti-tuberculous chemotherapy. 20 cases were tuberculous death; death from acute progression of tuberculosis without response to chemotherapy (acute progression group) in eight cases and death from debility in spite of partial response to chemotherapy (debility group) in eight cases. 23 cases were died from underlying diseases; death from malignant neoplasmas (malignant group) in nine cases and death from complication of bacterial pneumonia (pneumonia group) in seven cases. In acute progression group, the age (mean +/- SE) was 64.8 +/- 5.2 years old and the survival period from admission was 11.8 +/- 4.2 days. Five cases were laborer or unemployed. This group was characterized with far advanced diseases presenting extensive lung lesions complicated with DIC or hepatic dysfunction, low performance status (PS), severe malnutrition and lymphocytepenia. In debility group, the age was 70.8 +/- 3.9 years old and the survival period from admission was 254.6 +/- 90.7 days. Five cases were laborer or unemployed. This group was characterized with multiple underlying diseases, low PS, previous anti-tuberculous chemotherapy and resistance to INH and/or RFP. In malignant group, the age was 69.3 +/- 3.2 years old and the survival period from admission was 99.9 +/- 21.2 days. This group was characterized with relatively well nourished, relatively good PS in comparison with other groups, and lymphocytepenia. In pneumonia group, the age was 82.8 +/- 1.7 years old and the survival period from admission was 153.3 +/- 54.5 days. This group was characterized with remarkably advanced age, low PS related to underlying disorders of central nervous system. In the causes of death with active pulmonary tuberculosis under chemotherapy, inhomogenous groups were included. Extensive disease, low PS, malnutrition, lymphocytopenia, previous chemotherapy, resistance to INH and/or RFP, and poorer social circumstances seemed to be risk factors for tuberculous death. In contrast, underlying malignant nepolasma, lower PS, and far advanced age were seemed to be the risk factors for non-tuberculous death.

Aged↗
PubMed1998

[Risk assessment of dioxins and the effect as the endocrine disrupters].

In 1990, WHO recommended the TDI (Tolerable Daily Intake) of 10 pg/kg bw/day for dioxin. Since then, industrialized countries have set TDIs or exposure limits based on their own evaluation of the exposure levels and the toxicity of dioxin. In Japan, the MHW announced 10 pg TCDD/kg bw/day as the temporary TDI in 1996. WHO reevaluated the TDI in May 1998 and announced the TDI in the range of 1-4 pg TEQ/kg bw/day including coplanar PCBs, which will definitely have a big impact all over the world. Moreover, dioxins, as endocrine disrupting chemicals, are reviewed on their hazards on health and the mechanism of actions.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

[Inhibitory effect of green tea infusion of hepatotoxicity].

We first showed a drinking of green tea infusion can inhibit chemically induced possible hepatic tissue damages in animal experiments, although it has been shown that oral administration of green tea extract can inhibit some organ toxicities. In this review, our data are summarized and a possibility of the effectiveness in humans is discussed. Male rats or mice in the series of experiments were given 2% green tea infusion as a drinking water 1 or 2 weeks before the chemical treatment and until the termination. In the study of rats, green tea effectively inhibited the hepatotoxicity induced by a single intraperitoneal injection or by repeated gavage administration of 2-nitropropane, and a single intraperitoneal injection of galactosamine. However, any possible effects were not observed when green tea was given, on the hepatotoxicity by a single or repeated gavage administration of carbon tetrachloride. In the study of mice, green tea inhibited the hepatotoxicity induced by administration of pentachlorophenol in diet. In conclusion, 2% green tea infusion can prevent the hepatotoxicity by at least some chemicals in experimental animals. It is inferred that the amount of green tea taken by animals in this experiment might be equivalent to the daily intake in Japanese general population, by calculation based on the content of epigallocatechin gallate, a major component of green tea, and the species differences between experimental animals and humans, suggesting the preventive effectiveness in humans.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

[Studies on development and improvement of toxicity guidelines conducted at the Biological Safety Research Center].

From FY 1990, studies aimed at development and improvement of toxicity guidelines have been conducted at the Biological Safety Research Center, in collaboration with the Environmental Health Bureau. To date, researches have focused on acute toxicity, antigenicity, reproductive toxicity, immunotoxicity, etc. In this report, brief summary of studies on cytotoxicity, toxicokinetics, neurotoxicity, genetic toxicity and structure-activity relationship performed during FY 1995-97, is presented.

Animals↗