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Biomedical subjects

T Inoue

Publications and source records attributed to T Inoue.

At least 415 records · Page 23Linked to original sources
PubMed2000

Changes in hemodynamic variables and catecholamine levels after rapid increase in sevoflurane or isoflurane concentration with or without nitrous oxide under endotracheal intubation.

PURPOSE: Rapid increases in concentrations of isoflurane and desflurane in oxygen have been shown to increase sympathetic activity. The aim of this study was to determine whether concomitant administration of nitrous oxide would reduce these sympathomimetic effects of volatile anesthetics. METHODS: Eighty healthy patients in whom the trachea was intubated and mechanically ventilated were given 15 min of anesthesia with either N(2)O (67%)-O(2)-sevoflurane (GOS), O(2)-sevoflurane (OS), N(2)O (67%)-O(2)-isoflurane (GOI), or O(2)-isoflurane (OI) (n = 20 per group). The inspired concentration of sevoflurane was 0.85% (0.5 minimum alveolar concentration [MAC]), and that of isoflurane was 0.6% (0.5 MAC). Fifteen minutes after endotracheal intubation, baseline and arterial blood sample data were obtained. Immediately after that, a sudden administration of 2.9 MAC volatile anesthetics was performed. Systolic and diastolic arterial pressures, heart rate, and end-tidal carbon dioxide concentration were obtained at 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, and 5 min after that. To measure catecholamine levels, arterial blood samples were obtained 2 and 5 min after the trial started. RESULTS: Except for the OI group, systolic and diastolic arterial pressure progressively decreased after the abrupt increase in the concentration of volatile anesthetics. Except for the OS group, the heart rate increased after the abrupt increase in the concentration of volatile anesthetics. In the OI group, the end-tidal concentration of carbon dioxide increased at 0.5 and 1 min, suggesting that a slight hyperdynamic state occurred. However, it decreased progressively after the abrupt increase in volatile anesthetic concentration in the other groups. Plasma norepinephrine levels increased progressively in all groups. CONCLUSION: Even if nitrous oxide was added to isoflurane or sevoflurane, the increase in heart rate could not be avoided. Contrary to previous reports, severe hyperdynamic circulation was not observed after a rapid increase in isoflurane concentration.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2000

Immunocytochemical analysis of cellular infiltrates in human appendicitis.

This study was conducted to determine the immunologic cellular composition in human appendicitis and its association with the development of perforated appendicitis. Appendiceal specimens from 27 patients with acute appendicitis were immunostained to detect lymphocyte surface markers. Moreover, the lymphocyte surface markers of peripheral blood were analyzed by laser flow cytometry in 12 patients. Helper T lymphocytes (CD4) were present in all the patients, while B lymphocytes (CD19), natural killer (NK) cells (CD56), and cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CD8) were present in 7 (70%), 10 (100%), and 9 patients (90%) with perforated appendicitis, and in 12 (63.2%), 10 (58.8%), and 6 (54.5%) patients without perforation, respectively. There were significant differences between the patients with a perforated appendix and those without perforation, in the positivity rate for CD8 and CD56 cells (P < 0.05). The number of cells positive for CD56, being NK cells, in the blood from the patients with perforation was significantly lower than that in the blood from those without perforation (P < 0.05). The infiltration of a greater number of cytotoxic T lymphocytes and NK cells was observed in the appendices from patients with perforated appendicitis than in those from patients with nonperforated appendicitis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

The occurrence of a strangulated ileus due to a traumatic transmesenteric hernia: report of a case.

We report herein the case of a 6-year-old boy in whom a strangulated ileus was caused by a traumatic transmesenteric hernia. The boy had fallen from his bicycle and suffered a severe blow to the abdomen. Abdominal pain and vomiting developed 10 h after the accident and he was admitted to our hospital. Abdominal ultrasonogram and computed tomogram demonstrated ascites, intestinal wall thickening with fluid, and an engorged radiating mesenteric vasculature. Thus, an emergency laparotomy was performed which revealed bloody ascites, a strangulated ileus, and torsion with a transmesenteric hernia. The necrotic intestine was resected and an anastomosis was performed. Macroscopic and microscopic findings revealed a traumatic mesenteric rent. The unusual presentation of this case is discussed.

Abdominal Injuries↗
PubMed2000

Effect of salmon calcitonin on experimental osteoporosis induced by ovariectomy and low-calcium diet in the rat.

To investigate the action and effect of calcitonin on osteoporosis, this study was performed in osteoporotic rats that had been ovariectomized and maintained on a low-calcium diet. Significant bone loss was noted in ovariectomized rats compared with those that underwent sham surgeries, and histological findings proved bone turnover to be increased. In comparison with this osteoporotic rat group, those given calcitonin showed less bone loss; the reduction in bone loss was obvious in the vertebral body, and rats given a high dose of calcitonin over a long duration showed even less bone loss, but this was hardly seen in the proximal tibial metaphysis. Histological findings proved that calcitonin inhibited the bone resorption that was stimulated by the ovariectomy. Values for osteoblast surfaces were relatively higher while those of reversal surfaces were lower. The results confirm that salmon calcitonin has an inhibitory action on bone resorption as well as being effective in maintaining and stimulating bone formation in vivo. These effects of calcitonin prevented progress of the osteoporosis that had been induced by ovariectomy, and the effects appeared differently in each region.

Aging↗
PubMed2000

Diverse genes of cellulase homologues of glycosyl hydrolase family 45 from the symbiotic protists in the hindgut of the termite Reticulitermes speratus.

Diverse genes encoding cellulase homologues belonging to glycosyl hydrolase family 45 were identified from the symbiotic protists in the hindgut of the termite Reticulitermes speratus through the use of consensus PCR and the screening of a cDNA library. Fifteen full-length cDNA clones were isolated and sequenced, which encoded polypeptides consisting of 218-221 amino acid residues showing up to 63% identity to known family 45 cellulases. The cellulase sequences of the termite symbiotic protists were phylogenetically monophyletic, showing more than 75% amino acid identity with each other. These enzymes consist of a single catalytic domain, lacking the ancillary domains found in most microbial cellulases. By whole-cell in situ hybridization using oligonucleotide probes specific for regions conserved in some of the sequences, the origin of the genes was identified as symbiotic hypermastigote protists. The presence of diverse cellulase homologues suggests that symbiotic protists of termites may be rich reservoirs of novel cellulase sequences.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed2000

Comparison of the analytical and clinical performance characteristics of an N-MID versus an intact osteocalcin immunoradiometric assay.

Osteocalcin is the most abundant non-collagenous protein in bone, reflecting its formation. It was reported that the instability of intact osteocalcin results from the cleavage of the C-terminal sequence of osteocalcin to produce a large N-terminal osteocalcin fragment. A two-site immunoassay for detecting both the N-terminal osteocalcin fragment and the intact osteocalcin was developed that were both independent of an unstable C-terminal sequence. The aim of this study is to investigate the performance of an N-MID osteocalcin immunoradiometric assay and to compare it with an intact osteocalcin assay. Ten serum samples were repeatedly frozen and thawed up to seven times. The variability of the values of N-MID osteocalcin was less than that of the intact osteocalcin. For stability of osteocalcin in serum after storage, the mean value of N-MID was 94. 3% of the initial value after 7 days at 4 degrees C, whereas the intact was 73.4%. The reduction of intact values were significantly larger than that of N-MID after 2, 5 and 7 days. At -30 degrees C, the values of N-MID did not change for up to 10 weeks. The concentrations of osteocalcin measured by an N-MID osteocalcin and an intact osteocalcin were investigated in 27 premenopausal subjects, 27 postmenopausal subjects, and 68 osteoporotic patients (23 with vertebral fractures and 45 with hip fractures). The percent mean increase of osteocalcin in postmenopausal subjects over premenopausal subjects was 98% in N-MID versus 42% in the intact assay. The z-scores of N-MID and intact showed similar results in all groups. N-MID osteocalcin significantly correlated with intact osteocalcin (r=0.755), and other biochemical markers for bone formation, such as bone specific alkaline phosphatase (r=0.606) and C-terminal propeptide of type I procollagen (PICP) (r=0.568). An N-MID IRMA had better stability during storage than intact and had the discriminative ability which is similar to the intact assay in postmenopause and osteoporosis. Therefore, an N-MID osteocalcin IRMA could improve the clinical utility and evaluation of osteocalcin.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Serum N-acetyl-beta-D-gulucosaminidase activity increases in association with insulin resistance in patients with coronary artery disease.

N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) is released from lysosomes, but the clinical significance of its serum activity in the pathogenesis of coronary artery disease has not been well understood. We measured serum NAG activity by a colorimetric method in consecutive 168 patients suspected of having coronary artery disease who underwent diagnostic coronary angiography. In addition, we evaluated the relationship between the activity and severity of coronary artery disease, as well as various coronary risk factors. Serum NAG activity was higher in the multi-vessel disease group than in the no stenotic lesion group (9.2+/-2.3 vs. 7.8+/-1.8 U/l, P<0.01) and in the single-vessel disease group (vs. 8.2+/-2.2 U/l, P<0.05). In all patients, Gensini score was closely correlated with the serum NAG activity (r = 0.39, P<0.001). Multiple regression analysis showed that serum NAG activity was correlated with plasma insulin level (r = 0.49, P<0.01), but not correlated with other coronary risk factors. In 126 patients without apparent diabetes mellitus, serum NAG was also correlated with plasma insulin level (r = 0.37, P<0.01) and additionally with insulin resistanc determined by homeostasis model assessment (r = 0.47, P<0.01). Our results suggested that serum NAG activity correlates with the severity of coronary artery disease in relation to plasma insulin level and insulin resistance, and thus can be an indicator of coronary artery disease based upon abnormalities of glucose metabolism.

Acetylglucosaminidase↗
PubMed2000

Allelochemicals of the tropical weed Sphenoclea zeylanica.

Nine plant growth inhibitors were isolated from the tropical weed Sphenoclea zeylanica, which shows allelopathic properties. Those compounds hitherto not reported from any plant source were the isomers of cyclic thiosulfinate, (1S,3R,4R)-(+)- and (1R,3R,4R)-(+)-4-hydroxy-3-hydroxymethyl-1,2-dithiolane-1-oxides, and (2R,3R,4R)-(-)- and (2S,3R,4R)-(+)-4-hydroxy-3-hydroxymethyl-1,2-dithiolane-2-oxides. These were named zeylanoxide A, epi-zeylanoxide A, zeylanoxide B and epi-zeylanoxide B, respectively. The absolute configurations at C-3 and C-4 were elucidated by chemical synthesis of both enantiomers from L- and D-glucose. Two of the inhibitors were secologanic acid and secologanoside. and three other inhibitors were by known secoiridoid glucosides formed as artifacts during extraction with methanol. The cyclic thiosulfinates and secoiridoid glucosides completely inhibit the root growth of rice seedlings at 3.0 mM. While the specific activity of the inhibitors was not high, since they accumulated to circa 0.61% S. zelanica by dry weight, this suggests that the inhibitors are nervertheless potent allelochemicals in this weed.

Lactuca↗
PubMed2000

Acute effects of smoke exposure on the cellular and cytokine profile in isolated perfused lungs.

The aim of this study was to assess the acute effects of cigarette smoke exposure on cellular and cytokine profile in BAL fluids in an isolated perfused rabbit assay. The experimental animals were categorized into four groups: (1) unexposed controls and (2) cigarette smoke-exposed animals perfused with autologous whole blood; (3) unexposed controls and cigarette smoke-exposed; (4) cigarette smoke-exposed animals perfused with Krebs' Ringer solution containing 5% bovine serum albumin and glucose. Cigarette smoke induced an increase in total cell numbers (mainly alveolar macrophages in BAL fluids) and an increase in the permeability index of BAL. Levels of interleukin 8 were also significantly decreased in BAL fluids due to acute effects of cigarette smoke exposure. The most likely explanation for cigarette smoke-induced increase of inflammatory cells in BAL in lungs is because of the release of pre-existing cells from reservoirs within the lungs. The acute effects of cigarette smoke-induced increase of pulmonary epithelial permeability may also play an important role in the cellular recruitment into airspaces from the lung reservoirs.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Effect of the dopamine D(1/5) antagonist SCH 23390 on the acquisition of conditioned fear.

The authors previously reported that typical and atypical antipsychotic drugs inhibited the acquisition but not expression of conditioned fear. The present study examined the effects of the selective dopamine D(1/5) agonist (SKF 38393) and antagonist (SCH 23390) on the acquisition and expression of conditioned fear. Drugs were administered subcutaneously to male Sprague-Dawley rats 30 min before foot shock (2.5 mA for 5 min). Twenty-four hours after foot shock, rats were again placed and observed in the shock chamber without shocks (conditioned fear). Freezing behavior induced by conditioned fear, an index of anxiety or fear, was recorded using a time-sampling procedure. SCH 23390 (0.1-1 mg/kg) inhibited the acquisition of conditioned freezing. The administration of SCH 23390 at a dose of 0.1 mg/kg 30 min after foot shock did not affect conditioned freezing. Taken together, it is concluded that D(1/5) antagonism inhibits the acquisition of conditioned fear. SKF 38393 (3-20 mg/kg) failed to change the acquisition of conditioned fear. SCH 23390 or SKF 38393 administered prior to testing did not reduce the expression of conditioned fear. These results suggest that D(1/5) receptors may play a role in the development of fear or anxiety.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Comparison of topographic indices that correlate with visual acuity in videokeratography.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the relationship between the best spectacle-corrected visual acuity (BSCVA) and two quantitative indices of the anterior corneal surface obtained by videokeratography. DESIGN: Prospective, single center, comparative, observational study. PARTICIPANTS: Eighty-nine normal eyes and 52 eyes with keratoconus with contact lens-corrected visual acuity of 20/20 or better. INTERVENTION: Videokeratography was performed with the TMS-2 and the CAS system 2000. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The relationship between the BSCVA recorded in log minimal angle of resolution (logMAR) units, the surface regularity index (SRI), and the predicted corneal acuity (PCA) were assessed by linear regression analysis. RESULTS: The BSCVAs for all eyes ranged from 0.82 to -0.30 logMAR units. BSCVA was highly correlated with the SRI (r = 0.70, P < 0.0001) and the PCA (r = -0.61, P < 0.0001). There was no statistical difference in the regression slopes and the intercepts for the estimated BSCVA using the SRI and measured BSCVA, and the estimated BSCVA using PCA and measured BSCVA. CONCLUSIONS: Two quantitative topographic indices, SRI and PCA, are useful for estimating the effect of irregular astigmatism on visual acuity even though both indices quantify different aspects of the anterior surface of the cornea.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Inhibition of L-leucine methyl ester mediated killing of THP-1, a human monocytic cell line, by a new anti-inflammatory drug, T614.

T614 (3-formylamino-7-methylsulfonylamino-6-phenoxy-4H-1-benzopyran-4-o ne) is a member of the family of methanesulfonanilide non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (mNSAIDs), most of which act as cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 inhibitors. L-leucine methyl ester (Leu-OME) is a reagent which has been shown to kill phagocytes following interaction with intracellular proteases. There are two pathways whereby Leu-OME becomes cytotoxic to phagocytes. Within lysosomes, Leu-OME is converted into free Leu, which causes disruption of the lysosomes and subsequent cell necrosis. The other is the conversion of Leu-OME into (Leu-Leu)(n)-OME, which is associated with the induction of apoptosis. In the present study, we examined the action of T614 on Leu-OME mediated killing of THP-1, a human monocytic cell line. We revealed that T614 and phenylmethyl sulfonyl fluoride (PMSF), a serine protease inhibitor, inhibited Leu-OME mediated killing of THP-1 cells. All the other mNSAIDs, including nimesulide (NIM-03), fluosulide (CGP28238), FK3311 and NS398, also rescued THP-1 from Leu-OME mediated killing, although to a lesser degree. Of the classical NSAIDs tested, a protective effect was observed with diclofenac at high concentration, but not with naproxen or indomethacin. Unlike conventional lysosomal inhibitors, such as chloroquine and ammonium chloride (NH(4)Cl), T614 and PMSF did not raise lysosomal pH, as measured by flow cytometry using fluorescein isothiocyanate dextran (FITC-dextran). Therefore, the mechanism whereby T614 and PMSF inhibit Leu-OME killing is distinct from that of chloroquine or NH(4)Cl. Based on the similarity of T614 and PMSF, we suggest that, besides their roles as COX-2 inhibitors, T614 and other mNSAIDs may act as lysosomal protease inhibitors.

Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal↗
PubMed2000

Open pergolide treatment of tricyclic and heterocyclic antidepressant-resistant depression.

BACKGROUND: Recently, a dopamine hypothesis of depression was put forward, and several studies have demonstrated that direct and indirect dopamine agonists have antidepressant effects. METHODS: Using Clinical Global Impressions, we evaluated the efficacy of 4-week treatment of pergolide as an antidepressant adjuvant involving 20 unipolar depressed patients who were refractory to standard treatment with antidepressants. RESULTS: One patients (5%) were very much improved, seven (35%) much improved, four (20%) minimally improved, six (30%) no change or worse, and two (10%) not assessed. There was no significant difference in any clinical factors between the pergolide responder and non-responder group. LIMITATIONS: This study was a non-blind open trial, and pergolide was added to tricyclic and heterocyclic antidepressants. CONCLUSION: Pergolide may be useful as an antidepressant adjuvant, suggesting a potential role for dopamine-2 stimulation in the antidepressant response.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

The influence of traditional Chinese herbal drugs on serum 1, 5-anhydroglucitol levels.

The serum concentration of 1,5-anhydroglucitol (1,5-AG), a polyol which originates mainly in the diet, is used in Japan as a new marker for glycemia. To evaluate the potential interference of 1, 5-AG measurements by traditional Chinese medicines (Kampo), we examined the 1,5-AG content in 32 types of concentrated dosage forms of Kampo using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The 32 types of Kampo were the most frequently used in Japan, two of which, Ninjin-yoei-to (7030 microg/g dry weight) and Kami-kihi-to (6700 microg/g dry weight), contained large amounts of 1,5-AG. Six others contained small amounts of 1,5-AG. Both Ninjin-yoei-to and Kami-kihi-to contain the same ingredient, Polygalae radix, which is a crude form of polygalitol (1,5-AG). To confirm the effects of these Kampo medicines on the serum levels of 1,5-AG, we administered Ninjin-yoei-to (7.5 g/day) for 8 weeks to 18 patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (Type 2 DM). The serum level of 1,5-AG increased from 9.8+/-8.9 to 28.1+/-17.5 microg/ml by week 8. Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) had not changed by week 8. Thus, an abnormal serum 1,5-AG level may be present in patients taking Kampo which contains Polygalae radix.

Aged↗
PubMed2000

Intrathecal lithium reduces neuropathic pain responses in a rat model of peripheral neuropathy.

We tested the ability of lithium (Li(+)) to block heat hyperalgesia, cold allodynia, mechanical allodynia and mechanical hyperalgesia in rats experimentally subjected to painful peripheral neuropathy. Chronic constrictive injury (CCI) to the sciatic nerve induced persistent hyperalgesia and allodynia. Intrathecal injection of Li(+) (2.5-40 micromol) into the region of lumbar enlargement dose-dependently reduced heat hyperalgesia, cold allodynia and mechanical allodynia for 2-6 h after injection, but had no effect on mechanical hyperalgesia. Li(+) had no significant effect on responses from control and sham-operated animals. Intrathecal injection of myo-inositol (2.5 mg) significantly reversed both the anti-hyperalgesic and anti-allodynic effect of Li(+). These findings suggest that intrathecal Li(+) suppresses neuropathic pain response in CCI rats through the intracellular phosphatidylinositol (PI) second messenger system in spinal cord neurons. Lithium (Li(+)) has already found widespread clinical application; these results suggest that its therapeutic utility may be extended to include treatment of neuropathic pain syndromes resulting from peripheral nerve injury.

Animals↗