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Biomedical subjects

T Ingemann-Hansen

Publications and source records attributed to T Ingemann-Hansen.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Synovial fluid and blood monocyte influence on lymphocyte proliferation in rheumatoid arthritis and traumatic synovitis.

The influence of synovial fluid and blood monocytes on autologous lymphocyte proliferation in vitro was investigated in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and traumatic synovitis (TS). In cultures stimulated with PHA, PWM and ConA, thymidine incorporation by RA blood mononuclear cells (BMC) increased considerably in most cases after addition of 10% or 30% synovial fluid monocytes and a similar effect was seen after stimulation with Candida extract or PPD. A comparable helper activity was observed after addition of synovial fluid monocytes to monocyte-depleted blood cells in RA. The augmenting effect of synovial fluid monocytes was likewise demonstrated in TS patients. Synovial fluid mononuclear cells (SMC) from RA and TS patients displayed low proliferative responses to PHA and ConA in comparison with BMC, while the responses to microbial antigens were similar or greater. The proliferative activity of SMC or of monocyte-depleted synovial fluid cells after polyclonal and antigenic stimulation was not affected by addition of blood monocytes. This was observed in both RA and TS patients. It is concluded that the regulatory properties of synovial fluid monocytes in RA and TS do not explain the low proliferative responses of SMC to polyclonal activators.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Progressive resistance exercise training of the hypotrophic quadriceps muscle in man. The effects on morphology, size and function as well as the influence of duration of effort.

The effects of progressive resistance exercise (PRE) training for 4 weeks on the hypotrophic quadriceps muscle were investigated in 23 young healthy male soccer players, who had been immobilized in a plaster cast 4-6 weeks after knee ligament injuries. The subjects were allocated to two training regimes where the injured leg was trained for periods of varying duration, whereas the intensity and frequency of exercise were alike in the two groups. However no significant differences were detected between the two training groups. In the whole material the lean thigh volume of the injured leg increased from 4.09 to 4.47 litres (p less than 0.001), whereas the fat component of the thigh was unchanged. The dynamic strength (1 RM) of the injured leg increased from 14.0 kg to 27.0 kg and amounted to 87% of the control leg after 4 weeks of training. At this time the maximum isometric strength amounted to 114 Nm, which was 63% of strength in the control leg. Succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) in homogenates of muscle biopsy sample increased (i.e. 20%, p less than 0.05) to the same level as found in the control leg. No changes in phosphofructokinase (PFK) were observed. The type I fibre distribution was lower in the immobilized leg than in the control leg. These results indicate that, following muscular hypotrophy resulting from 4-6 weeks of immobilization, dynamic exercise can restore the oxidative potential, whereas the size and strength are only partly recovered.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Complement C3c and C3d in plasma and synovial fluid in rheumatoid arthritis.

By means of recently developed immunochemical assays increased levels of the complement C3c and C3d split products were found in synovial fluids of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) as compared with synovial fluids of patients with traumatic synovitis (TS). In plasma, only the C3d levels were significantly increased compared with plasma levels of patients with TS. Both split products were higher in RA synovial fluids (SF) than in RA plasma. A positive correlation between the C3d concentrations in plasma and the presence of IC in serum was found, and between the C3c levels and the concentration of polymorphonuclear cells in SF of RA patients. Due to differences in turn-over of C3c and C3d determination of plasma C3d levels may be a useful parameter for the evaluation of immunological activity in RA, while measurement of C3c in the synovial fluid may elucidate the actual inflammatory activity in the synovial membranes.

Antigen-Antibody Complex↗
PubMed1982

Seasonal variation of maximal oxygen consumption rate in humans.

The relationship of maximal oxygen uptake (VO2 max) and resting oxygen uptake in two seasons of the year (winter/summer) was investigated in 119 young males. The subjects were conscripts, who were investigated at the calling-up time (winter: n = 58). The two groups were comparable with respect to their anthropometric data and smoking habits, as well as their occupational and leisure time activities. VO2 max was significantly (p less than 0.01) higher in the subjects investigated in the summer time (3.35 1/min) compared with those in the winter time (3.12 1/min). There was no difference in resting VO2 expressed relatively to body weight, whereas the resting VO2 was significantly (p less than 0.05) higher in winter than in summer, when it was expressed relatively to lean body mass and body surface area. The results suggest that seasonal variation in maximal aerobic power may occur in young males; this may in turn affect their response to physical training.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed1982

Functional characteristics of synovial fluid and blood mononuclear cells in rheumatoid arthritis and traumatic synovitis.

The activity of blood mononuclear cells (BMC) and synovial fluid mononuclear cells (SMC) from patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and traumatic synovitis (TS) was assessed by means of [14C]thymidine incorporation and production of leukocyte migration inhibitory factor (LIF). When compared with normal controls, spontaneous LIF production by BMC was found in 5 of 9 TS patients, whereas spontaneous LIF production by rheumatoid arthritis BMC and by SMC from both patient groups was infrequently seen. ConA-induced LIF production by BMC and SMC from both patient groups did not differ significantly from that of normal controls. Thymidine incorporation by unstimulated SMC and BMC was low in both patient groups. After stimulation with polyclonal activators, SMC showed significantly reduced proliferation in comparison with BMC, but the responses to microbial antigens were equal to or higher than those of BMC. The proliferative responses of stimulated SMC from TS patients were higher than the responses displayed by stimulated SMC from RA patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Influence of temperature and relative humidity of inhaled gas on exercise-induced asthma.

The decrease in pulmonary function, expressed as peak expiratory flow, which is seen in some asthmatics after exercise (exercise-induced asthma (EIA)), has been studied under conditions standardized with regard to ventilation during exercise, room temperature and relative humidity of the inhaled air. Exercise was performed under four different conditions. 1) temperature (T) 15 degrees C and relative humidity (RH) 30%, and 2) T 15 degrees C and RH 70%, 3) T 30 degrees C and RH 30% and 4) T 30 degrees C and RH 70%. Treadmill running was performed on four succeeding days at the same time of day with the four different combined conditions. Identical ventilation during the exercise was secured on each day by monitoring respiratory frequency, tidal volume, minute ventilation and accumulated ventilation. A significantly smaller decrease in pulmonary function occurred when both T and RH were high, whereas the decrease in pulmonary function after exercise was identical when either temperature or relative humidity, or both, were low. It is concluded that the water concentration of the inspired air is negatively correlated to the decrease in pulmonary function after exercise in asthmatics.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Exercise-induced asthma after swimming and bicycle exercise.

Eleven adult patients with exercise-induced asthma (EIA) were subjected to swimming and bicycle exercise under controlled conditions regarding temperature and relative humidity of the inhaled air, the respiratory frequency, tidal volume, minute ventilation and the accumulated ventilation. Swimming for 6 min was performed on the first day, and the next day the patients performed bicycle exercise. On both days the temperature of the inhaled air was 23% C and the relative humidity 15%. The average accumulated ventilation for the 6 min of exercise was 404 l for bicycle exercise and 419 l for swimming. The decrease in pulmonary function was 31% after bicycle exercise and 30% after swimming. It is concluded that the stimuli for EIA are equally effective whether exercise is performed in the form of swimming or bicycling.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Exercise-induced asthma after walking, running and cycling.

Bronchial response to 6 min exercise performed as treadmill-walking, treadmill-running, ergometer bicycling and free running were compared in 11 subjects with exercise-induced asthma (EIA). The study was performed under control of air temperature and relative humidity. The three different types of exercise were performed on consecutive days, and the ventilation was monitored using pneumotachography and rating of perceived exertion (RPE). The decrease in peak expiratory flow after treadmill-running was 25.5 +/- 4.5% (mean +/- SEM), after bicycle ergometer exercise 26.0 +/- 3.0%, after treadmill-walking 26.0 +/- 3.0% and after free running 27.0 +/- 3.5%. No statistical difference in bronchial response was demonstrated between the four types of exercise. The total ventilation for the 6 min period of exercise was 421, 411 and 427 litres for treadmill-walking, treadmill-running and bicycle ergometer exercise, respectively. It is concluded that the type of work is of little importance in EIA.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Effect of physical training on peak oxygen consumption rate and exercise-induced asthma in adult asthmatics.

Sixteen adults with perennial asthma were trained for 2 months using heavy exercise. Eleven comparable subjects performing light exercise with the same frequency and duration served as controls. After the training the peak oxygen consumption rate (Vo2max) was increased by 10% (P = 0.02) in the heavily trained group, whereas no significant change was observed in the control group. The difference in Vo2max between males and females averaged 20% and is thus of the same magnitude as found in healthy subjects. An exercise-induced asthma (EIA) test comprising 6 min of free running was carried out in all participants in both training groups before and after the training period. The post-exercise decrease in pulmonary function assessed by peak expiratory flow (PEF) was 36 + 4% (mean +/- SEM) before heavy training and 33 +/- 2% after two months of training (paired t-test: P = 0.18); for the control group the decrease was 40 +/- 6% and 40 +/- 7% (P = 0.22), respectively, at the pre- and post-training investigation. It is concluded that physical training may increase the Vo2max in asthmatic patients by the same amount as in normal subjects, whereas no influence on the degree of EIA could be detected.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Skeletal muscle phosphagen and lactate concentrations in ischaemic dynamic exercise.

Five young males performed dynamic, submaximal contractions to exhaustion with the quadriceps muscle under arterial occlusion. The work load was 14.7 Watt (W). After 10 min rest with intact arterial circulation, the subjects commenced another bout to exhaustion; this process was repeated until a total of 10--16 bouts had been performed. Muscle biopsies were obtained immediately after the second, fifth, eighth, and last bout as well as 30 min after the last bout. The concentrations of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), creatine phosphate (CP), lactate, and glycogen were measured in each sample and some material underwent histochemical analysis. Muscle lactate was highest following the second work bout [22.9 mmol/kg wet weight (ww)] and gradually declined to 7.0 mmol/kg ww by the end of the last bout. CP level was low in all postexercise samples with the exception of a remarkably high CP (11.7 mmol/kg ww) after the last bout. Glycogen utilization tended to parallel muscle lactate levels, the rate of depletion being most rapid initially. Histochemical staining for glycogen depletion revealed that both type I and II fibres were low in glycogen, although type I was depleted most uniformly. In the first work bouts the high lactate and low CP levels in the total muscle could be responsible for the fatigue; none of these factors seem adequate to explain the development of the fatigue experienced in the later work bouts. It is concluded that muscle fatigue in this type of exercise is not related to substrate depletion or accumulation of metabolites, further that the fibre recruitment pattern is determined by the type and relative severity of performed work rather than local metabolic factors.

Adenosine Triphosphate↗
PubMed1981

The importance of ventilation in exercise-induced asthma.

The degree of post treadmill-running decrease in pulmonary function (Exercise-Induced Asthma) in 11 adult asthmatics was compared with the decrease in pulmonary function followed by resting isocapnic hyperventilation. It was checked that ventilation during the hyperventilation was kept identical to the ventilation during treadmill-running by continuous recording of respiratory frequency, minute ventilation, tidal volume and accumulated ventilation. The temperature of the inspired air was identical in the two situations and the relative humidity was 40% during treadmill-running and 15% during hyperventilation. The average accumulated ventilation during treadmill-running and hyperventilation was 411 1/6 min in both events. The decrease in peak expiratory flow after treadmill-running was 25% and after isocapnic hyperventilation 24%. It is concluded that the ventilation is of more importance for the decrease in pulmonary function after exercise, than the work load.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Reduced norepinephrine response to dynamic exercise in human subjects during O2 breathing.

The purpose of this investigation was to study the influence of hyperoxia on catecholamine response to dynamic exercise. While breathing either 21 or 100% O2 seven subjects performed submaximal bicycle exercise. Arterial blood pressure was similar in both exercise experiments. The CO2 output was not influenced by 100% O2 breathing, but increments in plasma lactate concentration were reduced. The increases in plasma norepinephrine and epinephrine concentrations and heart rate were significantly lower during 100% O2 than during 21% O2 breathing. The results suggest that O2 plays an important role in the regulation of sympathetic nervous activity during dynamic exercise in humans.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Variations in single fibre areas and fibre composition in needle biopsies from the human quadriceps muscle.

Cross-sectional area of a single fibres and the fibre distribution were measured for the two main types of fibres in needle biopsies from the quadriceps muscle of ten healthy young males. Methodological errors expressed as coefficient of variation (CV) of a single value for the area measurements were analysed and found to be 2.4% including the intraindividual error in handling the planimeter. An inhomogeneity in distribution and size of the fibres within the quadriceps muscle was indicated by a CV within the same section of 6-8% and between repeated biopsies of 15-20%.

Biopsy, Needle↗
PubMed1980

Maximal oxygen consumption rate in patients with bronchial asthma-the effect of beta 2-adrenoreceptor stimulation.

Five young male patients with exercise-induced asthma (EIA) were subjected to graded bicycle exercise with work loads corresponding to 50%, 75% and 120% of the load necessary to elicit maximal oxygen uptake (Vo2 max). The exercise tests were performed after inhalation of salbutamol (Ventoline) as well as after inhalation of saline as control. Additionally two maximal work tests (bicycling and treadmill) were performed without inhalation on a work load corresponding to 100% Vo2 max. Oxygen uptake (Vo2) heart rate (HR), mean blood pressure (MBP), rating of perceived exertion (RPE) as well as arterial concentration of glucose and acid-base variables were measured. Vo2 max during bicycle exercise averaged 3.16 l/min and no significant difference was disclosed between the beta 2-stimulation and the control situations. The coefficient of variation of a single Vo2 max measurement was 4.7%. The maximal treadmill running revealed a significantly higher Vo2 max (3.42 l/min, P less than 0.05) than during bicycling; no EIA was provoked in any of the experiments. After beta 2-stimulation a higher HR and MBP in relation to Vo2 was observed than in the control experiment; however, the slope of HR/Vo2 and MBP/Vo2 relationships was not affected. Normal relationships were observed between Vo2 and work load, ventilation, RPE and acid-base data and these relations were unaffected of beta 2-stimulation. It is concluded, that Vo2 max seems to be within the normal range in asthmatics, provided they are free from attacks.

Adrenergic beta-Agonists↗
PubMed1980

Computerized tomographic determination of human thigh components. The effects of immobilization in plaster and subsequent physical training.

Thigh components were estimated by computerized tomography (CT) as well as by anthropometry in two healthy male soccer players (23--29 years), who for 5 weeks had one knee immobilized in a plaster of Paris. The investigations were performed on both thighs just after removal of the cast and after 5 weeks physical training of the inactivated quadriceps muscle. The different components were easily identified on a transverse scan through the middle of the thigh. The quadriceps muscle was 26% smaller after removal of the cast in the inactivated leg as compared with the contralateral leg; no differences were observed in the remaining thigh components. After rehabilitation a specific increase (22%) in the hypotrofic quadriceps muscle was observed, whereas no changes were disclosed in the remaining thigh components. The quadriceps muscle averaged 52% of the lean component in the uninjured thigh, and the subcutaneous part of the total cross-sectional area averaged 15%. The changes in the anthropometrically determined thigh components paralleled those observed by the CT scanning procedure. It is concluded that the loss in the lean thigh volume during immobilization in plaster cast is exclusively due to waste of the quadriceps muscle. CT scanning comprises a new valid tool to study changes in thigh components.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Microphotometric determination of glycogen in single fibres of human quadriceps muscle.

A technique for the quantitation of glycogen in single fibres of human skeletal muscle is described. By using microphotometry the loss of glycogen from cryostat sections during a PAS-staining procedure was shown to be negligible. Further, it was found that nearly all the PAS-positive material (98.5%) inside a muscle fibre is glycogen. A significantly higher mean glycogen concentration (P less than 0.001) was found in type II fibres than in type I fibres in the resting quadriceps muscle of sedentary young males. The coefficient of variation for the glycogen concentration within each fibre type was found to be 17% and 15% for type I and type II respectively. The specificity of the PAS-staining technique for glycogen was confirmed by a statistically significant correlation (r = 0.78, P less than 0.001) between the glycogen concentration measured biochemically and that calculated from microphotometry and area and thickness measurements. With the technique described, it seems possible to measure the glycogen concentration of single muscle fibres in serial sections and to calculate this in standard biochemical terms.

Adult↗