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Biomedical subjects

T Inagaki

Publications and source records attributed to T Inagaki.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

Age-related changes in human spinal ventral horn cells with special reference to the loss of small neurons in the intermediate zone: a quantitative analysis.

A cytoarchitectonic study of spinal ventral horn cells was performed to identify age-related changes. The diameter distribution of ventral horn neurons of the fourth lumbar segment of the spinal cord and their size and topographical distributions were investigated in 14 autopsy cases. These cases represented patients of 18-100 years of age who had died of non-neurological diseases. The results indicate that small neurons widely distributed in the intermediate zone of the ventral horn significantly diminished with aging (P < 0.0005, r = -0.898), whereas medium-sized and large neurons located in the medial and lateral nuclei showed only a slight decrease with advancing age. The total number of neurons in the whole ventral horn was also noted to decrease significantly with aging (P < 0.0005, r = -0.899). While small neurons in the intermediate zone of the ventral horn are thought to be mostly interneurons, their physiological function still remains obscure in many respects. The findings of this study provide insight into age-related cell loss in terms of size and location.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Immunohistochemical localization of carbonic anhydrase isozyme II in rat incisor epithelial cells at various stages of amelogenesis.

Carbonic anhydrase II (CAII) was purified from erythrocytes of male Sprague-Dawley rats, and its localization in rat maxillary incisor epithelial cells at various stages of amelogenesis was studied by means of immunoperoxidase staining using a rat CAII-specific monoclonal antibody. In the most apical portion of the incisor, some CAII immunoreactivity was localized in the outer or inner dental epithelium near the apical loop (i.e., the multiple layer of the outer dental epithelium and the posterior portion of ameloblasts facing the pulp). Immunoreactivity disappeared largely during the presecretory and secretory stages. CAII immunoreactivity appeared suddenly in ameloblasts during the transitional stage between enamel secretion and maturation. Immunoreactivity became intense in both ameloblasts and papillary cells during enamel maturation; the intracellular distribution of CAII was in the cytosol. The CAII signal in these cells was constant until the end of the maturation stage. These findings support the notion that the ameloblasts and papillary cells change into ion transport epithelial cells from the secretory to the maturation stage and that CAII in these cells plays an important role in the regulation of pH.

Amelogenesis↗
PubMed1996

Transfection of wild-type TP53 induces differentiation in human gingival carcinoma cells.

We investigated the effects of transfection of wild-type TP53 on the growth properties of a human gingival carcinoma cell line, KOSC-3, in which the TP53 gene is mutated at codon 248 and overexpressed. The wild-type TP53 expression plasmid, pCDM8-p53/neo and the control plasmid, pCDM8/neo, were each stably transfected into KOSC-3 cells by using the calcium phosphate method. The number of G418-resistant colonies from wild-type TP53-transfected cells was approximately half that from plasmid controls. Exogenous wild-type TP53 transcripts were identified in four of the 20 G418-resistant clones analysed by reverse transcription PCR. Although the growth rates of the wild-type TP53+ clones did not drastically change during log phase, their saturation density was significantly reduced. The wild-type TP53+ cells were morphologically flat and enlarged when cultured in vitro, and were less able to form colonies in soft agar. In nude mice, the wild-type TP53+ clones formed subcutaneous tumours with conspicuous keratinisation and notable cell death that was not manifested in the parental and plasmid control cells. These findings indicate that the wild-type TP53 gene, even when it coexists with a mutated form, may function as a growth suppressor and differentiation inducer under restricted conditions in gingival squamous cell carcinoma.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Uncoupling of biliary lipid from bile acid secretion by formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine in the rat.

A neutrophil chemotactic factor N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP), produced by Escherichia coli under conditions of intestinal inflammation, is reported to circulate enterohepatically in the presence of experimental colitis, but its effect on bile secretion is unclear. Therefore, we investigated the effect of fMLP on bile secretion in a single-pass isolated perfused rat liver system. Infusion of fMLP at different concentrations (2 micromol/L, 10 micromol/L, and 20 micromol/L) into the portal vein resulted in excretion into bile in the native form, independent of sodium taurocholate (1 micromol/min) infusion. Excretion of fMLP increased dose dependently, and approximately 12% of the infused dose was detected at each concentration. With constant infusion of sodium taurocholate (1 micromol/min), fMLP (20 micromol/L) increased bile flow but decreased phospholipid and cholesterol secretion. Bile acid secretion was not affected. Phospholipid/bile acid molar ratios decreased from 0.069 +/- 0.002 to 0.038 +/- 0.002, and cholesterol/bile acid molar ratios decreased from 0.0074 +/- 0.0009 to 0.0029 +/- 0.0008. Thus, administration of fMLP resulted in the uncoupling of biliary excretion of phospholipid and cholesterol from that of bile acids; this effect proved reversible. The increase in bile flow caused by fMLP infusion appeared to result from osmotic choleresis. When 25 mg of horseradish peroxidase, a conventional marker of transcytotic vesicle transport pathway, was infused for 1 minute as a pulse load into the portal vein after continuous infusion of taurocholate, its late peak excretion was reduced by fMLP (10 micromol/L) from 9.59 +/- 1.09 to 6.05 +/- 0.66 (ng/g liver). Gel-permeation chromatography of bile showed a specific association of fMLP with bile acids. These results suggest an uncoupling of biliary lipids from bile acids by fMLP because of inhibition of transcellular vesicle transport and interaction between fMLP and bile acid micelles in the bile canaliculus.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Non-existence of a positive correlation between urinary levels of alpha 1-microglobulin and ulinastatin in patients with Parkinson's disease.

Urinary levels of alpha 1-microglobulin (alpha 1M) and of ulinastatin (UT) and the alpha 1M/UT ratio did not differ significantly between age-matched controls and patients with Parkinson's disease, and among subdivided groups based on Yahr's stages in Parkinson's disease. Furthermore, these indexes did not correlate with Yahr's stages. Although alpha 1M and UT levels did not correlate in patients with Parkinson's disease, a positive correlation was observed in the control group. The non-existence of a positive correlation between alpha 1M and UT levels distinguishes Parkinson's disease from other neuropsychiatric diseases such as dementia (Alzheimer-type and vascular dementia), schizophrenia and mood disorder.

Aged↗
PubMed1996

Bile secretion in rats with indomethacin-induced intestinal inflammation.

The objective of this study was to characterize the bile secretion, including the composition of biliary bile acids, bile salt pool size, and transcytotic vesicle transport, in a rat model of subacute intestinal inflammation induced by indomethacin. Indomethacin treatment significantly decreased bile acid-independent bile flow and biliary secretion of bile acid and cholesterol, while increasing biliary phospholipid output in vivo. Although indomethacin treatment did not change the bile salt pool size in vivo, alpha- and beta-muricholic acids were significantly deceased and hyodeoxycholic and deoxycholic acids were increased in bile. Bile flow and the transport maximum of taurocholate did not decrease, and biliary horseradish peroxidase output was significantly enhanced in isolated perfused livers from indomethacin-treated rats. Endotoxin in the portal blood was significantly increased in rats treated with indomethacin. Clindamycin slightly reduced intestinal inflammation but significantly prevented decreases in bile flow, bile acid output, and transport maximum of taurocholate. We conclude that, although biliary secretory function was apparently decreased in vivo, that of hepatocyte function was maintained in this model.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Neuronal loss in the medullary reticular formation in myotonic dystrophy: a clinicopathological study.

Respiratory insufficiency occurs frequently in patients with myotonic dystrophy (MyD). We have performed a quantitative study of neurons linked to respiratory function in the dorsal central medullary nucleus (DCMN), the ventral central medullary nucleus (VCMN), and the subtrigeminal medullary nucleus (SMN) in seven patients with MyD and eight age-matched controls. Alveolar hypoventilation of the central type occurred in three of the MyD patients but not in the remaining MyD patients or controls. The densities of neurons of the DCMN, the VCMN, and the SMN in MyD patients with hypoventilation were significantly lower than in MyD without hypoventilation and controls. These data suggest the neuronal loss of the DCMN, VCMN, and SMN is associated with the presence of hypoventilation in MyD and may be an important feature of MyD.

Aged↗
PubMed1996

Concanavalin-A-induced open neural tube defects in chick embryos.

Open neural tube defects developed in 12 of 122 alive chick embryos treated with exogenous lectin (concanavalin-A) at stages between 10 or 14 as defined by Hamburger and Hamilton. Embryos treated at stage 10, the time of anterior neuropore closure, developed exencephaly or extensive neural openings from the level of rhombencephalon to the thoracic spinal cord, while embryos treated at stages between 11 and 14, at posterior neuropore closure, developed only small myeloschisis in the thoracolumbar region. The failure of neural tube closure at a critical time is a major cause of neural tube defects.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

[Autopsy findings of pontine lesions in the elderly].

The characteristics of multiple spongy necrosis of the basis pontis (MSN), central pontine myelinolysis (CPM), and cerebrovascular disease (CVD) of the pons developing in the elderly have not been fully clarified. We therefore studied 305 patients (aged 60-107, mean: 83.9) autopsied in Nagoya City Kohseiin Geriatric Hospital. MSN was found in four patients (1.3%). The major histologic finding was multiple necrosis of the basis pontis, characterized by loss of myelin and axons, no reactive astrocytes or inflammatory cells were found. Small foci of spongy necrosis appeared to unite with each other to form larger lesions. The central basis pontis was weakly stained by Klüver-Barrera stain in 15 patients, which suggested the presence of CPM. However, the diagnosis was only confirmed in one patient, (by the myelinolysis, loss of oligodendroglia, infiltration of macrophages, and reactive astrocytosis). With regard to CVD, none of the 305 patients had macroscopic pontine hemorrhage, but histologically small and old hemorrhagic lesions were found in 15. These lesions were associated with hypertensive or arteriosclerotic changes in the pontine vessels. Pontine infarction was evident in 77 patients (25.2%). In most lesions (74%) the area of infarction was smaller than 1 mm2. In 27 of the 74 patients with lacunar or microscopic infarcts, the pontine infarcts were found in areas where the blood was supplied through the short circumferential branch.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1996

[Anemia in elderly patients with malignant tumors].

Complications, prognosis, and efficacy of treatments were retrospectively studied in elderly patients, some of whom had lung, stomach, colon, pancreatic, and liver cancers. Hemoglobin concentration and characteristics of erythrocytes were measured for up to sixty months. Eighty-eight patients died of cancer, and malignant tumors were detected before death in 57. The average survival periods were 11 months for patients with gastric cancer. 9 months for those with colon cancer, and 7 months for those with lung cancer. Malignancies of the digestive organs and lung were often detected in elderly patients with anemia. In elderly people who were without cancer for more than 78 months the hemoglobin concentration did not change significantly, but in those with a malignancy the hemoglobin concentration continuously decreased. Patients with colon cancer who were given blood transfusions survived longer than those who were not given the transfusions, but the same was not true of patients with gastric or lung cancers. Iron therapy, however, was generally effective in patients with malignant tumors of the gastrointestinal tract. Among those who were near death, the red cell distribution widths differed significantly between patients with different types of carcinomas, but differences in mean corpuscular hemoglobin and in mean corpuscular volume were not statistically significant. In conclusion, hemoglobin concentration and characteristics of erythrocytes should not be neglected in the diagnosis and treatment of cancers in the elderly.

Aged↗
PubMed1996

[Sociomedical study of centenarians in Nagoya City].

The purpose of this study was to assess the background to the longevity of 36 centenarians in Nagoya city and to compare 14 institutionalized centenarians out of those 36 with 202 individuals in the 70-99 age group in our special nursing home, particularly with regard to blood chemistry and immunity tests. The reasons for their social longevity in terms of profile appeared to be attention to eating habits, abstention from smoking and drinking, occupations with adequate exercise. The incidence of dementia was 65.6% among them. We evaluated centenarians from the viewpoint of Hasegawa's Dementia Scale (HDS) and comprehensive functional assessment of the elderly consisted of the revised version of Hasegawa's Dementia Scale (HDSR), and examination of activity of daily living (ADL), physical perception, and social life. All were positively associated. Thus centenarians independent of physical assistance demonstrated significantly higher systolic blood pressure, and respective scores for HDS, HDSR, ADL, physical perception and social life than their dependent counterparts, were less likely to be institutionalized and suffered from fewer disorders. In particular none were diagnosed as positive for cerebral hemorrhage, infarction and dementia. Age demonstrated significant positive or negative correlation with the following values in blood chemistry and immunity tests: blood cell counts, hemoglobin concentration, hematocrit value, albumin, total protein, total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, creatinine, blood cell nitrogen, uric acid, helper T cell, and IgA immunoglobulin.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1996

[Changes in erythrocyte structure and in platelets in elderly patients with disseminated intravascular coagulation].

We measured the platelet distribution width, the mean platelet volume, the volume percentage of platelets, and the platelet-to-large-cell ratio in 15 elderly patients with disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). Peripheral venous blood mixed with ehtylenediaminetetraacetic acid was analyzed with a Sysmex E-4000 analyzer. The underlying diseases were sepsis, pneumonia, pyelonephritis, and other inflammatory diseases. The mean duration of survival from the onset of DIC was 16.9 +/- 23.9 days. The distribution of red cell sizes before the onset of DIC did not differ significantly from that in patients without DIC, but fragmentation of erythrocytes on blood films was more common in the early stage of DIC (p < 0.01). Before the onset of DIC, the two groups did not differ significantly in the frequency of giant platelets on blood smears. At the onset of DIC, the platelet distribution width, the mean platelet volume, and the platelet-to-large-cell ratio were significantly higher than in patients without DIC. The concentration of glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase and those of other serum enzymes did not change significantly, but the serum creatinine concentration and the blood urea nitrogen level increased as the platelet-to-large-cell ratio increased. No significant relation was evident between the levels of serum C-reactive protein and creatinine, between the platelet-to-large-cell ratio and the mean volume of red blood cells, or between the platelet-to-large-cell ratio and the distribution of red cell sizes. These data suggest that studies of platelets are more useful in the diagnosis of DIC at early stages of impaired organ function than are other indicators of inflammation such as the level of C-reactive protein.

Aged↗
PubMed1996

[Autopsy findings of atheromatous embolism to the spinal cord].

To study vascular lesions of the spinal cord in the elderly, a pathological study of atheromatous emboli in the spinal cord was done. Among 604 patients examined at autopsy, atheromatous emboli of the spinal cord were found in 7 (1.2%). The average age of these patients was 76 years. The most common underlying disorders in these patients were hypertension, severe aortic atherosclerosis, and diabetes mellitus. Atheromatous emboli were also often found in the arteries of the kidneys, spleen, pancreas, and colon. The small arteries of the spinal arachnoid at the lumbosacral level were most frequently affected by the atheromatous emboli. Two patients had spinal-cord infarctions associated with atheromatous emboli: one had a cystic infarction of the lateral column at the T9 segment, and the other had cystic infarctions of the lateral column at the C7 and T3 segments. The low incidence of spinal cord infarction was attributed to good collateral circulation in the spinal cord. Atheromatous embolism should be considered as a possible cause of vascular lesions of the spinal cord in elderly persons with aortic atherosclerosis.

Aged↗
PubMed1996

[A case of atypical progressive supranuclear palsy with degeneration of the fronto-pontine tracts, and without grumose degeneration of the dentate nucleus].

An autopsy case of progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) with degeneration of the fronto-pontine tracts of the midbrain and pons, and without grumose degeneration of the dentate nucleus is reported. A 72-year-old woman was suffering from dysarthria and gait disturbance. Moderate dementia was noted and gradually worsened. Pyramidal and extrapyramidal signs and cerebellar ataxia were not observed. Eye movements were fully preserved. Brain CT showed cerebellar atrophy. Three years later, she was unable to stand or move, and became mutistic. At the age of 75, she died suddenly. The duration of her illness was approximately 4 years. Clinical diagnosis was LCCA (late cortical cerebellar atrophy). Neuropathological examination revealed gliosis of the deep layers of the cerebral cortex around the precentral gyrus, fronto-pontine tracts degeneration (posterior part of the anterior crus, genu and anterior part of the posterior crus of the internal capsule, cerebral peduncles of the midbrain, pontine base and pyramis of the medulla oblongata). Also, atrophy of the pons and marked degeneration of the superior colliculi and substantia nigra were observed. Neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) and glial fibrillary tangles (GFTs) were found in the subcortical nuclei. These findings were almost consistent with PSP. However, the following differed from those of previously reported typical PSP cases: firstly, mild gliosis in the reticular formation of the midbrain; secondly, few NFTs in the pontine nuclei and superior colliculi and; thirdly, no grumose degeneration in the dentate nucleus. In addition, clinical symptoms of the present case are not consistent with PSP. Therefore, we concluded this case to be an atypical PSP both clinically and neuropathologically.

Aged↗
PubMed1996

[Pitfalls of three-dimensional computed tomographic angiography as an examination for cerebral aneurysm surgery].

Three-dimensional computed tomography (3D-CT) has recently become available and is being increasingly applied in the field of neuroradiology. One of the procedures, 3D-CT angiography (3D-CTA), has been reported to be more advantageous aneurysms. Some investigators insist that conventional angiography is no longer needed to make the diagnosis. We recently experienced cases in which we were misled or found it difficult to judge the relationship between the aneurysm and surrounding structures by 3D-CTA. Our findings can be summed up as follows: 1) two aneurysms in contact with each other could not be opacified separately, 2) the perforators were hardly opacified at all making it impossible to judge the relationship between the aneurysms and these vessels, an assessment which is very important for delicate operations, 3) the origin of A2 was not clearly opacified as being separate from that another near by aneurysm, 4)part of the severely tortuous middle cerebral artery was interpreted as an aneurysm shadow, 5) even M2 is sometimes not well opacified. In conclusion, 3D-CTA itself is not always a satisfactory method of evaluating the relationship between a cerebral aneurysm and its surrounding vessels. Misleading findings should be kept in mind during direct observation at surgery.

Aged↗
PubMed1996

[Serial changes of SPECT and MRI findings in a patient with herpes simplex encephalitis].

We report a case of herpes simplex encephalitis in which the patient was repeatedly examined by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). The patient was a 36 year-old woman who had been transferred to our institution 6 days after the onset of symptoms with mild consciousness disturbance, nuchal rigidity, and high fever. Cerebrospinal fluid examination revealed an elevated mononuclear cell count with normal sugar concentration. Intravenous aciclovir was started 7 days after the onset of symptoms. The initial plain computed tomography (CT) scans did not reveal any abnormal findings, but contrast enhanced CT the next day showed a slight enhancement effect around the affected middle cerebral artery. Serial MRI showed the initial high intensity lesion starting on the medial cortex of the temporal lobe, then spreading to throughout the entire temporal lobe. During this period SPECT showed a marked, broad hot spot in the temporal lobe. The medial temporal lobe was high density on the CT 15 days after the onset. As the encephalitic lesion spread more laterally, the hot spot on SPECT moved laterally and then decreased in activity. Eleven weeks after the onset, the MRI showed intracerebral vacuolization of the lesion and it appeared as a wide cold spot on SPECT. The cause of the hot spot seen in the acute period was thought to be vasoparalysis of the affected area rather than breakdown of the blood-brain barrier, or impaired washout of the isotope, because the SPECT images after acetazolamide administration showed the cold spot even in the subacute phase.

Adult↗