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Biomedical subjects

T Inagaki

Publications and source records attributed to T Inagaki.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed2001

EXAFS study of crystal structures of (Ba1-xLax)2In2O5+x and their oxide ion conductivity.

Crystal structures of(Ba1-xLax)2In2O5+x (x=0.00, 0.20, 0.30, 0.40, 0.50) were analyzed by EXAFS and the powder X-ray Rietveld method. A Fourier transform of In K-edge EXAFS data from (Ba1-xLax)2In2O5+x showed a peak between 1.2 and 2.0 A attributed to the nearest oxide ions around In3+ cation. The peak as back-Fourier transformed, and the structural parameters were refined by the least square fitting. The coordination number of In3+ cation increases with increasing La3+ cation) content. This means oxygen is introduced at interstitial site by keeping an electroneutrality. As a result of the oxygen distribution, the oxide ion vacancies distribute randomly. The electrical conductivities of (Ba1-xLax)2In2O5 rapidly increased above 1203 K due to the order-disorder transition of oxygen vacancy. On the other hand, the electrical conductivities of (Ba1-xLax)2In2O5+x (x=0.20, 0.30, 0.35. 0.40, 0.45, 0.50) did not show the sharp discontinuity in the conductivity because the disorder phase of defective perovskite type structure was stabilized by doping La3+ cations at A-site even at low temperature.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2001

Neuronal and glial advanced glycation end product [Nepsilon-(carboxymethyl)lysine]] in Alzheimer's disease brains.

The cellular distribution of an advanced glycation end product [Nepsilon-(carboxymethyl)lysine (CML)] in aged and Alzheimer's disease (AD) brains was assessed immunohistochemically. CML was localized in the cytoplasm of neurons, astrocytes, and microglia in both aged and AD brains. Glial deposition was far more marked in AD brains than in aged brains, and neuronal deposition was also increased. On electron microscopic immunohistochemistry, neuronal CML formed granular or linear deposits associated with lipofuscin, and glial deposits formed lines around the vacuoles. Neuronal and glial deposits were prominent throughout the cerebral cortex and hippocampus, but were sparse in the putamen, globus pallidus, substantia nigra, and cerebellum, with glial deposits being far more prominent in AD brains. The distribution of neuronal and glial deposits did not correspond with the distribution of AD pathology. The extent of CML deposits was inversely correlated with neurofibrillary tangle formation, particularly in the hippocampus. Most hippocampal pyramidal neurons with neurofibrillary tangles did not have CML, and most of the neurons with heavy CML deposits did not have neurofibrillary tangles. In the hippocampus, neuronal CML was prominent in the region where neuronal loss was mild. These observations suggest that CML deposition does not directly cause neurofibrillary tangle formation or neuronal loss in AD.

Aged↗
PubMed2001

Decrease of neurons in the medullary arcuate nucleus in myotonic dystrophy.

Respiratory insufficiency has been reported frequently in patients with myotonic dystrophy (MyD). Recent data support the hypothesis that this respiratory failure results from a primary dysfunction of the central nervous system. The medullary arcuate nucleus (ARC) has been shown to be involved in the regulation of respiration. We performed a quantitative study of neurons in the ARC in eight MyD patients, ten control subjects with other neurological diseases (control group A) and eight control subjects without neurological diseases (control group B). Alveolar hypoventilation of the central type occurred in three of the MyD patients but not in the remaining MyD patients or controls. The density of neurons in the ARC in MyD patients with hypoventilation was significantly lower than in MyD patients without hypoventilation and control groups A and B. There was no significant difference in the neuronal density of the ARC between MyD patients without hypoventilation and control groups A and B. These data suggest that the neuronal loss of the ARC is associated with the presence of hypoventilation in MyD.

Aged↗
PubMed2001

Inhibition of spinal N-acetylated-alpha-linked acidic dipeptidase produces an antinociceptive effect in the rat formalin test.

N-acetyl-aspartyl-glutamate is a putative neurotransmitter and acts as a weak agonist at the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor. N-acetyl-aspartyl-glutamate also acts as an agonist at the metabotropic glutamate receptor 3. N-acetyl-aspartyl-glutamate is hydrolyzed by N-acetylated-alpha-linked acidic dipeptidase to liberate N-acetyl-aspartate and glutamate. Recently, a specific inhibitor of N-acetylated-alpha-linked acidic dipeptidase, 2-(phosphonomethyl)pentanedioic acid, has been reported. In the present study, we examined the effect of i.t. administered 2-(phosphonomethyl)pentanedioic acid in the rat formalin test (a model of inflammatory pain) and the rat hot plate test. In the formalin test, drugs were administered 10min before (pre-treatment study) or 7min after (post-treatment study) the formalin injection. The paw formalin injection induces biphasic flinching (phase 1: 0-2min; phase 2: 10-60min) of the injected paw. In the pre-treatment study, i.t. administered 2-(phosphonomethyl)pentanedioic acid depressed both phases 1 and 2 flinching behavior in a dose-dependent manner but 2-(phosphonomethyl)pentanedioic acid had no effect on the flinching behavior in the post-treatment study. In the pre-treatment study, the potency of 2-(phosphonomethyl)pentanedioic acid in depressing the phase 2 response is greater than that in depressing the phase 1 response. Intrathecal injection of 2-(phosphonomethyl)pentanedioic acid had no effect in the hot plate test. We suggest that N-acetylated-alpha-linked acidic dipeptidase plays an important role in spinal nociceptive transmission and that inhibition of spinal N-acetylated-alpha-linked acidic dipeptidase produces an antinociceptive effect during the rat formalin test but not during the hot plate test.

Analgesics↗
PubMed2001

Changes in the regression slope correlating between urinary contents of alpha-1-microglobulin and ulinastatin and its relation to severity in mood disorders.

With mood disorders, clinical portrayals alone do not always reflect the exact state and progress of the disease. The present study attempted to evaluate whether changes in regression slope correlating between urinary contents of alpha-1-microglobulin and ulinastatin provided objective information on the severity of mood disorders, based on our previous findings that the regression slope was more steeply inclined in patients with mood disorders than in age-matched healthy subjects. As a result, a close association between scores of the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression and the regression slopes was found: the more inclined the slope, the greater the severity of symptoms of depression. These results suggest that changes in the slope of the regression plot correlating between urinary contents of alpha 1 M and UT may afford a useful objective index when monitoring the state of patients with mood disorders.

Alpha-Globulins↗
PubMed2001

Five-year survival of older people with anemia: variation with hemoglobin concentration.

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the significance of low hemoglobin concentration and longevity in older people. DESIGN: Randomized prospective study. SETTING: Nursing home and geriatric hospital ward in a metropolitan welfare center. PARTICIPANTS: Apparently stable older residents from 1990 to 1996. MEASUREMENTS: Survival rates were estimated by statistical analysis. Sixty-three older subjects with low hemoglobin (Hb<11 g/dl) and age/sex-matched normal controls (Hb> or =11 g/dl) were observed for 60 months. Scores of activities of daily living (ADLs) did not significantly differ between the two groups. Cerebrovascular disease was the main complication in both, and malignant neoplasms were not apparent initially. RESULTS: After 60 months, the 5-year survival rate (FSR) of normal controls was significantly higher than that of cases with anemia (P =.0078). FSR was 67% in normal controls and 48% in anemic individuals age 70 to 79. The figures for individuals age 80 to 89 were 62% and 41%, respectively, and for individuals age 90 to 99 were 25% and 13%, respectively, the survival rate significantly decreasing with age in both groups (P <.001). FSR with severe anemia (Hb< or = 8.9 g/dl) was 0% in males, and 27% in females. Values for moderate anemia (9.0 g/dl to 10.9 g/dl) were 25% and 51%, respectively, for normal hemoglobin (11.0 g/dl to 12.9 g/dl) were 44% and 61%, respectively, and for high hemoglobin (13.0 g/dl< or =Hb) were 50% and 70%, respectively. Advanced carcinomas were often detected at autopsy in anemic individuals. No death by cancer occurred in normal controls. CONCLUSION: Low hemoglobin concentration predicts early death in nursing home residents. Anemia-associated conditions that might be life-threatening risks in older people require further investigation.

Actuarial Analysis↗
PubMed2001

Serum contents of the free forms of alpha(1)-microglobulin and ulinastatin: relation to diseased states in patients with mood disorders.

We have found previously that the relationship between the urinary contents of alpha(1)-microglobulin (alpha(1)M) and ulinastatin (UT) in patients with mood disorder differs from that of age-matched healthy subjects. However, it has yet to be determined whether or not the difference in the relation correlates with the contents of the free forms of alpha(1)M and UT in serum and whether changes in the existing forms of alpha(1)M and UT in serum reflect the actual disease states. The relation between serum contents of the free forms of alpha(1)M and UT in 10 patients with mood disorders was different from that of 17 age-matched healthy subjects. The regression plot between scores of the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression and ratios of the free form content to total content (F/T ratio) of UT was more informative on the depressive state than that of alpha(1)M. The F/T ratios of UT may afford a useful objective index in monitoring the diseased state of a patient with mood disorder.

Biomarkers↗
PubMed2001

An ectopic ACTH-producing carcinoid tumor localized by the measurement of ACTH in the bronchial lavage.

We report a case of an ectopic ACTH-producing carcinoid in the lung. Typical Cushingoid appearance, elevated plasma ACTH and serum cortisol, bilateral enlargement of the adrenal glands, absence of pituitary adenoma and negativity in petrosus sinus venous sampling indicated the ectopic ACTH syndrome. Venous samplings from a lung tumor which was detected by the chest X-ray, did not show any step-up of ACTH. However, ACTH concentration in the bronchoscopic lavage was as high as that in the peripheral blood. Removal of the tumor, which was an ACTH producing carcinoid, resulted in normalization of ACTH and cortisol concentrations. Measurement of ACTH in the bronchoscopic lavage was useful for the diagnosis of ectopic ACTH-producing tumor.

ACTH Syndrome, Ectopic↗
PubMed2001

Contents and uptake rates of Mn, Fe, Co, Zn, and Se in Se-deficient rat liver cell fractions.

The contents of manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), zinc (Zn), and selenium (Se) in nuclear (NU), mitochondrial (MT), microsomal (MC), and cytosolic (CS) fractions of liver homogenates of normal and selenium-deficient (SeD) rats were determined by instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA). The uptake rates of these elements in the liver cell fractions of both groups of rats were determined by multitracer analysis (MTA). The results indicated that Se-deficiency caused a significant increase in the content of Fe in the MC fractions. The MTA showed that the uptake rate of Fe was highest in the MC fraction, and that the uptake rate in the fraction was similar between the SeD and normal rats.

Alanine Transaminase↗
PubMed2001

[Music therapy induced alternations in natural killer cell count and function].

The effects of music therapy on natural killer (NK) cell count and activity (NKCA) were studied in 19 persons. Alzheimer's disease, cerebrovessel disease and Parkinson's disease subjects were assigned to a music therapy. Blood samples were drawn at rest and after completion of music therapy. Music therapy did not change the number of circulating lymphocytes. The percentage of NK cells increased during music therapy, along with an increase in the NK cell activity. The proportion of T cells, CD4 and CD8 did not change significantly during music therapy. One hour after the music therapy session, plasma adrenaline increased but cortisol and noradrenalin did not change. The results indicate that music therapy can significantly increase NK cell count and activity. The change in NK cell and function were independent of neuro-degenerative diseases.

Aged↗
PubMed2001

A new antibiotic CJ-17,665 from Aspergillus ochraceus.

A new antibiotic, CJ-17,665 (I) was isolated from the fermentation broth of Aspergillus ochraceus, CL41582. It inhibits growth of multi-drug resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, and Enterococcus faecalis, with MICs of 12.5, 12.5 and 25 microg/ml, respectively. The structure contains a diketopiperazine and an indole N-oxide moiety that is unusual in natural products.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗