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Biomedical subjects

T Imfeld

Publications and source records attributed to T Imfeld.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1996

Dental erosion. Definition, classification and links.

An overview of tooth wear, i.e. of non-carious destructive processes affecting the teeth including abrasion, demastication, attrition, abfraction, resorption and erosion is presented. The nomenclature and classification of dental erosion commonly used in the dental literature are summarized. They are based on etiology (extrinsic, intrinsic, idiopathic), on clinical severity (Classes I to III), on pathogenetic activity (manifest, latent) or on localization (perimolysis). Interactions between erosion and abrasion, demastication, attrition, and abfraction as well as caries and low salivary flow rate are highlighted.

Acids↗
PubMed1996

Prevention of progression of dental erosion by professional and individual prophylactic measures.

The key elements for the establishment of a preventive program for patients suffering from erosion are described on pathophysiologic grounds. These elements aim 1) to diminish frequency and severity of acid challenge, 2) enhance salivary flow, 3) to enhance acid resistance, remineralization and rehardening by fluoride application, 4) to offer chemical protection by buffering substances, 5) to minimize abrasion, 6) to offer mechanical protection. Recommendations for prophylactic measures are made as a conclusion and summarized in the form of check-lists.

Buffers↗
PubMed1996

Dental erosion, summary.

Although reports on dental erosion have always appeared in the dental literature, there is currently a growing interest among researchers and clinicians. Potential risk factors for dental erosion are changed lifestyle and eating patterns, with increased consumption of acidic foods and beverages. Various gastrointestinal and eating disorders expose the dentition to frequent contacts with very acidic gastric content, which may lead to erosion. Whether these factors indeed lead, on a population scale, to a higher prevalence and incidence of erosion is yet to be established. This article summarizes the different aspects of the prevalence, pathology, etiology, assessment, prevention and treatment of dental erosion, and concludes with recommendations for future research.

Acids↗
PubMed1996

Acidogenic potential and total salivary carbohydrate content of expectorants following the consumption of some cereal-based foods and fruits.

The acidogenic potential of a group of popular cereal-based foods and fruits and total carbohydrate content of salivary expectorants following their consumption were assessed using an indwelling electrode with telemetry and the anthrone method. Paired t tests indicated that sorbitol did not cause the plaque pH to fall as low as any of the test foods (p <0.05) but there was no significant difference between sucrose and the test foods. Only the fruits produced less acid than sucrose. The breakfast cereals tended to yield the highest levels of total carbohydrate in the salivary expectorants although a greater percentage of original carbohydrate was retained after rice and bread. These results suggest the important effect of carbohydrate retention on plaque pH response.

Acids↗
PubMed1995

Effect of urea in sugar-free chewing gums on pH recovery in human dental plaque evaluated with three different methods.

The aim of this investigation was to study the effect of sugar-free chewing gums containing various amounts of urea on the pH recovery in dental plaque. Three plaque-measuring methods were used, i.e., the telemetric, the microtouch, and the sampling methods. The subjects who had refrained from toothbrushing for 3-7 days rinsed with either 10 or 50% (w/v) sucrose solutions and then chewed for 10 min: (1) one piece of chewing gum in a series of six tests in which the urea content increased from 10 to 80 mg per piece of gum: (2) one or two pieces of gum containing 20 mg urea, and (3) one, two, or three pieces of gum, one after the other, containing 20 mg urea. In some of the test series, a conventional sugarless gum was used as a control. A quick rise in plaque pH was found with all urea-containing chewing gums within the first minutes of chewing, and neutralization continued during the whole 10-min chewing periods. Higher concentrations of urea resulted in more pronounced pH recovery. Slightly higher plaque pH values were found when chewing on two pieces at a time of a 20-mg urea gum was compared with only one piece. Significantly higher pH values were recorded when using three pieces of chewing gum, one after the other (10 + 10 + 10 min), as compared with two pieces (10 + 10 min) or just one piece (10 min). In conclusion, all sugar-free chewing gums tested, particularly the urea-containing ones, initiated a pronounced pH recovery in dental plaque when chewed after a sucrose rinse.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Acid-Base Equilibrium↗
PubMed1995

[The subjective evaluation of oral health in 40- to 69-year-old subjects. A representative survey of 600 persons in German- and French-speaking Switzerland].

Individual oral hygiene, professional dental care and subjective satisfaction with the oral health were investigated in 600 persons representative for the German- and French-speaking population of Switzerland. They cleaned their teeth on average 2.4 x per day, 85% had a "family dentist" whom they had last visited 14.6 months ago and who works to their full satisfaction. On average, every 13.5 month they underwent professional cleaning of their teeth which was performed in 55% by their dentist and in 45% by a dental hygienist. They were well satisfied with the condition of their teeth and gums and even better so with their reconstructions. In 1984 a gap of consumption of toothbrushes and toothpastes had been apparent in over 50-year-old people. Today this is just visible in the over 60 year old. 40 to 60 year old people care for their oral hygiene and regularly go to professional control and cleaning appointments. Only over 60 year old people are consuming slightly less dental services and buying less toothbrushes and toothpastes. Turning points are loss of teeth, retirement, isolation and sharp cuts in income.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

[Mercury emission measurements in a crematorium. The dentistry aspects].

The amount of mercury released during cremation was calculated in a major Swiss city at two crematoria. A total of 60 mercury "output" calculations were carried out by the Swiss Material Testing Institute (Empa). The amount of mercury initially present ("input") in the dentitions of 54 deceased persons was assessed from their post-mortem dental radiographs and by clinical examination. The correlation between the "input" and the "output" was 0.93, irrespective of the age at death. However, the "input" was calculated to be 1.8 times higher than the "output" for the deceased people with amalgam restorations. In the blind study, the difference was 1.3 times. The main source of mercury was undoubtedly the amalgam restorations. The amount of mercury recorded during the cremation of 88% of the deceased people without amalgam restorations was under the accepted level of 200 micrograms/m3. However, in 3 cases, the amount of mercury was slightly more than 200 micrograms/m3. In contrast, the amount of mercury recorded during the cremation of only 18% of the deceased people with amalgam restorations was less than the accepted level of 200 micrograms/m3. The amount of mercury contamination during cremation as a result of amalgam fillings is so low that no additional preventive measures are required at the crematoria.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

[Prophylaxis pastes--the new abrasive Perlit compared to conventional polishing substances].

Perlit is a new dental abrasive, based on volcanic silica. It has a flat, irregular disc-shaped structure which fractures readily in use. Individual discs tend to become oriented parallel to the tooth surface during use while the rough edges also become rounded. A Perlit-based prophylactic paste thus produces polished surfaces although it also has excellent cleaning properties on both enamel and dentin when used with either rubber polishing cups or bristle brushes. The Perlit-based prophy paste, Cleanic, yielded the best results when compared to other prophy pastes during laboratory test scored with the Prophylaxis Paste Index (PPI: Cleaning efficacy: [Abrasivity x Surface roughness]). Consequently, Perlit-based prophy pastes can be used initially as cleaning pastes and the same portion will subsequently polish the dental surfaces as well. Thus Perlit nullifies the rule that an efficient cleaning paste will be abrasive and must produce a roughened dental surface.

Aluminum Oxide↗
PubMed1994

Cariogenicity tests.

An American Dental Association Scientific Consensus Conference on Methods for the Assessment of the Cariogenic Potential (CP) of Foods was held in San Antonio, Texas, in 1985. The aim was to establish a scientific consensus regarding methods to assess the CP of foods. As a result, a sequential food-testing program was proposed involving Animal Caries, Human Plaque Acidity, and Demineralization/Remineralization Models. Two categories of CP--namely, no CP and low CP--were included. The test protocol has hardly been followed since, primarily because the category of low CP was not considered useful in dietary counseling. It is advocated that research into possible caries-preventive factors of food will be more beneficial for improvements of the oral health of the general population than assessments of low CP.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

[Oral health: self-care and dental care: strategies for the patient and the practice. A continuing education course of the Division for Preventive Dentistry, Periodontology and Cariology, the Dentistry Institute of the University of Zurich in cooperation with the Clinic for Periodontology and Dental Bridgework, the Dental Clinics of the University of Bern and the Study Club ARP of 29 and 30 October 1993 in Zurich-Regensdorf: A factual summary].

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Dental Care↗
PubMed1993

Evaluation of the efficacy of interdental cleaning devices. How to design a clinical study.

A review of the literature was made, focusing on experimental designs used in clinical studies for assessment of the efficacy of interdental cleaning aids with regard to plaque removal and the prevention of caries and gingivitis. After careful consideration of the pros and cons of published procedures, an experimental design for such studies is proposed.

Clinical Trials as Topic↗
PubMed1993

pH changes in human dental plaque from lactose and milk before and after adaptation.

pH changes in human dental plaque in vivo from lactose and milk have been studied in four separate mouthrinse experiments. (1) pH was measured in plaque samples of 12 subjects before and after 6 weeks of frequent daily mouthrinsing with 10% lactose. The pH decreases were significantly more pronounced after the adaptation period than before (p < 0.001), 4 of the 12 subjects showing about the same low plaque pH from lactose as from glucose. (2) Similar to the previous experiment, frequent daily mouthrinsing with low-fat bovine milk in 10 subjects resulted in more pronounced pH decreases in plaque after an adaptation period of 4 weeks (p < 0.001). (3) Single mouthrinses, without any prior adaptation, with bovine standard milk, human breast milk, lactose-hydrolysed bovine standard milk, 5% lactose and 5% sucrose were compared regarding the effect on plaque pH in 7 subjects. All solutions resulted in pH falls. The most pronounced were found with sucrose, followed by the lactose-hydrolysed milk. (4) Bovine standard milk, 5% lactose and 10% sucrose were compared after a single mouthrinse in 5 subjects using interdental plaque pH wire telemetry. Lactose and milk were fermented more slowly than sucrose. In a separate study, acid production from lactose was also measured in two oral strains each of Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus salivarius and Streptococcus sanguis. The results from these experiments indicated that at least part of the lactose transport and catabolism in all studied streptococcus strains seems to be regulated by inducible enzymes.

Adaptation, Biological↗
PubMed1993

Efficacy of sweeteners and sugar substitutes in caries prevention.

The caries-preventive efficacy of sweeteners and sugar substitutes is not clearly established on an epidemiological scale. A review of cariogenicity assessments in vitro and in vivo as well as of human clinical caries trials, however, clearly demonstrates that the replacement of sugar by such products has a caries-preventive effect. The clinical relevance of some bacteriostatic and/or cariostatic properties ascribed to saccharin, aspartame, and xylitol remains to be corroborated.

Aspartame↗