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Biomedical subjects

T Imai

Publications and source records attributed to T Imai.

At least 829 records · Page 46Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

[A case presenting manifestations of bulbospinal muscular atrophy with senile onset, rapid progression and marked asymmetry].

A 64-year-old man was admitted to our department because of muscle cramp, atrophy and weakness of the limbs together with difficulty in walking, which had gradually progressed from age 60. About 1 year prior to admission, he had noticed hand tremor and gynecomastia. On admission, neurological examination revealed diffuse muscle atrophy and weakness of the extremities, which were more obvious on the right side with preponderance in the right leg. Bilateral postural hand tremor was also more prominent on the right hand. Fasciculations were observed both in the extremities and tongue. The remaining cranial nerves and cerebellar functions were intact. Sensation was normal except for slightly decreased vibratory sense in the distal part of the legs. Deep tendon reflexes including jaw jerk were increased with the exception of hyporeflexia of the right leg. Babinski sign was negative bilaterally. Blood examination disclosed slight elevation of CK and fasting glucose level of 110 mg/dl. Glucose tolerance test showed a diabetic pattern. CSF examination showed total protein of 74 mg/dl and IgG of 12 mg/dl. On a series of endocrinological studies, there was no significant elevation of androgen and estrogen both in serum and urine except for slight elevation of serum E1 level. Serum LH and FSH, however, were markedly high, which responded far beyond the normal range following to 0.1 mg injection of LH-RH. These results suggested that gynecomastia might be caused by dysfunction of the hypothalamus-hypophysis system. Brain CT and spine MRI showed no abnormality. Muscle biopsy obtained from the right quadriceps femoris revealed neurogenic abnormalities.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Age Factors↗
PubMed1988

[A case of pseudo-Bartter's syndrome associated with hypokalemic myopathy].

A case of pseudo-Bartter's syndrome associated with hypokalemic myopathy was presented. A 37-year-old housewife was admitted to our hospital because of muscle cramps with muscle weakness and tetany. There was a history of facial edema and constipation, which have been managed with "Kanpo medicine (Chinese medicine)" and laxatives for several years. The patient was amenorrhea 3 months before entry. She began to experience muscle weakness and muscle cramps associated with gait disturbance 2 or 3 months before admission. On physical examination, she was thin with positive Trousseau's and Chvostek's signs. Laboratory studies revealed hypokalemia, low urinary excretion of potassium, hypocalcemia, metabolic alkalosis, elevated creatine phosphokinase (CPK), increased levels of plasma renin activity and plasma aldosterone concentration, and decreased sensitivity to pressor effect of angiotensin II. Potassium supplementation resulted in restoration of her symptoms and normalization of low serum calcium and elevated CPK levels. She was diagnosed to be pseudo-Bartter's syndrome due to anorexia nervosa. The mechanism(s) of hypokalemia in our case was discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

[Study on galactorrhea-amenorrhea syndrome (GAS) with special reference to normoprolactinemic GAS].

In order to clarify the mechanism(s) which causes galactorrhea and amenorrhea in patients with Galactorrhea-Amenorrhea Syndrome (GAS) (Group A, n = 20), composed of Chiari-Frommel Syndrome (CFS) (Subgroup I, n = 3), Argonz-del Castillo Syndrome (ADCS) (Subgroup II, n = 5) and Drug-induced Galactorrhea-Amenorrhea (DIG) (Subgroup III, n = 12), we analysed basal plasma prolactin (PRL) and gonadotropin levels and their responsiveness to TRH and LH-RH, respectively in GAS patients. In addition, another group of galactorrhea patients without amenorrhea (Group B, n = 29) was selected, and further divided into three subgroups; subgroup I (n = 7) with persisting postpartum lactation, subgroup II (n = 7) of idiopathic galactorrhea, and subgroup III (n = 15) induced by drug administration. There were found unexpectedly high frequencies of normoprolactinemic patients (less than 23.7 ng/ml) in 40% of GAS (66.7% in CFS, 40% in ADCS, and 33.3% in DIG). The PRL responsiveness to TRH, evaluated by % delta PRL (peak PRL - basal PRL/basal PRL X 100), tended to be high in ADCS and DIG (group after discontinuation of drugs) compared with those of normal subjects (n = 12) and patients with primary hypothyroidism (n = 21). PRL response was almost normal in CFS or DIG (group during drug administration). Basal level of plasma gonadotropin in GAS was comparable to that of normal subjects. However, responsiveness of gonadotropin to LH-RH in GAS tended to be high compared with that of normal subjects. The patients in group B (subgroup I-III) demonstrated almost parallel responses of PRL and gonadotropin, respectively, to those of corresponded subgroups in group A. From the present results, we concluded that; 1) It seems likely that frequency of normoprolactinemic patients in GAS (Group A) is surprisingly high. 2) A still unclarified mechanism(s) for the occurrence of galactorrhea, not explained solely by plasma radioimmunoassayable PRL level and/or hyperresponsiveness of PRL to stimuli, may operate on a considerably large number of group A patients. 3) Decreased gonadotropin secretion at pituitary level seems not to be a main cause of menstrual abnormality in group A patients. 4) The same mechanism(s) as in group A patients may cause galactorrhea in group B patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Multiple functioning paraganglioma associated with polycythemia.

Multiple retroperitoneal functioning paraganglioma complicated by polycythemia is reported in the case of a girl who, at the age of 13 years complained of headache, palpitation, and faintness preoperatively. In the retroperitoneal cavity, there were 21 paragangliomas larger than 1 cm in diameter. All were removed surgically in two sections, the first in 1979 and the second in 1983. Bilateral adrenals were macroscopically normal, and her symptoms disappeared. Now the recurrence of retroperitoneal paraganglioma is likely, although there have been no symptoms for 8 years, since the first operation. It is difficult to conclude that the tumors were benign or malignant in this case. Though complication of polycythemia had been diagnosed before the operation, the symptom continued even with the serum erythropoietin level kept in the normal range. Association of polycythemia with paraganglioma is extremely rare, and it is also rare to find more than 10 paragangliomas. Only a limited number of reports have been made on each case in the literature.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Electron microscopic observations in in situ and microinvasive bronchogenic squamous cell carcinoma.

Seventeen cases of resected in situ and microinvasive bronchogenic squamous cell carcinoma were studied by light and electron microscopy. No definite secretory differentiation was found in any case. Examination of the tumour cells in the basal layer for electron density of cytoplasm, intercellular spaces, and degree of development of cytoplasmic processes showed a variety of cells ranging from type I, where the cytoplasm was dark, development of cytoplasmic processes was good, and the intercellular spaces were large, to type III, where cytoplasmic processes and intercellular spaces were less well developed and the cells were mostly of clear cell type. The tendency to invasion was greater in type III than type I and there was also more marked cellular atypia, more extensive dissolution of basement membrane, a larger number of mitotic figures per 3000 cells in the basal layer, and greater enlargement of nuclear and cytoplasmic areas. A good rank correlation coefficient was obtained. Small dense-core granules were observed in some cases. These finding suggest the strong possibility that cell kinetics and cellular morphology are related to the development of squamous cell carcinoma.

Aged↗
PubMed1988

Ultrastructural study of chromatolytic neurons in an adult-onset sporadic case of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

Ultrastructural features of chromatolytic neurons observed in a sporadic case with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) are reported. A 70-year-old woman died of weakness and atrophy of the four limbs, bulbar and facial muscles, and hyperreflexia, of 3 1/2 years' duration. Neuronal loss was marked in the anterior horn of the spinal cord, with degeneration of the pyramidal tracts. Most of the remaining neurons showed chromatolysis. Some of the chromatolytic neurons contained faintly eosinophilic inclusions with a halo. Few spheroids were observed. Hypoglossal nuclei, nucleus ambiguus, motor nuclei of N.VII and N.V were well populated, but contained several chromatolytic neurons. Ultrastructurally, the chromatolytic neurons contained aggregates of fibrils thicker than the 10-nm neurofilaments. These fibrils were arranged randomly, and were closely associated with granular materials as well as rough endoplasmic reticulum. Neurofilamentous accumulations reported to be common in sporadic ALS were rare in this case. No Bunina body was observed.

Actin Cytoskeleton↗
PubMed1988

Aluminum transport and dialysance during haemodialysis.

Aluminum transfer and dialysance during haemodialysis and plasma aluminum concentrations in haemodialysis patients were examined. Plasma aluminum in 30 volunteer outpatients tended to decrease after 5-hour dialysis (6.35 +/- 3.02 micrograms/dl before haemodialysis; 5.41 +/- 2.60 micrograms/dl after haemodialysis). The decrease was mainly due to diffusion despite haemoconcentration evidenced by a significant increase in the haematocrit and total plasma protein during dialysis. To study the changes resulting from diffusion, we measured aluminum in the arterial blood and in the dialysate at the inflow and outflow sites of the dialyzer. There was a non-significant decrease in the plasma aluminum of arterial blood from 6.20 +/- 2.90 to 5.64 +/- 2.55 micrograms/dl, but a significant increase in the dialysate aluminum from 0.38 +/- 0.18 micrograms/dl to 1.10 +/- 0.66 micrograms/dl. Aluminum diffused across the dialyzer from the blood to the dialysate in 23 cases and into the blood in 7 others. When aluminum dialysance is high, plasma aluminum can be removed to the dialysate during haemodialysis.

Aluminum↗
PubMed1988

A case of diffuse Lewy body and Alzheimer's diseases with periodic synchronous discharges.

Periodic synchronous discharges were consistently observed in a 68-year-old man with a four-year history of progressive dementia. Pathological examination revealed diffuse atrophy of the brain with remarkable dilatation of the temporal horns. Histologically there were severe changes of Alzheimer's disease and diffuse Lewy bodies (LB), either typical or less distinctive ones without clear halos. Cerebellar LB were also observed in the cerebellum. Four types of abnormal intraneuronal filamentous structures were observed: neurofibrillary tangles, accumulated neurofilaments, thick linear structures studded with ribosome-like dense granules, and fuzzy, thin filaments similar to, but generally wider than, a neurofilament.

Alzheimer Disease↗
PubMed1988

Identification of two transcription factors that bind to specific elements in the promoter of the adenovirus early-region 4.

Two kinds of trans-acting factors that regulate transcription from the promoter of the adenovirus early-region 4 (E4) have been identified by reconstituting nuclear extracts of HeLa cells. They were designated E4TF1 and E4TF3 for E4 transcription factors. These factors were responsible for efficient and accurate transcription in vitro from the E4 promoter, as were another transcription factor, designated E4TF2, and a crude fraction containing endogenous RNA polymerase II. E4TF1 stimulated transcription from the E4 promoter but not from the major late promoter or the E4 mutant promoter lacking the E4TF1-binding site. Footprint analysis of E4TF1 revealed that it binds to a specific region, residing between 132 and 152 base pairs upstream from the initiation site of the E4 mRNA. E4TF3 also regulated transcription from the E4 promoter. E4TF3 protected four ca. 20-base-pair regions in a DNase I footprinting assay. They were located around 40, 160, 230, and 260 base pairs upstream from the initiation site of E4 mRNA. Specific inhibition of E4 transcription was observed by addition of DNA fragments covering one of the E4TF1- and E4TF3-binding sites to in vitro transcription assays. These results suggest that both E4TF1 and E4TF3 regulate E4 transcription by binding to the specific upstream elements in the E4 promoter. These factors may be involved in the E1A transactivation of E4 transcription.

Adenoviruses, Human↗
PubMed1988

Pontine lesion in opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome shown by MRI.

Two patients with opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome are reported whose magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed brain stem lesions. Both patients developed the opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome after an upper respiratory illness. One case had visual hallucinations during the course of illness and MRI revealed a focal lesion in the pons involving the junction of basis and tegmentum. MRI of the second case showed a focal lesion at the upper pontine tegmentum.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

A sensory level on the trunk in lower lateral brainstem lesions.

We report nine cases of vascular lesions in the lateral aspect of the lower brainstem. Five patients showed a sensory defect involving one side of the face and the contralateral leg, trunk, or both (crossed pattern). This contralateral defect involved the foot and extended upwards to end in a sensory level. Three other patients had a continuous hemisensory defect of the face, arm, and trunk (unilateral pattern), with the lower border demarcated at a sensory level. One patient had a combined pattern of both crossed and unilateral defects with sensory loss of the bilateral face and the unilateral limbs and trunk. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed lesions in the lateral pons and medulla in six cases. Far-lateral lesions were responsible for the crossed sensory defects, and mediolateral lesions resulted in the unilateral sensory defects.

Adult↗