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Biomedical subjects

T Imai

Publications and source records attributed to T Imai.

At least 757 records · Page 42Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Adrenal medulla transplantation into the putamen in Parkinson's disease.

Autologous adrenal medulla was transplanted into the putamen of a patient with severe Parkinson's disease. After the operation, the patient's akinesia and rigidity decreased and the duration of action of L-dopa treatment was prolonged. The effect lasted for only 6 months, however, following which the patient's condition gradually began to deteriorate again, returning to the preoperative state by 12 months after surgery. This paper discusses possible reasons why the effect was only temporary.

Adrenal Medulla↗
PubMed1990

Surgical correction of the inverted nipple with a tendon graft: hammock procedure.

Our procedure, in which the inverted nipple was suspended using autogenous tendon grafts, was easy to perform, and it was not necessary to cut the lactiferous ducts. There was no deformity of the nipple or areola after this procedure, and the surgical scars were inconspicuous. Three patients who were followed up for over 1 year after surgery were presented in this paper. In eight patients (13 corrected inverted nipples), good results were obtained and there have been no complications to date.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Malignant eccrine tumor--a case report and a classification of tumors of eccrine sweat apparatus.

A case of malignant eccrine tumor and its histological findings were reported. In this case, we considered basal cell carcinoma or malignant melanoma clinically; however, the histological features matched those of malignant eccrine tumor. It has been said that it is very difficult to determine the origin of tumors of sweat apparatus; to contribute to this ongoing dialogue, the classification of tumors of eccrine sweat apparatus was also discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Rapidly absorbed solid oral formulations of ibuprofen using water-soluble gelatin.

Rapidly absorbed oral dosage forms of ibuprofen using water-soluble gelatin (hydrolysate of common gelatin: mean mol. wt: 6000) have been studied and compared with tablets prepared with common gelatin (mean mol. wt: 100,000) and commercial tablets. Spray-dried and speed-kneaded powders, two types of granules and tablets were prepared with water-soluble gelatin. The in-vitro dissolution rates of water-soluble gelatin preparations were significantly faster than those of commercial tablets, whereas the tablets prepared using common gelatin had slower dissolution rates than commercial tablets. Water-soluble gelatin enhanced the dissolution rate of ibuprofen by improving the wettability of the drug particle surface by water, without any interaction in solution and the solid state. The absorption behaviour of various preparations was evaluated in four beagle dogs. The peak concentration time (tmax) of the water-soluble gelatin preparations was significantly shorter than that of tablets prepared with common gelatin and commercial tablets. The maximum concentration (cmax) and the area under the serum concentration-time curve (AUCo-10 h) were similar in all cases. The serum concentration profiles of water-soluble gelatin solid preparations were almost the same as those of the solutions. On the other hand, the profiles of the common gelatin tablets were similar to those of the commercial tablets. The mean absorption time (MAT) from water-soluble gelatin preparations was about 0.7 h, while the MAT from commercial tablets and common gelatin tablets was about 1.2 h. The differences in the MAT of water-soluble gelatin preparations and commercial tablets or common gelatin tablets were the same as the differences in mean dissolution time (MDT) in gastrointestinal fluid.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Adrenocorticotropin increases expression of c-fos and beta-actin genes in the rat adrenals.

It is widely accepted that expression of protooncogenes is coupled with cellular proliferation and differentiation. Since ACTH stimulates not only steroidogenesis but also cellular proliferation, we investigated whether ACTH affects the expression of c-fos, c-myc, and beta-actin genes. The effect of ACTH on adrenal glands was studied in hypophysectomized rats. Changes in the mRNA levels were studied by Northern and dot blot analyses. It was demonstrated that ACTH induces increases in mRNAs encoding c-fos and beta-actin in adrenal glands of hypophysectomized rats. When stimulated by ACTH (5 IU/100 g BW), the mRNA levels of both genes increase rapidly; the maximum levels are observed at 30 min for c-fos and 6 h for beta-actin. Both mRNAs declined to near-control levels by 6-24 h. The levels of mRNAs encoding cholesterol side-chain cleavage cytochrome P-450 and 21-hydroxylase cytochrome P-450 began to increase 3 and 12 h after ACTH administration, respectively. This increase continued for 24 h after ACTH treatment. Increases in total adrenal RNA and adrenal weight occurred slowly after ACTH treatment. On the other hand, the levels of c-myc mRNA were very low and were not increased by ACTH administration. These results suggest that increased expression of c-fos and beta-actin genes by ACTH may have important roles in mediating its action on adrenals.

Actins↗
PubMed1990

Specific induction of fibronectin gene in rat liver by thyroid hormone.

The regulation of fibronectin (FN) gene expression by thyroid hormone was studied. Rats were rendered hypothyroid by thyroidectomy, and the administration of T4 or T3 was used to produce rats in various thyroid states. RNA was extracted from fresh liver, kidney, and heart, and FN mRNA was determined by dot blot hybridization with a 32P-labeled rat FN cDNA probe. The specificity of the hybridization was assessed by Northern blot analysis. In liver, thyroidectomy decreased the abundance of FN mRNA by half, and daily administration of physiological doses of T4 or T3 for 5-6 days restored FN mRNA to the control level. The administration of pharmacological doses of thyroid hormones induced a further increase in the abundance of FN mRNA. A significant dose-dependent correlation between serum levels of T4 and the abundance of FN mRNA was observed in liver. A receptor-saturating dose of T3 (200 micrograms) given to thyroidectomized rats produced a significant increase in FN mRNA within 6 h after injection, indicating that expression of the FN gene was induced relatively rapidly. Moreover, a nuclear run-off assay revealed that thyroid hormone induces expression of the FN gene at least in part at a transcriptional level. The amount of FN mRNA was also determined in kidney and heart of the same rats. Although the abundance of FN mRNA changed by thyroidectomy or the administration of thyroid hormone in those organs, the magnitude of changes were slight compared with those observed in liver. These results suggested that a marked and dose-dependent induction of the FN gene by thyroid hormone occurs specifically in liver.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1990

[Effect of OKY-046 on airway hyperresponsiveness induced by ozone in dogs].

To elucidate the possible involvement of thromboxane A2 (TxA2) in airway hyperresponsiveness, we examined the effect of OKY-046, a potent and selective inhibitor of TxA2 synthetase, on airway hyperresponsiveness induced by ozone exposure in dogs. Ozone exposure (3 ppm, 2 hr) markedly increased airway responsiveness to inhaled methacholine without affecting basal respiratory resistance. Although ozone also caused a slight but significant increase in neutrophil number in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, there was no correlation between the level of airway hyperresponsiveness and increased neutrophil number. Although OKY-046 significantly inhibited the increases in airway hyperresponsiveness in a dose-dependent manner at doses ranging from 100 to 300 mg/kg, p.o., the compound did not affect the basal airway responsiveness and respiratory resistance at 300 mg/kg, p.o. Inhalation of the subthreshold concentration (i.e., the highest dose which did not cause bronchoconstriction) of STA2 (a stable TxA2 mimetic agent) elicited a significant increase in airway responsiveness to methacholine. These results suggest that TxA2 may play a role in mediating ozone-induced airway hyperresponsiveness. However, the accumulation of neutrophils in the airway lumen may not be essential for the development of airway hyperresponsiveness.

Acrylates↗
PubMed1990

Alteration in the expression of genes for cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme and 21-hydroxylase by hypophysectomy and ACTH administration in the rat adrenal.

The changes in steady-state levels of mRNA for cholesterol side-chain cleavage cytochrome P-450 (P-450scc) and steroid 21-hydroxylase cytochrome P-450 (P-450c21) caused by hypophysectomy and ACTH treatment were determined in rat adrenals. Hypophysectomy caused marked decreases in adrenal weight and total RNA per gland. Administration of ACTH resulted in increases in adrenal weight and total RNA. A significant correlation between the amount of RNA and adrenal weight was observed. Both P-450scc and P-450c21 mRNAs were decreased by hypophysectomy and increased by ACTH treatment. P-450scc mRNA decreased to 20% and P-450c21 mRNA to 76% of control values 1 day after hypophysectomy. ACTH caused a significant increase in P-450scc mRNA after 3 h. However, a significant increase in P-450c21 mRNA was observed 12 h after administration of ACTH. These results are concordant with previous studies in vitro utilizing cultured adrenocortical cells. Moreover, the induction of steady-state levels of P-450scc mRNA was faster than that observed by other investigators in studies in vitro. These results may indicate that integrity of the adrenal gland in vivo is important for the action of ACTH.

Adrenal Glands↗
PubMed1990

[A clinical study of hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy in the elderly].

Seven elderly patients with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM), who had the three following characteristics on echocardiograms 1) extremely thickened septum, 2) systolic anterior motion of the mitral valve, 3) mid systolic semi-closure of the aortic valve, were clinically evaluated. Ages ranged from 73 to 86 years old (average 78.9% yr.) and all were women. None had not a family history of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy but they had mild hypertension. Six patients showed a significant high voltage on the ST-segment and T-wave abnormalities ("strain" pattern). The left ventricular posterior wall as well as the septum was thickened in 5 and the remaining 2 showed asymmetrical septal hypertrophy (ASH) on echocardiograms. The left ventricular cavity was narrowed due to left ventricular hypertrophy and the shape of the left ventricular cavity was ovoid in all patients. The aorto-septal angles in these 7 patients were 80 degrees to 120 degrees. In addition, proximal septal bulge in all and anterior displacement of the mitral posterior leaflet due to the mitral ring calcification (MRC) in some patients contributed to the narrowing of the left ventricular outflow tract, and the mitral valve was pulled up toward the septum because of the good left ventricular systolic function (ejection fraction: 70 to 94% by echocardiography) and blood was ejected at a high velocity through a narrowed outflow tract (Venturi effect). Pressure gradients in the left ventricular outflow tract was 38 to 146 mmHg in 5 examined by cardiac catheterization. Biopsy specimens were obtained from 2 patients, showing hypertrophic myocytes (diameter: 20 to 30 micron) in 2 and mild disarray in 1.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Aged↗
PubMed1990

[Renal cell carcinoma and angiomyolipoma in tuberous sclerosis. Case report].

The association of angiomyolipoma with renal cell carcinoma in tuberous sclerosis is extremely rare, although the relation between tuberous sclerosis and angiomyolipoma of the kidney is widely recognized. We report here a case of bilateral angiomyolipoma and renal cell carcinoma of the right kidney with tuberous sclerosis and demonstrate the diagnostic difficulties in distinguishing between these tumors.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Study on urinary low molecular protein and enzyme in primary vesico-ureteral reflux patients].

Urinary beta-2-microglobulin (beta 2-MG), urinary N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAG), urinary creatinine (Cr) and serum creatinine level were measured in 79 patients with primary vesico-ureteral reflux. Comparing the data between conservatively treated group and operated group, between pre and post operation, we obtained the following conclusions: 1. From urinary beta 2-MG and NAG, renal tubular damage tended to increase in both conservatively treated group and operated group in proportion to the grade of reflux. But the degree of tubular damage was more severe in the conservatively treated group than in the operated group. 2. Tubular reabsorption ability was lower in the operated group than in the conservatively treated group. 3. In patients with severe tubular damage, improvement of tubular function was seen at the early stage after operation. 4. Anti-reflux operation was shown to be effective even in improving glomerular function.

Acetylglucosaminidase↗
PubMed1990

Clinical study on the prevalence of temporomandibular joint dysfunction in orthodontic patients.

The percentage of potential TMJ dysfunction is high in orthodontic patients. The prevalence of TMJ dysfunction during orthodontic treatment and the correlation between TMJ dysfunction occurrence and orthodontic appliances were studied. One hundred and twenty-five male and 183 female orthodontic patients between 7.2 and 38.3 years of age with a mean age of 13.1 years without TMJ dysfunction at first examination were examined for clinical symptoms. TMJ dysfunction was found in 26 patients (8.6%). The frequency of occurrence of TMJ dysfunction in patients treated with a chin cap appliance was 10.9% (14/129) and 6.7% (7/105) for those treated with a multibracket appliance. Chin cap appliance treatment was begun after the pubertal growth peak in eight patients, during the peak in three patients, and before the peak in three patients. Clinical symptoms continued in four patients who continued to use the appliance under the same conditions, and nine patients who were treated with proper countermeasures became free from clinical symptoms.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

[Establishment of a simple fluorescent microscopy method for measurement of the CD4/CD8 ratio in BALF].

The authors established an easy fluorescent microscopy method to measure the ratio of CD4 (helper/inducer T lymphocytes) to CD8 (suppressor/cytotoxic T lymphocytes) (CD4/CD8 ratio) in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) in patients with diffuse pulmonary diseases and measles pneumonia. The CD4/CD8 ratio determined by this method strongly correlated with the CD4/CD8 ratio obtained by flow cytometry in both peripheral blood lymphocytes and BALF lymphocytes. When the proportion of lymphocytes in BALF nuclear cells is more than 6%, the CD4/CD8 ratio in BALF was measurable. The CD4/CD8 ratio in peripheral blood was not significantly different among hypersensitive pneumonitis (HP), sarcoidosis (SAR), collagen vascular disease (CVD), idiopathic interstitial pneumonitis (IIP), and measles pneumonia (MP). However, the BALF CD4/CD8 ratio was 0.61 +/- 0.37 in HP, 6.83 +/- 2.73 in SAR, 0.77 +/- 0.40 in CVD, 1.49 +/- 0.29 in IIP. These results were consistent with previously published data. The CD4/CD8 ratio in patients with MP was as low as 0.39 +/- 0.34. In patients with summer type HP, this ratio was low in the acute phase, but became within normal range after moving or reconstructing their homes, accompanied with the improvement of subjective symptoms and the disappearance of inflammation. These data indicate that our method is very simple and useful in the diagnosis and the monitoring of diffuse pulmonary diseases.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

[The clinical study on occurrence of TMJ dysfunction in orthodontic patients].

Occlusal disharmony is considered to be the most significant factor of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) dysfunction, but the relationship between malocclusion and TMJ dysfunction has been unknown yet. The purpose of present study was to investigate the relationship between TMJ dysfunction and occlusal disharmony (eccentric occlusal contacts and functional shift of the mandible) in orthodontic patients. The subjects were 533 orthodontic patients, 209 males and 324 females, who were received at the Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Hokkaido University from April 1985 to March 1988. Their ages ranged from 8 to 38 years old. All were prior to orthodontic treatment. The results were as follows 1. The prevalence of TMJ dysfunction was 27.6%, 24.9% in males and 29.3% in females. The difference was insignificant between males and females. 2. The patients with TMJ dysfunction increased after 13-15 years old, corresponding to dental age IV A (Hellman's classification). 3. In patients with TMJ dysfunction, the highest frequency of symptom of TMJ dysfunction was joint sounds (77.6%), the second was pain (22.4%), the third was disturbance of mandibular movement (4.8%). The complication of those symptoms were compounded in 26.3% of the total patients. 4. The prevalence of TMJ dysfunction had no relation to specific malocclusion and maxillofacial morphologic characteristic. 5. Most patients with TMJ dysfunction had occlusal disharmony (95.9%). 6. Eccentric occlusal contacts were found most frequently in patients with open bite and functional shift of the mandible was found most frequently in patients with deep bite. From these findings, the prevalence of TMJ dysfunction was frequent in orthodontic patients, however the symptoms were objective and the patients were not aware of TMJ dysfunction. TMJ dysfunction had no relation to specific malocclusion but some kinds of occlusal disharmony were easy to occur in specific malocclusion and TMJ dysfunction was induced by those etiological factors.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

[Clinical efficacy of ifosfamide for liver metastasis of breast cancer].

Chemotherapy for liver metastasis of breast cancer has rarely been found effective. We devised a new regimen of chemotherapy for recurrent breast cancer mainly using ifosfamide. It was found clinically applicable and particularly effective for liver metastasis. The tumor decreased in size and the levels of various tumor-markers markedly decreased following drug administration. This treatment has made for longer survival for some patients. Side effects could be well controlled with steroid hormones and Na-bicarbonate.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗
PubMed1990

Preoperative estimation of surgical risk of hepatectomy in cirrhotic patients.

In order to improve the results of hepatectomy in cirrhotic patients, functional resectability of the liver was evaluated before surgery, in 119 cases of hepatectomy, including 85 cases with cirrhosis, over the last 10 years. Our total risk, measured by multivariate analysis of hepatic function tests, was very useful in selecting the suitable operative method. Functional reserve of the remnant liver and that of per unit volume of the liver evaluated by ICGRmax, were also good indicators for estimating long-term prognosis and liver regeneration following hepatectomy. Furthermore, from our experience with 4 cirrhotic patients who developed disseminated intravascular coagulopathy after hepatectomy, the preoperative evaluation of function in the coagulation-fibrinolysis system was also important for estimating the operative risk of hepatectomy in cirrhotic patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[The effect of leukotriene B4 inhalation on airway responsiveness in dogs].

We studied the effect of leukotriene B4 (LTB4) inhalation on airway responsiveness in 12 dogs. LTB4 (10 micrograms/ml) was delivered as an aerosol, generated from a Devilbiss 646 nebulizer for ten minutes. Airway responsiveness to inhaled methacholine was determined by modified Astograph (7 Hz oscillation method) 1 hr (n = 6) and 6 hr (n = 6) after LTB4 inhalation. After measurement of airway responsiveness, total cell counts, differential cell counts, thromboxane B2 (TxB2) and 6-keto-prostaglandin (PG)F1 alpha levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were measured. The total cell counts in BALF increased after LTB4 inhalation (p less than 0.05), and the neutrophil counts in BALF increased significantly 1 hr (p less than 0.05) and 6 hr after (p less than 0.01) LTB4 inhalation. Airway responsiveness to inhaled methacholine decreased significantly 1 hr (p less than 0.05) and 6 hr (p less than 0.01) after LTB4 inhalation. There were no significant changes in the levels of TxB2 or 6-keto-PGF1 alpha in BALF 1 hr and 6 hr after LTB4 inhalation. These results suggest that inhaled LTB4 causes neutrophil recruitment into the airway but does not increase airway responsiveness to inhaled methacholine, and the possibility that LTB4 reduces airway responsiveness to inhaled methacholine exists in dogs.

Administration, Inhalation↗