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Biomedical subjects

T Iino

Publications and source records attributed to T Iino.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Identification of flagellar hook and basal body gene products (FlaFV, FlaFVI, FlaFVII and FlaFVIII) in Salmonella typhimurium.

The flagellar genes flaFV, flaFVII, and flaFVIII of Salmonella typhimurium were cloned, and their presence on a given plasmid was verified by complementation of Escherichia coli mutants defective in the homologous genes. The gene products were identified by radiolabeling in a minicell system as being proteins of the following molecular masses: FlaFV, 42 kilodaltons (kDa); FlaFVI, 32 kDa; FlaFVII, 30 kDA; and FlaFVIII, 27 kDa. These data, together with isoelectric focusing data, confirm gene product assignments of flagellar components made indirectly from mutant studies. Flagellar components are transported by either a signal peptide-dependent or a flagellar-specific pathway. Consistent with its location in the outer membrane ring of the basal body, protein FlaFVIII seems to use the signal peptide-dependent pathway, since it was synthesized in a precursor form and processed, presumably by peptide cleavage, to a mature form; the maturation process was inhibited by addition of a proton ionophore. Proteins synthesized in minicells were localized as follows: FlaFVI was localized to the soluble fraction (cytoplasm); pre-FlaFVIII and FlaFVIII were localized to the particulate fraction (membrane or high-molecular-weight aggregate); FlaFV and FlaFVII were localized to both fractions. The significance of these locations in terms of known or suspected roles in the flagellar apparatus is discussed.

Bacterial Proteins↗
PubMed1987

Three-dimensional structures of the connective tissue papillae of the tongue in newborn dogs.

Connective tissue papillae underlying epithelial cell layers of the lingual papillae of newborn mongrel dogs were exposed by long term hydrochloric acid treatment and observed by scanning electron microscopy. Each of the filiform papillae of ovoid shape (100-130 microns in diameter) contained a connective tissue papilla representing a smaller elliptical protrusion (90-100 microns in length, 70-80 microns in width). Its overview showed a horse-shoe shaped, opening anteriorly. Its posterior curvature projected a conical node with a rounded apex. Each of the fungiform papillae (150 microns in diameter) contained a connective tissue papilla of rounded shape (100 microns in diameter) whose upper surface was facetted with several slight depressions. The entire surface of the connective tissue papillae was found to be covered by networks of collagenous fibers of varying thickness, running in various directions. The basal surface of the epithelium revealed regularly distributed round holes that corresponded to the connective tissue papillae. In the filiform papillae, a small elliptical bulge was seen on the anterior side of each hole. Light microscope observation indicated that the anterior column of the filiform papillae contained a granular layer with moderate keratohyaline granules, whereas the posterior column did not show such a granular layer.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Contractions of postmortem human saphenous veins perfused with pulsatile flow.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the contractions of postmortem human saphenous veins under pulsatile flow conditions as a simulation of coronary-aortic bypass graft (CABG) surgery. Twenty-five cylindrical specimens of veins, obtained from 20 cadavers several hours after death, were mounted in a pulsatile flow system with a pulse rate of 80/min and a mean flow rate of 7 ml/min at various perfusion pressures. Prostaglandin F2 alpha(PGF2 alpha) was then applied to the outer physiological salt solution at a concentration of 3 X 10(-6) mol. Of the 25 veins, 18 (72%) contracted and seven did not. Contractions were observed at a mean perfusion pressure of less than 60 mmHg but not at higher pressures. Three contraction patterns were observed: One caused pressure gradients between the proximal and distal sites of the vein and showed periodic contractions (P); one showed only tonic contractions (T); the other showed pulse pressure increase without developing the pressure gradients (PP). The incidences of P, T, and PP in the 18 instances of contraction were 50%, 33%, and 17%, respectively. Repeated applications of PGF2 alpha to the same vein with the same and/or increased perfusion pressure caused changes of pattern in the direction of P to T, to PP, and to no response, whereas decreasing perfusion pressure caused the patterns to change in the reverse direction. The pressure gradients that developed in veins showing P and T patterns correlated well with the mean perfusion pressure (r = 0.68, P less than 0.01).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Aged↗
PubMed1986

A radial forearm flap based on an extended dissection of the cephalic vein. The longest venous pedicle? Case report.

A radial forearm flap based on the cephalic vein was elevated to resurface a defect in the left auricular region. The cephalic vein was dissected up to the clavicle and the flap was transferred through a subcutaneous tunnel to the defect. The radial artery was anastomosed to the stump of the external carotid artery using a vein graft. The flap pursued an uneventful course and survived completely. This showed that the long venous pedicle (47 cm) could drain the flap safely and sufficiently.

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell↗
PubMed1986

In vitro reconstitution of flagellar filaments onto hooks of filamentless mutants of Salmonella typhimurium by addition of hook-associated proteins.

An in vitro system for reconstituting flagellar filaments onto hooks of filamentless mutants of Salmonella typhimurium was used to investigate the role played in filament formation by the three hook-associated proteins (HAPs, products of the flaW, flaU, and flaV genes). These proteins--FlaW, FlaU, and FlaV--are believed to be assembled in this order at the distal end of the hook. When the recipient hooks were provided by flaU mutants, whose hook tips contained FlaW only, exogenous FlaU was essential for polymerization of both exogenous and endogenous flagellin, whereas exogenous FlaV inhibited such polymerization. When the recipients were flaV-mutant hooks, whose tips contained FlaW and FlaU but not FlaV, exogenous FlaV inhibited polymerization of exogenous flagellin. FlaV also inhibited polymerization of exogenous flagellin at the tips of filament fragments. In contrast, FlaV was essential for polymerization of endogenous flagellin onto flaV-mutant hooks, and onto short filaments that had been made (in the absence of FlaV) by polymerization of exogenous flagellin on the tips of flaV-mutant hooks. These results suggest that FlaV acts not only at the tip of the hook to initiate growth of the filament, but also at the tip of the growing filament, and that FlaV is essential for polymerization of endogenous flagellin--i.e., for the normal process of filament assembly in vivo.

Bacterial Proteins↗
PubMed1986

Structural analysis of p28 adult T-cell leukaemia-associated antigen.

The 28,000 mol. wt. polypeptide (p28) of adult T-cell leukaemia-associated antigen encoded by the 24S defective human T-cell leukaemia virus (HTLV-I) is associated with protein kinase activity. We have determined the nucleotide sequence of this defective HTLV-I provirus and found that it contains a portion of the gag gene (p19 and part of p24), the pX region, and two long terminal repeats, one at each end. The predicted p28 gag-pX fused protein consists of 190 amino acids and its mol. wt. was calculated as 21,055. The results of peptide mapping analysis showing that p28 contains p19 supported the nucleotide sequence data. That p28 was encoded by this defective provirus was also demonstrated by transient expression of p28 polypeptide in COS 7 cells transfected with a recombinant plasmid containing a simian virus 40 early promoter and the p28-coding region of the 24S HTLV-I.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Refined genetic analysis of the region II che mutants in Salmonella typhimurium.

From a detailed complementation analysis of the region II che mutants of Salmonella typhimurium, we have located five che genes, cheA, cheW, cheR, cheB, and cheY. We have shown that corrections are required in the previous assignment of the mutations in four strains: both SL2514 and SL2515 which have been reported to be cheY mutants are cheR mutants, SL2539 is not a cheA but a cheW mutant, and ST171 which has been reported to be a cheZ mutant is a double mutant with defects in both cheA and cheB. Since ST171 is the only "cheZ mutant" so far isolated, the idea that the cheZ gene might play an essential role in chemotaxis in S. typhimurium as in Escherichia coli has lost its experimental basis. Furthermore, a number of deletion mutants in region II resulting from the excision of Tn10 have been isolated and analysed. From these experiments, we propose that the gene order in region II is flaK-flaE-motA-motB-cheA-cheW-cheR-cheB-++ +cheY-flaM-flaC, which is identical with that in E. coli.

Chromosome Deletion↗
PubMed1985

Identification of a gene, tir of R100, functionally homologous to the F3 gene of F in the inhibition of RP4 transfer.

We detected a gene of R100 functionally homologous to the F3 gene of F in the inhibition of RP4 transfer. Using in vitro recombinant DNA techniques, we located the gene, designated tir, in a 0.9 kb region, 2,392-3,293 in the nucleotide sequence coordinate of R100. From the DNA sequence analysis of R100 (Ohtsubo unpublished results), a coding frame of polypeptides, whose molecular weight is estimated to be 24.1 kilodaltons (kd), was inferred to be the region tir. Furthermore, we showed that tir could not repress expression of the F3 gene.

Conjugation, Genetic↗
PubMed1985

Additional genes essential for replication of the mini-F plasmid from origin I.

We isolated a series of Tn5-insertional mutants from the mini-F plasmid, which has a deletion in the origin II region and replicates exclusively from origin I, and found that the mutants that had Tn5 in either the F4 or the F5 gene were defective in their replication. It is concluded that, in addition to the F3 gene on which we have reported previously, both the F4 and the F5 genes are essential for the replication from origin I.

Bacterial Proteins↗
PubMed1985

A gene for DNA invertase and an invertible DNA in Escherichia coli K-12.

An assay system for the pin gene function, which suppresses the vh2 mutation of Salmonella, was developed and used to show that most strains of Escherichia coli K-12 are Pin+, whereas all the strains of E. coli C examined are Pin-. An E. coli host strain was constructed and used for detection of DNA fragments carrying the E. coli K-12 pin gene cloned in the plasmid vector pBR322. Restriction analysis of the cloned fragments showed that the invertible DNA (designated P region) is adjacent to the pin gene and that its inversion is mediated by the pin gene product. The pin gene was found to be functionally homologous to the gin gene of Mu phage and the cin gene of P1 phage. The P region most probably resides within the cryptic prophage e14, and the Pin- phenotype is likely to be associated with the loss of e14.

Bacterial Proteins↗
PubMed1985

Locations of hook-associated proteins in flagellar structures of Salmonella typhimurium.

Hooks of the flagella of Salmonella typhimurium were purified from an flaL mutant. Hook-associated proteins, namely HAP1, HAP2, and HAP3, were separated from them, and the antibody against each HAP was prepared. By immunoelectron microscopic observation, these three kinds of antiHAP antibodies were found to bind on the distal ends of hooks of filamentless mutants consistently with their composition of HAPs. The antiHAP2 antibody bound to the very tops of the claw-shaped ends of the hooks which contain all three HAPS. The antibodies against HAP1 and HAP3 bound to the basal areas and the middle areas, respectively, of the claw-shaped ends. The order of disassembly of the component proteins by heat treatment of the hook structure from the filamentless mutants was (HAP2, HAP3) greater than HAP1 greater than hook protein. These observations were consistent with our layered structure model: HAP1, HAP3, and HAP2 are assembled at the distal end of the hook in this sequence. All three HAPs were detected in the hook-filament complexes prepared from a flagellate strain. When the hook-filament structure was treated with antibody against HAP1 and with the anti-rabbit immunoglobulin G antibody, the antibody aggregate was observed in the region corresponding to the boundary between filament and hook. This observation strongly suggests that HAP1 is the protein connecting filament with hook. The locations of HAP2 and HAP3 in the hook-filament structure were not clarified with the same procedure.

Antibodies, Bacterial↗
PubMed1985

Structural genes for flagellar hook-associated proteins in Salmonella typhimurium.

The flaW, flaU, and flaV genes of Salmonella typhimurium LT2 were cloned into pBR322. These genes were mapped on the cloned DNA fragments by restriction endonuclease analysis and construction of the deletion derivatives. Their gene products were identified, by the minicell method, as proteins whose molecular weights were estimated to be 59,000 for the flaW product, 31,000 for the flaU product, and 48,000 for the flaV product. These values are identical to those of three species of hook-associated proteins (HAPs), namely, HAP1, HAP3, and HAP2. Furthermore, antibodies against HAP1, HAP3, and HAP2 specifically reacted with the gene products of flaW, flaU, and flaV, respectively. Therefore, we concluded that they are structural genes for HAPs. The antibodies against HAP1 and HAP3 also specifically reacted with the gene products of flaS and flaT of Escherichia coli, respectively. This indicates that these gene products are HAPs in E. coli. This result is consistent with the demonstration that flaS and flaT of E. coli are functionally homologous with flaW and flaU of S. typhimurium.

Bacterial Proteins↗
PubMed1985

Excretion of unassembled hook-associated proteins by Salmonella typhimurium.

Hook-associated proteins (HAPs) were excreted into the culture medium of the Fla+ strain as well as into the growth medium of the filamentless mutants of Salmonella typhimurium. This indicates that the bacteria synthesize HAPs excessively, beyond the amount required for construction of flagella. The extra HAPs are shed into the culture medium after a definite amount of each HAP has been assembled into the flagellar structure.

Bacterial Proteins↗
PubMed1985

Effects of diltiazem and nitroglycerin on prostaglandin F2 alpha-induced periodic contractions of isolated human coronary arteries.

This study characterizes the inhibiting effect of diltiazem and nitroglycerin on periodic contractions of isolated human coronary arteries. Isometric force of coronary ring segments from sixty-nine cadavers was recorded in a muscle bath. To quantify the experimental results, we used 3 X 10(-6) M prostaglandin F2 alpha to induce the periodic contractions of a certain force. When diltiazem was added during the periodic contractions, the amplitude of oscillations gradually decreased until eventually oscillations ceased completely. The process prior to the cessation of the oscillations was characterized mainly by the inhibition of the contraction phase. The inhibition rate at the time of the complete cessation of oscillations was 49.3 +/- 6.3% at 5 X 10(-7) M. The time required for complete disappearance of oscillations was dependent on the diltiazem concentration. When nitroglycerin was added during periodic contractions, the oscillations did not disappear. Compared to the contraction phase, the relaxation phase was appreciably inhibited. With only 10(-7) M diltiazem, the rate of inhibition of the contraction phase was 22.0 +/- 7.7%, whereas the preliminary treatment with 5 X 10(-8) M nitroglycerin led to a complete cessation of the oscillations, and suppression of the level of the contractions to a significantly greater extent, viz. 58.7 +/- 5.8% (p less than 0.001). Therefore, it is considered more effective in the treatment and prevention of coronary spasm to use diltiazem and nitroglycerin simultaneously rather than individually.

Benzazepines↗