[Application of the health belief model to the prevention of occupational needle accidents].
OBJECTIVE: To prevent health care professionals from acquiring blood-borne diseases (AIDS, hepatitis B and C), it is recommended that needles should not be recapped. However, these professionals frequently do not comply with this recommendation. The main purpose of this study was to assess this problem by using the Health Belief Model (HBM) to correlate the compliance with the recommendation of not recapping needles with: (1) these professionals' perceptions regarding one's susceptibility and severity to blood-borne infections; (2) their perceptions regarding the benefits and barriers to comply with this recommendation; and (3) the cues received to comply with this recommendation. METHODS: Nursing staff at a hospital were asked: (1) how frequently they have recapped needles in the previous month; and (2) their HBM beliefs. To quantify and measure these beliefs, Likert scales were created and went through a validation regarding their content (referees) and construct (exploratory factorial analysis) and their reliability analysis (correlation of two halves and Cronbach's alpha coefficients). The relationship of beliefs and compliance with the recommendation of not recapping needles was obtained through regression analysis. RESULTS: A nursing staff sample was obtained through voluntary cooperation (n=319). In this group, 75% admitted recapping needles at least once. Nursing professionals who most frequently follow the recommendation of not recapping needles have less than two years of professional experience and they are the group who perceive less barriers and more benefits to follow the recommendation. These results initiated a discussion on restructuring the professional training provided by the hospital.