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Biomedical subjects

T Hughes

Publications and source records attributed to T Hughes.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Preparation of the colon for double-contrast barium enema: comparison of Picolax, Picolax with cleansing enema and Citramag (2 sachets)--a randomized prospective trial.

A randomized prospective trial was undertaken on 196 consecutive patients referred for double-contrast barium enema examination to assess the relative efficacy of three colon cleansing regimes: Citramag (2 sachets), Picolax and Picolax with a preliminary cleansing enema. Each of the regimes was preceded by a 5 day low residue diet. The radiographs from the examinations were assessed on a double-blind basis. The quality of bowel preparation was significantly poorer (P < 0.001) in the group receiving the preliminary cleansing enema, notably with respect to mucosal coating, compared with the other two groups. The quality of the preparation was slightly better in the group receiving Picolax alone than in the Citramag group (P < 0.01), the difference being most apparent in the proximal colon. The laxatives were equally well tolerated. The study has formed the basis of a departmental audit. As a result, the bowel preparation has been standardized to a 5 day period of dietary restriction followed by 2 Picolax sachets. This measure has improved efficiency within the department with no sacrifice in quality.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Holistic peripheral processing of a polygon display.

Polygon displays compress information that would otherwise be conveyed by separate indicators into a single display in which each reading is represented by the distance of a polygon vertex from its center. The effect on detection of fault states of varying the number of polygon vertices from 4 to 20 in a display presented peripherally around a dynamic, simulated flight display was studied. Presence of the dynamic task reduced both speed and accuracy of response to the polygon display but did not significantly affect the pattern of response to differing numbers of vertices. All measures of performance were better with larger numbers of vertices. If the vertices are processed serially, more vertices require more processing time. Therefore, the result argues for holistic processing and implies that such information integration is beneficial to human performance in fault detection.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Spinal infection by Mycobacterium xenopi in a non-immunosuppressed patient.

A previously fit 77-year-old woman was found to have a paravertebral abscess. This was aspirated, yielding Mycobacterium xenopi, but no other pathogens. Antituberculosis chemotherapy with four first-line agents was commenced, with some response but continuing pain. Reports of extrapulmonary M. xenopi infections are rare. Most previous cases have involved immunosuppressed patients. This is the first reported case of spinal M. xenopi infection in a non-immunosuppressed patient, but radiological evidence suggests that previous tuberculous infection may have damaged the lumbar vertebrae, rendering them susceptible to infection by M. xenopi.

Abscess↗
PubMed1992

Pre-operative assessment of Peyronie's disease using colour Doppler sonography.

Colour Doppler ultrasonography was used to assess 39 patients with Peyronie's disease with a suspected organic cause for their impotence. In 20 patients who complained of a uniform loss of erection, the impotence was likely to be functional in origin (90%) or occasionally venogenic (10%), the penile arterial blood flow being normal. However, patients who complained of distal flaccidity were likely to have an organic cause for their impotence (68%). This was due to proximal arterial disease (10%), plaque involvement of the distal vessels (37%), veno-occlusive dysfunction (5%) or to the soft glans syndrome (16%).

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Ultrasonographic monitoring of limb lengthening.

Limb lengthening in nine patients was monitored by radiographs and by ultrasound scans. The distraction gap appeared as a sonolucent area within which echogenic foci developed soon after distraction commenced. By seven weeks a new cortex was detected, and medullary canal began to develop between seven and eight weeks. Ultrasound scanning can be used to measure distraction, but it was not as useful as radiographs in detecting angulation. Its use in patients undergoing limb lengthening could reduce their exposure to radiation.

Bone Lengthening↗
PubMed1992

p53 in chronic myeloid leukemia cell lines.

Four human chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) cell lines, BV173, K562, KCL-22, and KYO-1, were studied for inactivation of human tumor suppressor gene p53. Southern blotting showed allele deletion in KCL-22 and cytogenetic studies showed a chromosome 17 deletion in KYO-1 but no gross structural abnormalities in the other two lines. Northern blotting showed increased amounts of normal size p53 mRNA in BV-173 and KYO-1, trace amounts in KCL-22, and none in K562. Direct sequencing of p53 cDNA revealed a missense point mutation in KYO-1 and a single base pair deletion consistent with a coding frame shift in KCL-22. Both abnormalities in these myeloid cell lines were located in the highly conserved region of p53. Studies with two monoclonal antibodies showed that the three cell lines with p53 mRNA had readily detectable p53 proteins. In KYO-1 and BV173 cells the p53 protein was located mainly in the nuclei but KCL-22 cells had weak staining in the cytoplasm. Our data support the assumption that inactivation of p53 tumor suppressor function in myeloid blast transformation of CML may result from point mutations or deletions that produce mutant proteins.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1991

Compulsory psychiatric treatment in the community. I. A controlled study of compulsory community treatment with extended leave under the Mental Health Act: special characteristics of patients treated and impact of treatment.

Following in-patient psychiatric treatment under Section 3 of the Mental Health Act, some patients have in the past remained on Section after discharge, and subsequently the Section has been renewed while the patient remained 'on leave'. People treated thus with 'extended leave' probably resemble closely those who would be placed on a community treatment order if this were available. A group of these extended-leave patients was compared with a control group, matched for age, sex and diagnosis, selected by consultant psychiatrists as not requiring treatment using a community treatment order. The two groups showed very few differences, but the extended-leave patients more commonly had a history of recent dangerousness and non-compliance with psychiatric treatment. Use of extended leave improved treatment compliance, reduced time spent in hospital, and reduced levels of dangerousness.

Case-Control Studies↗
PubMed1991

Compulsory psychiatric treatment in the community. II. A controlled study of patients whom psychiatrists would recommend for compulsory treatment in the community.

Several English consultant psychiatrists were asked to identify which patients currently under their care they would recommend for treatment with a community treatment order, if such a provision existed. The psychiatrists were asked to match each such 'nominated' patient for age, sex and diagnosis with one or two control patients, not considered to require compulsory treatment in the community. From specific data collected, it was found that: the two groups did not differ in their 'lifetime' histories of psychiatric admissions, substance misuse, criminal charges or dangerousness; 65-72% of the total sample had a history of serious dangerousness; but in the 12 months before nomination, the 'nominated' patients were significantly less likely than the controls to have complied with psychiatric treatment, and more likely to have defaulted from follow-up. The results indicate that a psychiatrist's decision to recommend a patient for treatment with a community treatment order will depend predominantly on specific criteria related to the patient's recent past.

Activities of Daily Living↗