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Biomedical subjects

T Hosaka

Publications and source records attributed to T Hosaka.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1997

Correlations for social support with depression in the chronic postsroke period.

This study examined correlations of social support with rated mood states, including depression, for 47 patients with cerebrovascular disease during the chronic poststroke period. After the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R, four psychological measures, the Zung Self-depression Scale, the Hamilton Depression Scale, Profile of Mood States, and Social Support Scale, were administered. The patients with cerebrovascular disease exhibited significantly more psychiatric disorders, including depression, and had poorer social support than healthy controls. The severity of depression was significantly related to poor social support and particularly to the presence of social support rather than just the perception of poor social support. Depressed patients may also rate their support as poor because they are depressed. For some patients with cerebrovascular disease during the chronic poststroke period, depression may be related to low social support.

Aged↗
PubMed1996

A novel 55-kDa regulatory subunit for phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase structurally similar to p55PIK Is generated by alternative splicing of the p85alpha gene.

Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, which is composed of a 110-kDa catalytic subunit and a regulatory subunit, plays important roles in various cellular signaling mechanisms. We screened a rat brain cDNA expression library with 32P-labeled human IRS-1 protein and cloned cDNAs that were very likely to be generated by alternative splicing of p85alpha gene products. These cDNAs were demonstrated to encode a 55-kDa protein (p55alpha) containing two SH2 domains and an inter-SH2 domain of p85alpha but neither a bcr domain nor a SH3 homology domain. Interestingly, p55 alpha contains a unique 34-amino acid sequence at its NH2 terminus, which is not included in the p85alpha amino acid sequence. This 34-amino acid portion was revealed to be comparable with p55PIK (p55gamma) in length, with a high homology between the two, suggesting that these NH2-terminal domains of p55alpha and p5 gamma may have a specific role that p85 does not. The expression of p55alpha mRNA is most abundant in the brain, but expression is ubiquitous in most rat tissues. Furthermore, it should be noted that the expression of p85alpha mRNA in muscle is almost undetectably low by Northern blotting with a cDNA probe coding for the p85alpha SH3 domain, while the expression of p55alpha can be readily detected. These results suggest that p55 alpha may play an unique regulatory role for phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase in brain and muscle.

Alternative Splicing↗
PubMed1996

Are abnormal gastrofiberscopic findings related to hostility with poor social support or to negative responses to stress?

Recent studies have highlighted physiological effects of emotional stress presumably leading to gastrointestinal disease. This study examined the effects of stress (hostility) and coping (social support and negative responses to stress) on asymptomatic gastric diseases. We investigated whether gastrofiberscopic findings were related to stress and coping in 269 volunteers without gastrointestinal complaints. These subjects were taking part in primary health care assessments. Analysis of variance found that volunteers with abnormal gastrofibercopic findings (i.e., erosions and/or ulceration) demonstrated significantly higher hostility and lower social support scores than those without abnormal findings. Analysis of covariance found that abnormal gastrofiberscopic findings remained significantly related to hostility scores after controlling for hostility's correlations with social support and negative responses to stress. The results suggest that hostility, along with poor social support or negative responses to stress, is associated with asymptomatic gastric disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

The time course of glucose metabolism in rat cerebral ischemia with middle cerebral artery occlusion-reperfusion model and the effect of MK-801.

Following cerebral ischemia, the extracellular concentration of excitatory amino acids increases, and the excitatory cell death may play an important role contributing to ischemic neuronal damage. Although sequential metabolic changes in permanent local cerebral ischemia have been reported, the effect of reperfusion in local cerebral ischemia on glucose metabolism is less clear. In order to investigate the time course change of glucose metabolism in a middle cerebral artery occlusion-reperfusion model and the effect of dizocilpin (MK-801) on glucose metabolism, the 14C-Deoxyglucose method was used. Hypermetabolism occurred at 30 min after the middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion, and reached a peak at 60 min after ischemia in both ischemic core and penumbra. The shift from hyper- to hypometabolism was observed after the ischemia. The reperfusion facilitated the decrease of cerebral glucose metabolism in the ischemic region following 2 h of MCA occlusion. The pretreatment of MK-801 (0.4 mg kg-1) inhibited both increased glucose metabolism during ischemia and decreased glucose metabolism during reperfusion. These findings support the hypothesis that excitation-induced hyper-metabolism plays a major role in the ischemic insult following focal cerebral vascular occlusion.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Evaluation of the first Medical Psychiatry Unit in Japan.

The first Medical Psychiatry Unit (MPU) in Japan was established in 1990. The clinical experience during the first 4 years of this unit is presented, and the characteristics of the Unit between its first 2 years and its latter 2 years are compared. The number of patients, the average length of stay, the primary psychiatric disorders, the combined physical diseases and their outcomes are presented. The data suggest that while the experience of the MPU is limited, it plays an important role in Japan as (i) an appropriate clinical setting for patients with combined medical and psychiatric illness, (ii) a strategic model for dealing with psychiatric patients in the general hospital, (iii) an educational setting for psychiatric residents to become more familiar with medicine and surgery, and (iv) an opportunity for non-psychiatric residents to become familiar with psychiatric illnesses and treatments.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Depression among cancer patients.

This study was done to investigate the frequency of co-morbidity and to demonstrate the best method for assessing depression among cancer patients. The subjects were 50 (25 male and 25 female) cancer patients and 50 (25 male and 25 female) medically ill patients. All subjects were interviewed by psychiatrists and were administered psychological tests such as SAS (self-rating anxiety scale), SDS (self-rating depression scale), POMS (Profile of Mood States), HADS (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale) and DRP (Depression-related personality traits). The psychiatric interview revealed that 44% of cancer patients and 38% of the medical patients had mental disorders according to DSM-IV. The most frequently observed disorder was depression, which was seen in 28% of the cancer patients and 30% of the medical patients. The cancer patients with depression scored significantly higher on the DRP and the Anger mood state of POMS than did the medically ill patients with depression. In addition, most psychological tests employed had no discrimination between depressed and normal subjects among the cancer and the medical patients. However, it was found that the Depression scale in HADS (HADS-D) split depressed patients from normal subjects since the HADS-D was composed of items that were not concerned with physically ill conditions.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Subclinical depressive symptoms in HIV are related to avoidance coping responses: a comparison with end-stage renal failure and breast cancer.

We examined the relationship between coping responses and mood states among three samples of patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection (n=26), end-stage renal failure (n=98), and breast cancer (n= 60). Avoidance scores differed significantly across the groups, being highest in those with HIV infection. The avoidance scores were significantly and positively correlated with depression scores. However, patients with HIV infection did not fulfill the diagnostic criteria for major depression. Although patients with HIV infection may have minor psychiatric symptoms, results suggest that the symptoms are not strong enough to warrant a psychiatric diagnosis of mood disorder. It might be clinically important to attend to avoidance behaviors and thoughts which may develop into the manifestation of depression.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1995

Psychiatric evaluation of physical rehabilitation patients.

We conducted a study to demonstrate the frequency and types of psychiatric/psychological symptoms. A Structured Interview according to the DSM-III-R was conducted which demonstrated that 46 (41.4%) of 111 rehabilitation inpatients met the criteria for some forms of psychiatric disorders: 34 patients for major depression, 10 for adjustment disorder with anxious mood, and 2 for posttraumatic stress disorder. The remaining 65 patients (58.6%) showed normal reactions to their diseases. Average length of hospital stay for patients with major depression was significantly longer than those with no or the other types of psychiatric disease. They were also tested with Zung's Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS), Zung's Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS), and Profile of Mood States (POMS). Three psychological tests were useful in detecting depression or adjustment disorder among rehabilitation patients; however, these tests are not always specific to the type of psychiatric disorders. Patients with higher scores in those three tests should be referred to a psychiatric consultant for detailed examinations and proper treatments, if necessary.

Adjustment Disorders↗
PubMed1995

Validity and reliability of the Japanese version of the Stress and Coping Inventory.

We examined the validity and reliability of the Japanese version of the Stress and Coping Inventory (SCI) among 170 Japanese college students and 234 healthy subjects. The validity and reliability of this version of the SCI in the college student group were supported by significant test-retest correlations, relatively high internal consistency coefficients, and adequate correlations with the Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations (CISS). AS for the healthy subject group, the reliability was supported by relatively high internal consistency coefficients, although further analyses, such as test-retest, are required. The Japanese version of the SCI appears to be suitable for use among college students.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1995

Application of the relaxation technique in general hospital psychiatry.

The present article demonstrates the clinical application and the efficacy of relaxation techniques in general hospital psychiatry in Japan. During April to December 1993, 20 patients were treated with progressive muscle relaxation and "modified' autogenic training therapies. The targeted symptoms were anxiety attacks (or panic attacks), neurotic insomnia, hyperventilation syndrome, agoraphobia, chronic pain, and distress. Most patients (18/20) improved rapidly with the use of these techniques and their excellence encourages increased use in general hospital psychiatry for the following reasons. First, physically ill patients are likely to show unexpected reactions to psychotropic medications. Second, some patients prefer these treatment methods rather than medications because they feel that they are participating voluntarily in their own treatment and also because they are fearful of being addicted to tranquilizers. Third, these treatments have produced rapid improvement especially for patients with panic attacks and/or hyperventilation. This study strongly suggests that progressive muscle relaxation and "modified' autogenic training are simple and useful methods which can be easily employed in the clinical practice of general hospital psychiatry.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1995

Sociocultural differences on hostility in alexithymic persons.

A recent comment by I. Alex Rubino on the personality correlates of alexithymia implied that there are several important areas for further discussion. Sociocultural differences in ethnicity (Japanese and Italian) may need to be taken into account for an understanding of the divergent findings.

Affective Symptoms↗
PubMed1995

Coping styles among Japanese women with breast cancer.

In order to investigate changes in coping styles before and after diagnosis of cancer, and the relationship between coping styles and emotional states among Japanese women, we conducted a study using the Profile of Mood States (POMS) and Dealing With Illness-Coping Inventory. Coping methods such as active-cognitive, active-behavioral and avoidance were found to be more frequently used after the women were diagnosed with cancer than before (p < 0.001). There were also positive correlations between active-reliance behavior and tension-anxiety and depression, between cognitive-passive behavior and depression and lack-of-vigor, between passive-resignation behavior and anger-hostility and confusion, and between avoidance-solitary behavior and anger-hostility, fatigue, depression, lack-of-vigor and confusion. In conclusion, a diagnosis of cancer causes a patient to use more frequently avoidance behavior as well as active coping styles, and these passive/avoidance coping styles are often correlated with negative emotions. These results imply that patients with breast cancer need support considering the relationship between passive/avoidance coping styles and negative emotions.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1994

Psychiatric evaluation of rehabilitation patients.

Patients undergoing physical rehabilitation have experienced a severe object loss and it is suggested that many patients in rehabilitation might have psychiatric disorders. We conducted a study to demonstrate the frequency and kinds of psychiatric and psychological symptoms. A Structured Interview according to the DSM-III-R was conducted, which demonstrated that 27 (43.5%) out of 62 rehabilitation inpatients met the criteria for some form of psychiatric disorders; 22 patients for major depression and five for adjustment disorder with anxious mood. The remaining 35 patients (56.5%) showed normal reactions to their diseases. They were also administered Zung's Self-rating Anxiety Scale (SAS), Zung's Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS) and Profile of Mood States (POMS). These three psychological tests were useful in detecting depression or adjustment disorder among rehabilitation patients; but they were not always specific to the type of psychiatric disorders. Patients with higher scores in these inventories should be referred to a psychiatric consultant for detailed examinations and proper treatment if necessary.

Adjustment Disorders↗
PubMed1994

Emotional states of patients with hematological malignancies: preliminary study.

We conducted a study to demonstrate the kinds and frequencies of psychiatric symptoms among 31 inpatients with malignant hematological diseases. The DSM-III-R (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders, third edition-revised, 1987) structured interview and three psychological tests, such as the Self-rating Anxiety Scale, Self-rating Depression Scale and Profile of Mood States, were administered. The structured interview demonstrated 29.0% of the patients to have met the criteria for some form of psychiatric disorder, i.e., two for major depression and seven for adjustment disorder (three with depressed mood, two with anxious mood and two with mixed emotional features). Of the remaining 22 patients (71.0%) none met the criteria for psychiatric disorders. Of the five patients who knew their true diagnoses, three were assessed as having adjustment disorder with depressed mood and one as having major depression. Also, among the five patients on chemotherapy, four met the criteria for psychiatric disorders. Adjustment disorders were fewer among Japanese patients with malignant hematological diseases than among patients from previous studies in western countries, which can be explained by the patients' defense mechanism such as 'denial' and/or the less frequent 'truth-telling' in Japan. In addition, since the diagnostic criteria or psychological scales contain physical symptoms, they should be arranged or revised if applied to patients with life-threatening diseases such as hematological malignancies.

Adult↗