[Physiopathology of the aged and their management--mental care of the aged patients].
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Aged↗
Biomedical subjects
T Hosaka
Publications and source records attributed to T Hosaka.
[Necessity of psychiatric education in graduate medical training].
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Education, Medical, Graduate↗
Factors associated with the effects of a structured psychiatric intervention on breast cancer patients.
The authors developed a structured group intervention for Japanese breast cancer patients. This program is a series of five 90-minute sessions including psycho-education, problem-solving, psychological support, relaxation training, and guided imagery. The aim of this study was to investigate discriminating factors between the improving and non-improving group. From November 1996 through November 1998, 110 patients participated in this study. Out of 110 patients, 9 failed to complete the five sessions. Nine did not return the questionnaire 6 months later, due to death of 3 individuals and re-location of 6. The remaining 92 patients were analyzed. The subjects were administered the Profile of Mood States (POMS) at entry and 6 months after the completion. According to the overall change in Total Mood Disturbances scores of the POMS, 69 subjects were categorized into the improving group and 23 into the non-improving group. This study defined several factors which discriminated between the improving and the non-improving group. These factors can be summarized as: (1) 'good relationship with doctors', (2) 'family support/understanding', (3) 'more intervention benefit', and (4) 'no comorbid adjustment disorders' at entry. Further modification is suggested such as an educational approach for family members to increase their understanding/support and also additional support for patients with adjustment disorders is suggested.
Adjustment Disorders↗
Translin binds to the sequences adjacent to the breakpoints of the TLS and CHOP genes in liposarcomas with translocation t(12;6).
Myxoid and round-cell liposarcomas share the translocation t(12;16)(q13;p11) creating the TLS-CHOP fusion gene as a common genetic alteration. We previously reported several unique characteristics of genomic sequences around the breakpoints in the TLS and CHOP loci, and among them was the presence of consensus recognition motifs of Translin, a protein that associates with chromosomal translocations of lymphoid neoplasms. We further extended our search for Translin binding motifs in sequences adjacent to breakpoints and investigated whether Translin binds to these sequences in vitro by mobility-shift assay. Computer-assisted search found sequences highly homologous (>70%) with Translin binding motifs adjacent to the breakpoints in 10 out of 11 liposarcomas with the TLS-CHOP fusion genes. All of 13 oligonucleotides corresponding to the putative binding sequences in these cases bind to Hela cell extract and also recombinant Translin protein, although the binding affinity of each motif showed considerable differences. The DNA-protein complex formation was inhibited by non-labeled competitor or anti-Translin antibody, suggesting the specificity of the complex formation. Considering the high incidence and specific binding property, the presence of Translin binding motif may be one of the important determinants for the location of breakpoints in the TLS and CHOP genes in liposarcomas.
Binding Sites↗
Factors correlated with fatigue in disease-free breast cancer patients: application of the Cancer Fatigue Scale.
Fatigue is one of the most frequent symptoms in cancer patients. However, the precise causes of this fatigue are still unknown, and this situation makes it difficult to combat the problem. The present study was conducted to investigate factors correlated with fatigue in disease-free breast cancer patients. A group of 134 randomly selected ambulatory breast cancer patients who had undergone successful surgical treatment participated. They completed the Cancer Fatigue Scale, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, the Mental Adjustment to Cancer Scale, and an ad hoc questionnaire detailing physical symptoms, social support, and demographic variables at home and returned them by mail the following day. Multiple regression analysis revealed that fatigue was significantly correlated with dyspnea, insufficient sleep, and depression, and that these three variables accounted for a total of 46% of variance in fatigue. Factors concerned with the cancer and treatment, such as disease stage, lymph node metastasis, number of days since operation, past intravenous chemotherapy, radiotherapy, current use of fluoropyrimidine compounds, and current use of tamoxifen citrate were not correlated with fatigue. The results suggest that fatigue in this population is determined by current physical and psychological distress rather than by the cancer itself and prior cancer treatments, and that the management of dyspnea, insomnia, and depression might be important in reducing fatigue in this population.
Adult↗
Development and validation of the cancer fatigue scale: a brief, three-dimensional, self-rating scale for assessment of fatigue in cancer patients.
We herein describe the development and validation of the Cancer Fatigue Scale (CFS) for assessment of fatigue in cancer patients. We designed this scale specifically to reflect the nature of fatigue experienced by cancer patients, by using factor analysis; the CFS is a 15-item scale composed of 3 subscales (physical, affective, and cognitive subscales). Three hundred seven cancer patients participated in the validation phase. Construct validity, confirmed by repeating factor analysis, was good. Convergent validity, confirmed by a correlation between CFS and a visual analogue scale for fatigue, was also shown to be good (r = 0.67, P < 0.001). The CFS had good stability (average test-retest reliability r = 0.69, P < 0.001) and good internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha coefficient for all 15 items = 0.88). The present study indicates that the CFS is a brief, valid, and feasible measure of fatigue for use with cancer patients.
Adolescent↗
Application of telepsychiatry: a preliminary study.
Telemedicine is the provision of professional medical services from sites removed from the patient. This study was conducted in order to assess the reliability of psychiatric evaluations via video-consultation. The inter-rater reliability was determined for each interviewing condition by employing the reliability-testing paradigm in which the brief psychiatric rating scale (BPRS) and the interclass correlation coefficient (ICC) are used. The inter-rater reliability scores between face-to-face interviews and interviews conducted by video at two different levels of image qualities were compared by the authors. Reliability was found to be in perfect agreement in each of the interviewing conditions. This study verifies that telepsychiatry is a reliable method of assessing patient conditions. It may be used to provide much needed mental health-care services to patients whose access to them is restricted.
Adult↗
Persistent effects of a structured psychiatric intervention on breast cancer patients' emotions.
The aim of the present study was to investigate persistence of the clinical effectiveness of a 5-weekly structured group intervention program for Japanese breast cancer patients. Each program is a series of five 90-min sessions, which include psycho-education, problem-solving, psychological support, relaxation training, and guided imagery. Fifty-seven patients with breast cancer participated in the program and the 47 who completed were analyzed. The results of the Profile of Mood States (POMS) scores were compared before, just after, and 6 months after the intervention. According to the change in POMS scores, the clinical effectiveness of a structured group intervention program persisted for 6 months for the patients who had no psychiatric diagnoses at entry. By contrast, this 5-weekly intervention program did not show persistent effects for patients who had a psychiatric diagnosis at entry. Therefore, additional intervention would be needed for patients with psychiatric diagnosis at entry.
Adjustment Disorders↗
High incidence of SV40-like sequences detection in tumour and peripheral blood cells of Japanese osteosarcoma patients.
Recent studies have revealed the evidence for the significance of SV40 genome in human malignancies. In this paper, the presence of SV40-like sequences was investigated in 54 Japanese osteosarcomas in which mutations of the retinoblastoma (Rb), p53, MDM2, and CDK4 genes had been already analysed. Using polymerase chain reaction and Southern hybridization, SV40-like sequences were detected in 25 cases (46.3%). In most cases, only a part of SV40 genome was detected, and the regulatory region containing enhancer sequences was most frequently found (21/54, 38.9%). There was no apparent relationship between the presence of SV40-like sequences and tumour suppressor genes mutations in each tumour. The SV40-like sequences were also detected in peripheral blood cells of substantial proportion of the patients (43.3%), whereas the incidence was much lower (4.7%) in normal healthy controls. This difference is statistically highly significant (P < 0.0001), suggesting that the presence of SV40-like sequences, even if only a part, may play some roles to predispose individuals to osteosarcoma.
Adolescent↗
Presence of oxidized protein hydrolase in human cell lines, rat tissues, and human/rat plasma.
Oxidized protein hydrolase (OPH), an 80 kDa serine protease whose activity is inhibited by diisopropyl fluorophosphate (DFP), has been isolated from human erythrocytes [Fujino, T. et al. (1998) J. Biochem. 124, 1077-1085]. The presence of OPH in various biological samples was examined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and immunoblotting using an anti-OPH antibody raised against OPH purified from human erythrocytes, and by [(3)H]DFP-labeling and successive SDS-PAGE/fluorography. Solubilized samples of human cell lines including K-562 cells, THP-1 cells and Jurkat cells, and rat tissues including brain, heart, liver, kidney, and testis, inhibited the anti-OPH antibody binding to OPH in ELISA. Immunoblotting of lysates of K-562 cells, THP-1 cells and Jurkat cells showed four immunoreactive protein bands including an 80 kDa protein. Immunoprecipitation of the [(3)H]DFP-labeled K-562 cell lysate and successive SDS-PAGE/fluorography showed the presence of only the 80 kDa DFP-reactive protein with OPH antigenic activity. The level of the 80 kDa immunoreactive protein in K-562 cells rose as the cells differentiated toward erythrocytes. Immunoblotting of human and rat plasma showed two immunoreactive protein bands, including the 80 kDa protein, and SDS-PAGE/fluorography of [(3)H]DFP-labeled rat and human plasma showed the presence of only the 80 kDa DFP-reactive protein. The results indicate that OPH is present in a wide variety of biological samples.
Animals↗
Melatonin secretion from organ-cultured pineal glands of rats: modulation by gonadectomy and gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist administration.
The objective of the study was to evaluate the effect of pretreatments such as gonadectomy in male and female rats, and gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRHa) administration in female rats, on levels of secretion of melatonin, using an organ culture of pineal glands. Gonadectomy 2 weeks before the animal was killed increased the amount of melatonin secreted into the medium by the pineal glands of female rats but not of male rats. The increase in in vitro melatonin secretion after ovariectomy in female rats was prevented by estrogen replacement. Ovariectomy 3 and 4 weeks before death also significantly increased the amount of melatonin secretion. Administration of GnRHa 2 weeks before decapitation significantly decreased serum estradiol concentrations and significantly increased melatonin secretion by the pineal glands of female rat. GnRHa administration 3 or 4 weeks before decapitation also significantly decreased serum estradiol concentrations, but did not increase pineal secretion of melatonin. The results indicate that ovariectomy increases melatonin secretion from organ-cultured pineal glands and that this increase is suppressed by estrogen in adult female rats. In contrast, orchiectomy in male rats does not influence in vitro secretion of melatonin. These results suggest that the GnRH-gonadotropin system may participate in the regulation of pineal melatonin secretion in adult female rats.
Animals↗
Persistence of the benefits of a structured psychiatric intervention for breast cancer patients with lymph node metastases.
The aim of this study was to investigate the persistence of clinical effectiveness of a 5 week structured group intervention program for Japanese breast cancer patients. A total of 47 patients with breast cancer completed the full program. The results of the Profile of Mood States (POMS) scores were compared before, immediately after, and 6 months after the intervention program. As analysed by POMS scores, the clinical effectiveness of a structured group intervention program persisted for 6 months for patients without nodal metastases. In contrast, the intervention program did not show a lasting effect for patients with nodal metastases. This study demonstrated the short-term effectiveness of structured interventions among Japanese cancer patients, but persistence of the effects of intervention was found only among patients without nodal metastases. For patients with nodal metastases, additional intervention would be needed.
Adult↗
Effects of a structured psychiatric intervention on immune function of cancer patients.
The aim of the present study was to examine the influence of mood state and coping styles on the immune function in Japanese breast cancer patients who participated in a structured group intervention program. The program consisted of five-weekly 90-minute sessions, including psycho-education, psychological support, problem-solving technique and relaxation/imagery. Out of 77 breast cancer patients who participated in this program, 34 were eligible for measurement of immune functions because they received adjuvant chemotherapy. Comparison of the pre- and post-intervention scores of the Profile of Mood States (POMS) revealed significant decreases in Depression (p < 0.05), Lack-of-Vigor (p < 0.01), Tension-Anxiety (p < 0.01), Confusion (p < 0.05) and Total Mood Disturbances (p < 0.01), as expected. Concerning coping styles, there were tendencies to decrease the score of active-cognitive coping (p = 0.09), although the differences were not statistically significant. In contrast, the pre- and post-intervention values of immune parameters such as CD3, CD4, CD8, CD4/8 and natural-killer cell activity showed no significant differences. In this report, we discuss several possibilities underlying these findings. Further studies with a larger number of subjects and controls are needed to reach conculusions.
Adaptation, Psychological↗
Characteristics of genomic breakpoints in TLS-CHOP translocations in liposarcomas suggest the involvement of Translin and topoisomerase II in the process of translocation.
Fusion of TLS/FUS and CHOP gene by reciprocal translocation t(12;16)(q32;q16) is a common genetic event found in myxoid and round-cell liposarcomas. Characterization of this genetic event was performed by three methods, Southern blot, RT-PCR, and genomic long-distance PCR in nine myxoid and three round-cell liposarcomas. All but one tumors showed genetic alternations indicating the fusion of TLS/FUS and CHOP gene. Two novel types of fusion transcripts were found, of which one lacked exon 2 sequence of CHOP gene, and the other lacked 3' half of exon 5 of TLS gene. The latter case was caused by a cryptic splicing site which was created by the genomic fusion. Detailed analyses genomic fusion points revealed several sequence characteristics surrounding the fusion points. Homology analyses of breakpoint sequences with known sequence motifs possibly involve in the process of translocation uncovered Translin binding sequences at both of TLS/ FUS and CHOP breakpoints in two cases. Translocations were always associated with other genetic alterations, such as deletions, duplications, or insertions. Short direct repeats were almost always found at both ends of deleted or duplicated fragments some of which had apparently been created by joining of sequences that flank the rearrangement. Finally, consensus topoisomerase II cleavage sites were found at breakpoints in all cases analysed, suggesting a role of this enzyme in creating staggered ends at the breakpoint. These data suggested that sequence characteristics may play an important role to recruit several factors such as Translin and topoisomerase II in the process of chromosomal translation in liposarcomas.
Artificial Gene Fusion↗
Comorbidity of depression among physically ill patients and its effect on the length of hospital stay.
This study was carried out to demonstrate the prevalence of depression among physically ill patients and to investigate its effects on the length of hospital stay. Out of 65 inpatients (44 male, 21 female; 51 with benign and 14 with malignant diseases), 14 (21.5%) met the criteria for major depression in the DSM-IV. The average length of hospital stay was compared according to the comorbidity with major depression. Among the patients with benign diseases, those with major depression stayed longer (P<0.05) at the hospital than those without it (82.2 vs. 36.0 days). Likewise, among the cancer patients, those with major depression stayed longer than those without it (83.8 vs. 51.4 days), although this was not significantly different. The duration of hospitalization needs to be shortened because of the reduction in national medical costs, the economics of hospital administration and the quality of life of patients and their families. Further research is needed to demonstrate the role of consultation-liaison psychiatry in the shortening of hospitalization.
Adult↗