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Biomedical subjects

T Horne

Publications and source records attributed to T Horne.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

Gastric Emptying Half-time Following Silastic Ring Vertical Gastroplasty: A Scintigraphic Study (Preliminary Results).

BACKGROUND: The mechanism for weight loss following gastroplasty surgery is unknown. A few studies have checked gastric emptying patterns following gastroplasty, but none have analyzed their pattern over time. METHODS: Gastric emptying half-time of Tc-99 phytate-labeled semi-solid meal was studied in 23 obese non-diabetic and one diabetic patient (BMI 34.6-55.7). Gastric emptying was measured by gamma scintigraphy before Silastic Ring Vertical Gastroplasty (SRVG) and 1, 3 and 6 months following surgery. RESULTS: Gastric emptying half-times were maximal in all areas of the stomach 1 month after operation, declined to base-line 3 months following the procedure, and showed statistically significant delay in the upper area of the stomach 6 months after the operation. No correlation was found between the delay in food passage following surgery and loss of weight. CONCLUSIONS: Prolongation of gastric emptying half-time following surgery may be a result of two separate mechanisms: asymptomatic or early inflammatory processes in the ring area and pouch distention as a result of partial denervation.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1995

Lateral neck imaging for spatial localization of parathyroid tissue.

Two patients with an ectopic parathyroid adenoma are described. In both cases the lesions were clearly demonstrated in an anterior view on T1-201/Tc-99m scintigraphy, but were not identified during the first surgical exploration. Failure to identify the ectopic adenoma at surgery in the second patient led to oblique and lateral views being obtained. These views permitted correct depth localization. We, therefore, believe that lateral and oblique views can be of assistance in improving preoperative localization of an ectopic parathyroid adenoma.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1993

Effect of dietary manipulations on glomerular filtration rate of mice offspring of nephrectomized mothers.

We have previously reported that mice, offspring to uninephrectomized mothers, have greater than normal kidneys with supernumerary glomeruli. In this study we assessed glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in 40 mice offspring of nephrectomized mothers and 40 mice offspring of sham-nephrectomized animals aged 7 weeks. Each group was divided into 4 equal subgroups according to the following dietary manipulations: regular, high protein, high salt and high protein/high salt. At the end of 1 week, GFR was determined by 51Cr EDTA. In the first group, GFR was significantly greater in each experimental subgroup compared to control. In the offspring of sham-nephrectomized mothers, only the subgroup on the combined diet had a significantly greater GFR. We conclude that the capacity to raise GFR in response to dietary manipulations is greater in offspring of nephrectomized mothers. It remains to be elucidated whether the difference results from the increased number of nephrons or from an augmented single nephron GFR reserve.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Unusual causes of I-131 metaiodobenzylguanidine uptake in non-neural crest tissue.

Three patients with clinical suspicion of pheochromocytoma were studied with metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) labeled with I-123 or I-131. In these three patients, marked uptake of the radiopharmaceutical was demonstrated in tissues that were subsequently proven not to be of neural crest origin. Furthermore, extensive biochemical evaluations and long-term followup definitively excluded pheochromocytoma in all three. Therefore, these three cases represent unexpected "false-positive" MIBG uptake.

3-Iodobenzylguanidine↗
PubMed1990

Loaves & fishes by the sea. One answer to resource allocation.

How can community units ensure that services are provided on the basis of need rather than history? This article describes the efforts being made in Portsmouth and South East Hampshire (one of the country's largest health authorities) to meet this fundamental challenge. The approach taken is to match information on workloads, health care needs and neighbourhoods to facilitate effective resource management.

Catchment Area, Health↗
PubMed1989

Hyperostosis corticalis generalisata: surgical management and long-term follow-up of one patient.

A 24-year-old woman presented for treatment of her distorted facial appearance. She showed marked widening of the face and skull, which had first become noticeable in childhood. Significant thickening of the cortical bone was seen radiographically throughout the skeleton. Routine laboratory and endocrinological tests showed normal results. These findings, together with a family history of bone disorder, led to the diagnosis of hyperostosis corticalis generalisata. The lower border of the mandible was resected, resulting in improved facial appearance. During the 8-year follow-up, no changes were seen with regard to the mandible.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Lipid cell tumor of the ovary: steroid hormone secretory pattern and localization using 75Se-selenomethylcholesterol.

Ovarian lipid cell tumors are rare and can be difficult to localize by conventional means. We report a postmenopausal patient where rapid progression of symptoms and very high sebum levels suggested the presence of such a tumor which could not be visualized by computed tomography or ultrasound. Localization was accomplished noninvasively using 75Se-selenomethylcholesterol. Peripheral and ovarian vein steroid concentrations suggest that the tumor produced androgens preferentially by way of the delta 4 steroidogenesis pathway.

Adrenal Rest Tumor↗
PubMed1987

Observations on the function of normal adrenomedullary tissue in patients with phaeochromocytomas and other paragangliomas.

123I-MIBG is a norepinephrine analogue used for imaging phaeochromocytomas and other paragangliomas. In this study 7 normal volunteers and 31 subjects with high or borderline high plasma catecholamine and urinary metanephrine and VMA levels were investigated. In the normals the uptake by the adrenal medulla was in the range of 0.01%-0.21% of the injected dose at 22 h. In 22 subjects there was no evidence for any paraganglioma, with the uptake by the adrenal medulla in the range of 0.01%-0.22% of the injected dose at 22 h. In nine patients there was evidence of a paraganglioma on imaging which was confirmed on surgery. The uptake by the tumours was in the order of 0.001%-0.14% of the injected dose per gram of tumour tissue. In all nine cases the non-tumorous adrenal medulla could be visualized; the uptake in the adrenals was in the range of 0.01%-0.21% of the injected dose. This study shows that in the presence of elevated plasma catecholamines of tumour origin the unaffected adrenal medullary tissue retains the capacity for 123I-MIBG uptake. In the two cases also studied by adrenal venous sampling, catecholamine release was also within the normal range.

3-Iodobenzylguanidine↗
PubMed1987

Uptake of iodine-123 MIBG by pheochromocytomas, paragangliomas, and neuroblastomas: a histopathological comparison.

The percentage uptake of [123I]metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) by tumors of the paraganglion system is compared with the number of neurosecretory granules (assessed by both light and electron microscopy) in the subsequently resected tumors in six patients. Iodine-123 MIBG was injected intravenously; the tumor uptake of [123I]MIBG varied between 0.001% and 0.14% of the injected dose per gram of tumor tissue at 22 hr. The number of neurosecretory granules in tissue sections was scored on a scale of I-III. A direct proportional correlation was found between the percentage uptake of [123I]MIBG by the tumor and the number of neurosecretory granules in the tissue sections but not with plasma or urinary catecholamines. This technique for imaging reflects the storage status of the tumor better than plasma and urinary catecholamine measurements.

3-Iodobenzylguanidine↗
PubMed1987

Quantitation of iodine-123 MIBG uptake by normal adrenal medulla in hypertensive patients.

Eighteen hypertensive patients with a clinical suspicion of pheochromocytoma and raised or borderline raised plasma catecholamine and urinary vanillyl mandelic acid (VMA) levels were studied by scintigraphy using 123I-labeled metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG). None of these patients had any scintigraphic evidence of pheochromocytoma at the time of study or on subsequent clinical follow-up. A quantitative approach was taken to calculate the adrenal medullary uptake of [123I]MIBG in these patients. Three different methods of quantitation were evaluated using data acquired from an anthropomorphic phantom and analysed by three independent observers. In the patient studies 34 out of 35 adrenal medullas were visualized with uptake in the range of 0.01-0.22% of the administered dose 22 hr postinjection which was calculated using the preferred quantitation method. This is an appropriate control group range for comparison with patients who have proven norepinephrine and epinephrine secreting tumors. A quantitative approach to [123I]MIBG imaging provides an important tool for studying adrenomedullary pathophysiology.

3-Iodobenzylguanidine↗
PubMed1986

Total and intrarenal flow distribution in healthy subjects: technique, acute effects of ibopamine and of indoramin.

A technique is described for measuring an index of cardiac output, total and individual renal plasma flow, cortical and juxtamedullary nephron flow non-invasively in man with a single injection of 123I-o-iodohippurate. Ibopamine, a dopamine analogue, was administered orally, 200 and 600 mg, in a double-blind, placebo-controlled cross-over study in 6 healthy subjects. No change in pulse, blood pressure, cardiac output, urea, creatinine or electrolytes was seen. Ibopamine reduced effective renal plasma flow and cortical nephron flow and increased urine flow significantly. This may be due to differential vasoconstrictor and vasodilator effects on the two populations of nephrons. Indoramin, and alpha-1 postsynaptic adrenoceptor blocker, was administered orally, 50 mg, in a double-blind, placebo-controlled cross-over study in 14 healthy young males. No change in pulse, cardiac output, urea, creatinine or electrolytes was seen. Indoramin significantly reduced upright but not supine blood pressure and significantly increased effective renal plasma flow. Cortical nephron flow and juxtamedullary nephron flow tended to rise. Plasma renin activity was significantly elevated although there was no change in urinary sodium output. The effect of drugs on intrarenal blood flow distribution may be relevant to the management of essential hypertension.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Cerebral blood flow in hypertensive patients with cerebrovascular disease: technique for measurement and effect of captopril.

Nineteen patients with unilateral cerebrovascular disease underwent cerebral blood flow (CBF) measurements; ten had been receiving conventional therapy and then were studied after treatment with captopril without or with a diuretic and nine on conventional therapy were studied twice as a control group. CBF (ml min-1) was measured after an intravenous injection of 99Tcm-labelled patient's red cells with a computer linked gamma camera over the vertex and a probe over the aorta. With deconvolution analysis regional CBF is given by regional cerebral volume divided by regional mean transit time. Results in the captopril group showed on average a 10% fall in mean blood pressure and a 10% rise in blood flow to the affected hemisphere. In the control group there was on average a 4% fall in pressure, together with an 11% fall in CBF to the affected hemisphere. Captopril appears to maintain autoregulation in cerebrovascular disease.

Adult↗