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Biomedical subjects

T Horie

Publications and source records attributed to T Horie.

At least 361 records · Page 20Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

[Serum and urinary neopterin levels in sarcoidosis].

Serum and urinary neopterin levels were determined by high pressure liquid chromatography in 26 patients with pulmonary sarcoidosis and 12 healthy controls. Neopterin levels were significantly higher in sarcoidosis patients than in the controls. Neopterin levels differed from serum angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) activities and were significantly higher in radiologic stage 1 and 2 than in radiologic stage 0 in patients not receiving prednisolone. No significant correlation was found between neopterin level and serum ACE activity. On the other hand, a significant correlation was found between neopterin level and serum adenosine deaminase activity. We believe that serum and urinary neopterin levels may be a more clinically valuable method of assessing pulmonary sarcoidosis than serum ACE activity.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

[Clinical significance of electroencephalograph in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus].

The electroencephalograms (EEGs) of 120 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), were evaluated with regard to clinical manifestations and laboratory findings. On the initial 120 records, abnormal EEGs were observed in 109 patients (90.8%). Epileptiform patterns were also observed in 33 patients (27.5%). Diffuse alpha wave, theta wave, and delta wave appeared to be unique findings of basic wave activity in EEGs of SLE patients. Paroxysmal abnormalities of spike and wave complex, spike, and sharp wave were frequently observed. These paroxysmal abnormalities appeared to be easily exaggerated by hyperventilation or sleep. Focal abnormal discharges were also observed. The incidence of abnormal EEGs of the patients with central nervous system involvement (CNS lupus), did not differ from that of non-CNS lupus i.e. 24/30 (80.0%) vs 82/93 (88.2%). On the other hand, regarding the severity of abnormal EEGs, CNS lupus manifested severer findings than those of non-CNS lupus. As to the EEG abnormality, female patients, younger patients less than 30 years old, flared patients, and patients receiving prednisolone more than 30 mg/day had severer EEG findings than those of each counterparts. The patients who had once manifested neuropsychiatric disorders and/or immunologic abnormalities (anti-deoxynucleic acid antibody, anti-DNA antibody), showed severe findings on EEG. Epileptiform patterns were frequently observed in patients receiving lower prednisolone doses (30 mg/day or less), although they did not correlate with disease activity. Patients with arteriosclerosis obliterans or aortitis syndrome, demonstrated only mild abnormalities on EEGs and they had not shown any epileptiform patterns.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Kinetic analysis of hepatobiliary transport of organic anions in Eisai hyperbilirubinemic mutant rats.

The hepatobiliary transport of nonmetabolizable organic anions [cefodizime, dibromosulfophthalein, and indocyanine green (ICG)] was kinetically analyzed in Eisai hyperbilirubinemic rats (EHBR; Sprague-Dawley-derived mutant rats with conjugated hyperbilirubinemia). In EHBR, the biliary excretion of these anions was remarkably impaired, whereas the alteration in initial plasma disappearance was minimal. The kinetic analysis of the disposition of these ligands revealed 1) that the transport rate via bile canalicular membrane was severely impaired in EHBR for cefodizime and dibromosulfophthalein and 2) that the intracellular transport rate of ICG was decreased in EHBR, which contributed more than the decrease in the canalicular membrane transport to the net reduction of the excretion rate of ICG in EHBR. The latter finding was also supported by the in vitro results; the binding of ICG to ligandin(s) in EHBR was less extensive compared with that in normal rats, resulting in the higher distribution of ICG to organelle. Because the ligand molecules bound to organelle diffuse within the cells much more slowly than the molecules in the cytosol, the higher distribution of ICG to organelle in EHBR results in the reduction in the intracellular transport rate. These results indicate that the differential impairment mechanisms can be proposed for the excretion of organic anions: One is the impairment in the transport rate across the canalicular membrane, the other is the impairment in the intracellular transport rate.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

[A case of piperacillin-induced pneumonitis].

A 43-year-old woman was treated with piperacillin (PIPC) for spiking fever. Although she was afebrile, fever recurred on the 18th day of PIPC administration with progressive dyspnea and diffuse ground glass shadows on the chest X-ray. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) showed marked increase of total cell number and percentage of lymphocytes and a reduction of the ratio of CD4/CD8. Transbronchial lung biopsy (TBLB) specimen revealed interstitial infiltration of lymphocytes and histiocytes with granulomatous lesions. The drug lymphocyte stimulation test (DLST) was positive for PIPC. Based on these findings, the diagnosis of PIPC-induced pneumonitis was made. Recently, the incidence of drug-induced pneumonitis has increased, but to our knowledge this is a rare case report of PIPC-induced pneumonitis.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Evaluation of adriamycin-induced lipid peroxidation.

Lipid peroxidation is known to be a mechanism for Adriamycin-induced toxicity. In the present study, two methods which detect fluorescent substances and high molecular weight protein aggregates in peroxidized membranes were applied to Adriamycin-induced lipid peroxidation in liver microsomes. A rat liver microsomal suspension containing an NADPH-generating system was incubated with Adriamycin. Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBA-RS), formed during this incubation, were transferred from the microsomes to the medium. Fluorescent substances determined by the fluorescence emitted from both the microsomes themselves and the chloroform/methanol extracts of the microsomes, were found to be formed during this incubation. High molecular weight protein aggregates determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, were also formed. Fluorescent substances and high molecular weight protein aggregates were found in microsomal membranes themselves and increased time dependently. These substances retained in membranes can be of great use to delineate the site of Adriamycin-induced lipid peroxidation in vitro and in vivo and to determine how this lipid peroxidation affects the membrane.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Developmental aspects of a unique glutathione S-transferase subunit Yx in the liver cytosol from rats with hereditary hyperbilirubinuria. Comparison with rat fetal liver transferase subunit Yfetus.

The unique glutathione S-transferase (GST) subunit Yx, which is undetectable in normal adult rat liver cytosol, was shown to occur in the liver cytosol of rats with hereditary hyperbilirubinuria (EHB). The Yx subunit is a member of the Alpha-class GST subunits, and is immunologically closely related to the Yc subunit. The Yx subunit has an apparent M(r) of 26,400, different from those of Ya (M(r) 25,800), Yb1 and Yb2 (both M(r) 27,200) and Yc (M(r) 28,400). During postnatal development in livers of EHB rats, the Yx subunit concentration in either sex was highest during the first week post partum and declined rapidly with age. Although the concentration of subunit Yx at 8 weeks of age accounted for about 60% in females and 40% in males of that observed in 1-week-old 'neonatal' male EHB rats, concentrations in females thereafter increased gradually to almost the neonatal level and remained at this high level at least up to 37 weeks of age, whereas the concentration in males did not increase again. Thus the post-pubertal Yx subunit concentration was 2-fold higher in females than in males. In contrast, in normal Sprague-Dawley rat liver, the Yfetus subunit, with the same M(r) as the Yx subunit, had the highest concentration in 10-day-old animals, declined rapidly thereafter, and was not detectable in the post-pubertal period. The Yfetus subunit was also immunoreactive with an antibody against GST YcYc. The analysis of GST subunits by reverse-phase h.p.l.c. revealed that the Yx subunit was eluted at a retention time different from other known subunits, but coincided with that of Yfetus. The N-terminal amino acid sequence of the Yx subunit displayed a high degree of sequence similarity to that of the Yfetus subunit. These data suggest that the Yx subunit in EHB rats may be very similar to, if not identical with, the Yfetus subunit.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1992

Canalicular transport of reduced glutathione in normal and mutant Eisai hyperbilirubinemic rats.

We have characterized the transport of GSH and the mechanism for impaired GSH transport in mutant Eisai hyperbilirubinemic rats (EHBR) using isolated canalicular membrane-enriched vesicles (cLPM). In control animals, the transport of GSH is an electrogenic process and is trans-stimulated by preloading the vesicles with GSH and is not enhanced in the presence of ATP. GSH transport in cLPM is saturable with a single component having a Km of approximately 16 mM and a Vmax of 6.7 nmol/mg/15 s. EHBR is a Sprague-Dawley rat with hyperbilirubinemia due to impaired bile secretion of organic anions by the ATP-dependent organic anion/GSH-conjugate transporter. In cLPM from EHBR we confirmed the defective stimulation by ATP of the transport of LTC4 and GSSG. In the mutant cLPM, the characteristics and kinetics of GSH transport were the same as in the controls. 2,4-(dinitrophenyl)-glutathione (DNP-GSH), which is a substrate for the ATP-dependent canalicular organic anion carrier, in the absence of ATP, cis-inhibited the transport of GSH into cLPM vesicles; however, when the vesicles were preloaded with DNP-GSH, there was a dose-dependent trans-stimulation of GSH transport. In contrast, in the presence of ATP, DNP-GSH enhanced GSH transport in cLPM vesicles; at 0.25 mM DNP-GSH, a concentration which did not cis-inhibit GSH, addition of ATP resulted in accelerated GSH transport; at 1.0 mM DNP-GSH, cis-inhibition was completely reversed by the addition of ATP despite a negligible fall in the medium DNP-GSH. Interestingly, sulfobromophthalein-glutathione (BSP-GSH) neither cis-inhibited nor trans-stimulated GSH transport in cLPM. This contrasts with bLPM where BSP-GSH interacts with the GSH carrier. Therefore, GSH is transported into bile by a multispecific low affinity electrogenic carrier which is distinct from the multispecific high affinity ATP-driven organic anion transporter. Although both carriers have overlapping specificities, BSP-GSH and GSH are uniquely specific for only one of the carriers. The near absence of GSH in the bile of mutant rats can be best explained as a secondary defect due to cis-inhibition from retained substrates for the defective carrier and/or loss of trans-stimulation by these same substrates which normally are concentratively transported into the bile. Other possibilities such as change in GSH carrier activity upon isolation or loss of a negative protein regulator during membrane isolation, although theoretical alternatives are less easily reconciled with the defect in the ATP-driven organic anion transporter.

Adenosine Triphosphate↗
PubMed1992

Fluorospectroscopic analysis of the fluorescent substances in peroxidized microsomes of rat liver.

The fluorescent substances formed in rat liver microsomes in the course of lipid peroxidation were investigated by fluorescence techniques. The fluorescence emitted from peroxidizing microsomes continuously increased as lipid peroxidation progressed, while the steady-state fluorescence anisotropy increased and then reached a plateau. A similar increase was observed in the steady-state fluorescence anisotropy of 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene in peroxidizing microsomes. The fluorescence from peroxidized microsomes consisted of at least three species having short, middle or long fluorescence lifetimes. The lifetimes and relative amplitudes of fluorescence were unaffected by the extent of lipid peroxidation. Both fluorescence of the chromolipids extracted and the proteins isolated from peroxidized microsomes had the same characteristics in fluorescence lifetimes as the fluorescence from whole peroxidized microsomes. Thus, these lipids and proteins appear to be the major biological substances responsible for the fluorescence emanating from whole peroxidized microsomes. Furthermore, fluorescent substances formed in microsomes seem to increase in quantity rather than change in quality as lipid peroxidation progresses.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

The monocyte tumor necrosis factor-alpha production in patients with acute leukemia in complete remission.

Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) production by unstimulated and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated peripheral monocytes has been studied in 17 acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients, 54 AML patients in complete remission (AML-CR), 9 acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) patients and 13 ALL patients in complete remission (ALL-CR). TNF-alpha production by the unstimulated monocytes in ALL patients (n = 6, mean: 6.6 +/- 4.9 u/ml) was higher than that of normal controls (n = 13, 0.9 +/- 0.7 u/ml), AML patients (n = 14, 2.0 +/- 2.1 u/ml) and AML-CR patients (n = 21, 1.4 +/- 1.2 u/ml). TNF-alpha production by the LPS-stimulated monocytes of the AML-CR patients (n = 54, 12.4 +/- 13.4 u/ml) was significantly higher than that of the normal controls (n = 21, 3.5 +/- 2.5 u/ml) and the AML patients (n = 17, 2.6 +/- 2.4 u/ml), p < 0.01, but there were not any significant differences among the AML-CR patients and the ALL patients or the ALL-CR patients. We separated the AML-CR patients into 3 groups, depending on the length of their remission, and found that AML-CR patients with longer than 6 months (M) but less than 60 M (n = 21, 15.7 +/- 16.9 u/ml) and the patients with a remission longer than 60 M (n = 11, 18.2 +/- 15.9 u/ml) had significantly higher TNF-alpha production than that of the controls.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1992

Serum soluble CD4, CD8 and IL-2R levels in adult acute myeloid leukemia in remission.

We have measured the serum levels of soluble CD4, CD8 and IL-2R in 43 patients with AML in complete remission (AML-CR). The sCD8 levels of AML-CR patients (443.9 +/- 224.4 u/ml) were significantly high as compared to that of the normal controls (177.1 +/- 76.3 u/ml), p < 0.01. The sIL-2R levels of AML-CR patients were 715.0 +/- 646.3 u/ml, which significantly differed when compared to 322.1 +/- 65.7 u/ml for the normal controls, p < 0.01. However, the sCD4 levels of AML-CR patients were 9.6 +/- 4.7 u/ml, which did not differ from the 8.3 +/- 2.6 u/ml of the normal controls. The AML-CR patients showed significantly increased sCD8 and sIL-2R levels at all ranges during the remission from one to 188 months. The sCD8 levels and sIL-2R levels of the AML-CR patients showed a close correlation, p < 0.01. Further, the sCD8 levels and lymphokine activated killer cell cytotoxic activity showed a close correlation, p < 0.05. The presence of the activation of anti-tumor immunity may be related to the continuance of the remission in the AML-CR patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Increased soluble CD4 and decreased soluble CD8 molecules in patients with Sjögren's syndrome.

PURPOSE: A new enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for soluble CD4 (sCD4) and soluble CD8 (sCD8) molecules has been developed. We estimated the concentrations of these molecules in patients with Sjögren's syndrome and in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) serving as a control population for non-Sjögren's inflammatory disease, since several findings suggestive of an aberration of immunocompetent cells have been reported in these autoimmune diseases. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The study population consisted of 41 patients with Sjögren's syndrome (28 cases of the primary form and 13 cases of the secondary form), 66 patients with SLE, and 43 normal individuals. Serum samples and clinical and laboratory data were collected from each patient and control. Assays of the sCD4 and sCD8 molecules were performed using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent kit developed by T Cell Science Inc., Cambridge, MA. RESULTS: The concentration of sCD4 was significantly increased in patients with both primary and secondary Sjögren's syndrome as compared with that in the control subjects. In contrast, sCD8 was significantly decreased in patients with primary disease but not in patients with secondary disease. A low or high concentration of sCD8 was significantly correlated with the presence of anti-SS-A antibody or hypocomplementemia, respectively. A similar significant correlation was noted between an increased sCD4 concentration and increased serum IgG level. In patients with SLE, the levels of both sCD4 and sCD8 were significantly increased. CONCLUSION: These observations represent the first evidence of an increased level of the sCD4 molecule and a decreased level of the sCD8 molecule and an association with immunologic abnormalities in Sjögren's syndrome. The increased and decreased levels of these soluble molecules observed may play a pathologic role in patients with Sjögren's syndrome.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

A survey of tardive dyskinesia in psychiatric inpatients in Japan.

To investigate the prevalence of tardive dyskinesia (TD) in a group of psychiatric patients receiving low doses of antipsychotic drugs, we examined 647 Japanese inpatients (361 men and 286 women) with a mean age of 49.8 years, receiving a mean dose of antipsychotic drugs of 276.8 mg of chlorpromazine equivalent. TD was diagnosed according to the criteria of Schooler and Kane with the Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale. The overall prevalence of TD was 22.3%. Mild TD was found in 67.4% of TD patients, moderate TD in 29.2%, and severe TD in 3.5%. The TD patients were older (59.0 years) than those without this condition (47.2 years). The prevalence of TD increased with advancing age until the 7th decade, when it reached a plateau. The dose of daily antipsychotic drugs was lower in the TD patients (207.6 mg) than in the patients without TD (296.6 mg). The duration of primary illness was longer in the TD patients (28.9 years) than in the patients without TD (20.4 years). Patients receiving antiparkinsonism drugs showed TD less frequently (20.7%) than those not receiving such drugs (31.0%). No significant associations were found between the presence of TD and sex or primary illness.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Quantitative EEG of elderly schizophrenic patients.

To investigate the brain function of elderly schizophrenic patients, quantitative EEGs of such patients were compared with those of healthy elderly controls. In schizophrenics, increases in delta and slow theta (4.0-6.0 Hz) waves were thought to be due to the influence of antipsychotics. Characteristic EEG features of these patients included the following: 1) more fast theta (6.0-8.0 Hz) wave was observed, with less alpha wave faster than 9.0 Hz, 2) the reduction in alpha 3 (10.0-11.0 Hz) wave was limited to the frontal regions. The present EEG findings are thought to characterize the traits of the subtype of chronic severe schizophrenia. The reduction in alpha 3 wave in the frontal regions may be one expression of the hypofrontality of schizophrenia.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1992

High molecular weight protein aggregates formed in the liver of the rat following large doses of paracetamol.

Paracetamol (200 and 500 mg kg-1) was given intraperitoneally to rats pretreated with 3-methylcholanthrene for 3 days. Glutamic oxalacetic acid transaminase (GOT) activity in plasma increased in rats receiving 500 mg kg-1 paracetamol. Plasma GOT activity was low at the dose of 200 mg kg-1, but the same dose to diethyl maleate pretreated rats increased the GOT activity. High mol. wt protein aggregates were found to be formed in liver homogenates and microsomes of rats which showed high plasma GOT activity, accompanied by depletion of hepatic glutathione. The formation of protein aggregates in the liver of rats following large doses of paracetamol suggests a contribution of lipid peroxidation to paracetamol-induced hepatotoxicity.

Acetaminophen↗
PubMed1992

Species difference and tissue distribution of uridine diphosphate-glucuronyltransferase activities toward E6080, 1-naphthol and 4-hydroxybiphenyl.

The apparent in vitro kinetic constants of uridine diphosphate-glucuronyltransferase (UDP-GT) activities towards E6080, 1-naphthol (1-N) and 4-hydroxybiphenyl (4-HB) were determined using microsomes, to assess the effect of inducing agents and evaluate species and tissue differences. In rats, the 3-methylcholanthrene and beta-naphthoflavone treatments increased the Vmax app/KM app values for E6080, 13- and 8-fold, and those for 1-N, 1.9- and 1.7-fold, respectively, but did not affect those for 4-HB. Phenobarbital was ineffective on the UDP-GT activity toward E6080. In rats and rhesus monkeys, the intestinal mucosa had higher specific UDP-GT activity toward E6080 than did the liver, and the rank order of the Vmax app/KM app value for E6080 in the intestinal mucosa was rhesus monkey > rat > guinea pig > beagle. In guinea pig, the Vmax app/KM app value for E6080 in the liver was 4 times higher than that in the intestinal mucosa. Both the Vmax app/KM app values for 1-N and 4-HB in the liver of all species studied were higher than those in the intestinal mucosa, and guinea pig liver showed the highest values, while, about the Vmax app for 1-N and 4-HB, beagle liver had the highest values. In the beagle intestinal mucosa, the Vmax app/KM app values for all 3 substrates studied were extremely low.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗