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Biomedical subjects

T Horai

Publications and source records attributed to T Horai.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

[A bronchial carcinoid tumor in a patient with a high level of serum carcinoembryonic antigen].

A 76-year-old man was admitted to our hospital with a cough and bloody sputum. The level of serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) was high (528.6 ng/ml), and the chest X-ray film revealed a large mass shadow in the lower left lung field. Bronchoscopic examination revealed complete obstruction of the left basal bronchus by a polypoid tumor coated with a white necrotic substance. Histologic examination of a specimen of the tumor led to the diagnosis of carcinoid. Left lower lobectomy and S5 segmentectomy were done. The operative diagnosis was also histologically carcinoid tumor. Immunohistochemical staining for CEA showed strong reactivity in tumor cells. The serum CEA level was normal when measured 2 months after the operation. Therefore, the excess serum CEA measured before the operation was probably secreted by tumor cells.

Aged↗
PubMed1995

Ileoanal anastomosis and ileoanal canal anastomosis in Japan: comparative retrospective study.

A questionnaire survey of ten institutions in Japan revealed that restorative proctocolectomy accounted for 81.8% of the surgical procedures performed in patients with UC in the last 5 years (1989-1993); ileoanal anastomosis (IAA) and ileo-anal canal anastomosis (IACA) were performed in 63% and 33% of these patients, respectively. Comparison of the two series showed that IACA was technically simpler and yielded better continence, but that it entailed a potential risk of recurrence of the disease in the remaining anal canal mucosa. Although IACA seems to be a useful surgical option for UC, until the long-term outcome of the procedure can be elucidated. It may be better regarded as a very low variation of IRA rather than as an improved technical version of IAA.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Clinicopathological study of anorectal mucosa in total colectomy with mucosal proctectomy and ileoanal anastomosis.

OBJECTIVE: To find out whether the extent of inflammation of the anorectal mucosa affects the quality of the mucosectomy and postoperative function in patients undergoing total colectomy with mucosal proctectomy and ileoanal anastomosis. DESIGN: Prospective study. SETTING: University hospital. SUBJECTS: 33 patients with ulcerative colitis and 17 with familial adenomatous polyposis. INTERVENTIONS: With the patient in the prone jackknife position, the anorectal columnar mucosa above the dentate line was removed transanally by the forceps coagulation technique. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Score of histological appearance on light microscopy. RESULTS: All the patients with ulcerative colitis had moderate (n = 17, 52%) or severe (n = 16, 48%) inflammation, and their mean histological score was 12 (range 7-16). The patients with polyposis had little or no inflammation, and a mean histological score of 0.4 (range 0-2). The mucosectomy became more difficult as the severity of the inflammation increased, but there were no significant differences between the two groups in operating time, blood loss, or bowel function postoperatively. CONCLUSION: Though mucosectomy is technically more difficult in the presence of severe inflammation, there were no adverse effects on bowel function postoperatively.

Adenomatous Polyposis Coli↗
PubMed1993

Induction of in vitro tumor cell invasion of cellular monolayers by lysophosphatidic acid or phospholipase D.

Serum is known to be required for invasion or phagokinesis of certain tumor cells, although the mechanism of its action is not well understood yet. In the in vitro invasion assay system we have developed, MM1 cells exhibiting extensive invasiveness against cultured mesothelial cell monolayers in the presence of 10% fetal calf serum did not invade them without serum. Human small cell lung cancer (OC10) cells also required serum in invasion. Serum could be completely substituted by oleoyl-lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) or bacterial phospholipase D (PLD). Phosphatidic acid also had an invasion-inducing activity, though to a lesser degree. Since human ovarian cancer (RMUG-S) cells require neither serum, LPA nor the PLD for invasion of mesothelial cell monolayers, the production of phospholipid like LPA, a candidate for intracellular second messenger, in tumor cells seems critical for the invasion by MM1 cells or OC10 cells. This result suggests a possible participation of particular signaling cascade, PLD-LPA(PA) system, in the invasion of certain tumor cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Electrophysiological study of superficial abdominal reflexes in normal men.

We studied the superficial abdominal reflexes of 83 normal men, using as stimuli a train of electrical pulses or a needle scratch. Electrical stimulation delivered to the midline of the abdominal wall evoked, almost symmetrically on both sides, two reflex discharges: an early response having an oligophasic wave form, and a late response of polyphasic wave form. The threshold of the early response significantly exceeded that of the late response. With repetitive stimulation, the late response generally revealed habituation. Electrical stimulation of the unilateral abdominal wall evoked two responses on the stimulated side, whereas it evoked only the late response on the contralateral side. A needle scratch on the unilateral abdominal wall evoked one reflex discharge with a long latency and a polyphasic wave form. This response occurred generally on the stimulated side and became habituated to repeated scratching. These observations suggest that the superficial abdominal reflexes elicited by electrical stimulation are composed of two reflex discharges with a different reflex arc. They appear to closely resemble the blink reflex. The response elicited by needle scratching is thought to correspond to the late response of the electrically elicited abdominal reflexes.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Photodynamic therapy for cancers: a clinical trial of porfimer sodium in Japan.

Photodynamic therapy utilizing Photofrin has proven to be an effective modality that can be used in the treatment of a wide variety of solid tumors and luminal cancers. An argon pumped dye laser or excimer dye laser was used to deliver 630 nm light via quartz fibers passed through the biopsy channel subsequent to i.v. injection of photosensitizer. In this study, 64 patients with superficial cancers were treated in this manner but only 58 patients, including 21 with roentgenographically occult lung cancer, 8 with stage I lung cancer, 5 with esophageal cancer, 12 with gastric cancer, 8 with cervical cancer and 4 with bladder cancer were evaluable. Complete remission was obtained in 48 out of 58 cases (82.8%). There was no serious complication except skin photosensitivity, which was seen in 13 patients. We conclude that photodynamic therapy is efficacious in the treatment of superficial cancers where complete remission may be achieved.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

A prospective phase II study on photodynamic therapy with photofrin II for centrally located early-stage lung cancer. The Japan Lung Cancer Photodynamic Therapy Study Group.

PURPOSE: A phase II study was conducted between June 1989 and February 1992 to evaluate the activity and toxicity of photodynamic therapy (PDT) with photofrin II in centrally located early-stage lung cancer and to determine the complete response (CR) rate as the primary end point. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Patients had histologically proven lung cancer and endoscopically superficial thickening or small protrusions. All lesions were located in subsegmental or larger bronchi. All patients had a performance status (PS) of 0 to 2 and arterial oxygen pressure tension (PaO2) > or = 60 mm Hg. No lymph node or distant metastases were present. All patients received photofrin II (2 mg/kg) intravenously 48 hours before PDT. Tumor lesions were superficially photoradiated by an argon dye laser or an excimer dye laser. RESULTS: Of 54 patients with 64 carcinomas, 51 with 61 carcinomas were eligible for toxicity evaluation and 49 with 59 carcinomas were assessable for response. Of the 59 assessable carcinomas, 50 (84.8%; 95% confidence interval, 73.0% to 92.8%) showed a CR after initial PDT. The median duration of CR was 14.0+ months (range, 2.0+ to 32.4+). The multiple regression model indicates that estimated length of longitudinal tumor extent was the only independent prognostic factor for CR (P = .002). Five carcinomas that had a CR had a local recurrence at 6, 10, 12, 16, and 18 months after initial PDT, respectively. Toxicity assessment (World Health Organization [WHO] grade 2) showed transient elevation of ALT (1.9%), pulmonary toxicity (7.7%), and allergic reaction (7.7%), as well as sunburn (1.9%). CONCLUSION: PDT with photofrin II has an excellent effect on patients with centrally located early-stage lung cancer who have limited tumor invasion extending over a small area (< or = 1 cm).

Aged↗
PubMed1993

[Photodynamic therapy (PDT) in roentgenographically occult lung cancer by photofrin II and excimer dye laser].

UNLABELLED: Patients (pts) with hilar type early lung cancer from 5 hospitals served as the subjects to assess the complete response rate and toxicity of PDT with Photofrin II (PHE) and excimer dye laser (PDT EDL-1). ENTRY CRITERIA: 1. Histologically proven lung cancer with endoscopically superficial thickening or small protrusion. 2. All lesions that were located proximally from the subsegmental bronchus, were visible to the distal margin of the lesions. 3. N0M0. METHOD: All pts received PHE (2 mg/kg) i.v., 48 hours before PDT. Tumor lesions superficially photoradiated by an excimer dye laser via flexible bronchoscope. RESULTS: From September 1990 to March 1992, 39 pts with 46 carcinomas (CA) were enrolled. Thirty-three pts with 40 CA were evaluable. 1. RESPONSE: Thirty-five in 40 CA showed a complete response (CR) (87.5%, 95% confidence limit: 73.2-95.8%). All 32 cases of CA equal to or less than 1 cm of tumor length were CR, but 3 CA relapsed locally. Thirty-three of 35 CA visible to the distal margin were CR (91.7%, 95% confidence limit: 77.5-98.3%). 2. Toxicity (> WHO grade 2): Three pts (7.7%) had transient dermatitis and sunburn, while another pt (2.6%) had symptoms due to obstructive pneumonitis. CONCLUSIONS: Tumors equal to or less than 1 cm in length and visible to the distal margin are curable by PDT.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

Clinical and histopathologic evaluation of the expression of Ha-ras and fes oncogene products in lung cancer.

The expression of Ha-ras and fes oncogenes was investigated with the immunohistochemical method in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue specimens of 147 lung carcinomas. Positive immunoperoxidase reactions for Ha-ras p21 were found in 80.5% of the adenocarcinomas, 39.5% of the squamous cell carcinomas, 21.4% of the large cell carcinomas, and 15.4% of the small cell carcinomas; those for fes P85 were found in 51.2% of the adenocarcinomas, 26.3% of the squamous cell carcinomas, 35.7% of the large cell carcinomas, and 15.4% of the small cell carcinomas. Both Ha-ras p21 and fes P85 were expressed most frequently and most strongly in adenocarcinoma. In addition, adenocarcinoma showed significantly higher incidence of concomitant expression of Ha-ras p21 and fes P85 as compared with other histologic types of lung cancer. Thus, the authors suggest that the cooperative effects of Ha-ras and fes oncogenes are especially important in the carcinogenesis of adenocarcinoma. In adenocarcinoma, the incidence and grade of Ha-ras p21 expression increased with the degree of histologic differentiation, suggesting that Ha-ras oncogene might be related to cellular differentiation. Papillary adenocarcinoma showed more frequent Ha-ras p21 expression in comparison with acinar adenocarcinoma. In well- or moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma, the incidence and grade of Ha-ras p21 immunoreactivity in the cases with poor prognosis were significantly higher than in those with good prognosis if other major prognostic factors were equivalent in the two groups. The authors propose that the expression of Ha-ras p21 may be one of the useful prognostic factors in such carcinomas.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1992

Lipocortin-present perforating and lipocortin-absent nonperforating Crohn's disease.

To investigate whether Crohn's disease has two different clinical forms, a relatively aggressive perforating type and a more indolent nonperforating type, we compared the concentrations of lipocortin and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in the inflamed mucosa of 12 patients with strictly controlled Crohn's disease with those found in histologically normal mucosa of control subjects. The inflamed mucosa obtained from eight patients with nonperforating Crohn's disease did not react with antilipocortin antibody on immune blot analysis. In contrast, the inflamed mucosa from four patients with perforating Crohn's disease, as well as that obtained from histologically normal controls, contained lipocortins. In addition, higher concentrations of intramucosal ileal and colonic PGE2 were found in patients with nonperforating Crohn's disease (902 +/- 454 pg/wet weight [WW] mg and 1,268 +/- 567 pg/WW mg, respectively) compared with normal controls (90.2 +/- 43.1 pg/WW mg and 173 +/- 76.5 pg/WW mg, respectively) (p less than 0.01). The difference in intramucosal ileal and colonic PGE2 levels between patients with perforating Crohn's disease (109.6 +/- 16.7 pg/WW mg and 252 +/- 34.4 pg/WW mg, respectively) and normal controls was not significant. These findings indicate that there may be two distinct patterns of Crohn's disease that differ in the amount of lipocortin present in the intestinal mucosa.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Protein kinase C activity of colonic mucosa in ulcerative colitis.

Protein kinase C (PKC) activity was measured in the inflamed colonic mucosa of 24 patients with ulcerative colitis and in the normal colonic mucosa of 10 patients with other benign diseases. The particulate fraction activity in ulcerative colitis mucosa was significantly increased compared with that of normal mucosa (320 +/- 47 versus 200 +/- 30 pmol/min/mg protein; p less than 0.05). Inflamed ulcerative colitis mucosa also showed significantly increased total PKC activity in the particulate fractions compared with normal mucosa (147 +/- 26 versus 37 +/- 8 pmol/min/mg tissue; p less than 0.05). Mucosal samples from ulcerative colitis patients were divided into 12 with mild and 12 with severe inflammation by histologic examination. The particulate PKC activity of severely inflamed mucosa was significantly lower than that of mildly inflamed mucosa (p less than 0.05). These results indicate that colonic inflammation in ulcerative colitis may be associated with altered cellular PKC activity.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Increased protein tyrosine kinase activity of the colonic mucosa in ulcerative colitis.

The protein tyrosine kinase (PTK) activity was measured in the inflamed colonic mucosa of 12 patients with ulcerative colitis and in the normal colonic mucosa of 12 control patients with colon cancer. The specific PTK activity in the particulate fraction obtained from ulcerative colitis mucosa was significantly increased compared with that of normal mucosa (5.10 +/- 0.60 pmol/min/mg versus 2.12 +/- 0.44 pmol/min/mg protein; p less than 0.05). Inflamed ulcerative colitis mucosa also showed a significantly higher total PTK activity in the particulate fraction than normal mucosa (2.60 +/- 0.42 pmol/min/g versus 0.91 +/- 0.16 pmol/min/g tissue; p less than 0.05). Mucosal samples from ulcerative colitis patients were divided into those with mild and those with severe inflammation on histologic examination (n = 6 each). The particulate PTK activity of severely inflamed mucosa was significantly higher than that of mildly inflamed mucosa (p less than 0.05). These results suggest that colonic inflammation in ulcerative colitis is associated with alterations in cellular PTK activity.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Interactions of lung cancer cells with the human mesothelial cell monolayer: an in vitro model for cancer invasion.

An in vitro monolayer model for cancer invasion was developed, comprising cultured layers of human pleura-derived mesothelial cells (PM cells). The cells were isolated from normal human pleura at autopsy and cultured in RPMI-1640 supplemented with 10% fetal calf serum; they were polygonal in shape, forming a pavement-like structure, and preserved the morphologic characteristics of mesothelial cells. When small cell lung cancer cells (OC-10 cells) were seeded on to the monolayer of PM cells, they attached themselves to the monolayer, invaded it and formed flattened cancer cell nests beneath it. By counting the number of cancer cells penetrated, the in vitro invasiveness (invasive capacity) of the cancer cells was assayed. The invasive capacity of poorly invasive cells (10N), which were cloned from OC-10 cells, was five times less than that of the parental OC-10 cells. These results indicate our system to provide a useful model for studying human cancer cell invasion.

Carcinoma, Small Cell↗