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Biomedical subjects

T Honma

Publications and source records attributed to T Honma.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

[Clinical analysis of MRSA pneumonia. Niigata Research Group of MRSA.ABK].

Aged or immuno-compromised patients were mostly affected, by pneumonia caused by infection of MRSA, and more than half of the cases were superinfected with glucose-nonfermentative Gram-negative rods including Pseudomonas aeruginosa. These patients were treated with a monotherapy of arbekacin (ABK) by intravenous drip administration or with a combination of ABK and imipenem/cilastatin, ceftazidime or antifungals. The clinical efficiencies were 55.6% in 11 monotherapy cases and 83.3% in combined therapy. MRSA was eradicated in 31.9% of the patients. These results are comparable with, or superior to the vancomycin therapy in the treatment of MRSA pneumonia. When MRSA is isolated from sputum of pneumonia patients, the discrimination between colonization and infection is important, but the diagnosis is very difficult in many clinical cases before the initiation of chemotherapy. The number of bacteria and the grade of inflammation should be carefully scored before starting a chemotherapy.

Aged↗
PubMed1994

[Prognosis of interstitial pneumonitis (IP) in polymyositis (PM)/dermatomyositis (DM)].

IP, the major complication of PM/DM, is closely related to the life of these patients. In this study the course and prognosis of IP associated with PM/DM were investigated. Thirty IP patients with PM/DM were divided into 4 groups according to the course of IP. Clinical manifestations, laboratory data, chest radiographs and treatment were examined retrospectively. Eleven cases improved (Group I), 11 cases were exacerbated (Group E), 3 cases were unchanged (Group U), 2 cases died due to rapid progression of IP (Group D) and 3 cases dropped out. Both Group D patients were middle aged female DM patients without CPK elevation. All cases were treated with corticosteroids. The clinical manifestations, laboratory data, chest radiographs and initial dose of corticosteroid were not markedly different between Group I and E. The total dose of corticosteroids during the first 3 months tended to be higher in Group I than in Group E. Unlike idiopathic interstitial pneumonitis, the decrease in lung volume on chest radiographs improved after the treatment in 5 cases. We conclude that IP associated with PM/DM should be treated initially with high doses of corticosteroids.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Interleukin 6-producing malignant mesothelioma.

Systemic amyloidosis of the amyloid A (AA) type, is occasionally associated with various neoplasms, but the cause is still unclear. We obtained interleukin 6 (IL-6)-producing cells designated YO from a primary culture of a malignant peritoneal mesothelioma of epithelial type obtained from a 62-year-old woman. Post mortem examination revealed that the patient had systemic amyloidosis of the AA type. The supernatant media of YO cells, as well as recombinant human IL-6, successfully induced nonneoplastic liver cells to produce serum AA (SAA). Our data suggest that IL-6 produced by the tumor cells may have played an important role in the paraneoplastic syndrome of AA amyloidosis in this patient.

Amyloidosis↗
PubMed1993

Ultrastructure of endothelial cell necrosis in classical erythema nodosum.

As evidence of vascular involvement in classical erythema nodosum unassociated with Behçet's disease, the occurrence of endothelial cell necrosis based on the development of dark cell degeneration was observed by electron microscopy in the vasculature of the dermis and subcutaneous fat. The incidence of endothelial cell necrosis in all segments of the microcirculatory system was roughly 20% in three of 12 patients. The remaining nine patients showed a very low rate of necrosis, including two patients in whom endothelial cell necrosis was totally absent. The presence of necrotic endothelial cells that are forced out and eliminated by neighboring intact endothelial cells into the vascular lumen is closely associated with thrombus formation in the cutaneous vasculature. The incidence at which endothelial cell necrosis occurs in classical erythema nodosum is not always high; however, it is concluded that endothelial cell necrosis may play a significant role in the pathogenesis of erythema nodosum.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

[High dose nicardipine therapy for delayed cerebral vasospasm after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage].

The effect of high dose nicardipine on delayed cerebral vasospasm was studied in 33 patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Intravenous infusion of nicardipine started before or immediately after early operation. The dosage was from 4 to 10 mg/h with an average of 7.4 mg/h. The duration was from 2 to 17 days with an average of 12.3 days. Symptomatic vasospasm was observed in only one (3%) out of 33 patients. The remaining 32 patients (97%) showed neither ischemic symptoms nor low-density areas on computed tomography. Severe angiographical vasospasm was diagnosed in 3 patients, who entered hospital on day 3 to 5 after initial attacks. They were operated upon on day 4 to 6 under the administration of nicardipine before or immediately after the operation. No patients showed symptomatic vasospasm and angiographical vasospasm was improved markedly. The present study demonstrated that high dose nicardipine appeared to prevent both brain ischemia and angiographical vasospasm after aneurysmal SAH.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

[A case of spontaneous rupture of the ascending aorta].

We report a rare case of spontaneous rupture of the ascending aorta without any evidence of aneurysm formation or aortic dissection. A woman aged 64 was admitted to our cardiac care unit as an emergency patient with severe chest pain. Her face was pale and systolic blood pressure was 70 mmHg in spite of intravenous administration of dopamine (10 micrograms/kg/min). She had a history of hypertension for two years under good medical control. No trace of the chest trauma was noted before her admission. Physical examination revealed neck vein engorgement and distant heart sounds. Chest X-ray film showed enlargement of the cardiac silhouette. ECG showed no evidence of acute coronary syndrome. Pericardial effusion with a floating hematoma-like mass was detected by 2-dimensional echocardiogram. Pericardiocentesis revealed bloody pericardial fluid (Ht: 26%). Aortagraphy was performed resulting in a clinical diagnosis of acute aortic dissection, but there were no signs of a false lumen, aneurysm formation or extravasation of the contrast medium. Although continuous pericardial drainage was performed, she suddenly lost consciousness, collapsed and died. A longitudinal intimal laceration 5 cm long was observed in the ascending aorta. Pathological examination revealed cystic medial necrosis and irregularity of the elastic fibers in the media. No atheromatous plaque was noted in the intima. Spontaneous rupture of the aorta is a life-threatening condition that requires urgent surgery.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Aged↗
PubMed1992

Problems related to dorsal root entry zone lesions.

Several clinical problems related to the dorsal root entry zone lesions (DREZLs) in 15 patients with chronic pain are presented and discussed in terms of ratings of pain relief following surgery, development of sensory or motor weakness and postmortem histologies. Subjective pain relief exceeding 70% was achieved at around 2 weeks after the operations in most patients (13/15), and then decreased in some to 30 from 70% in the follow-up observations. Our new "objective" pain relief score was tested in these patients. A significant positive correlation between subjective pain relief and our objective pain relief scale was found, but some discrepancies between them were also found during the follow-up. Sensory loss, motor weakness, paraesthesia and a new pain were found as complications in 12, 7, 4 and 6 patients, respectively. Postmortem histological findings of the spinal cord in two patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and uterine cancer, who received bilateral DREZLs twice and bilateral DREZLs plus commissural myelotomy, respectively, indicate that care should be taken to avoid extension of the coagulation beyond the dorsal horn.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

A prostacyclin analogue reduces free radical generation in heart-lung transplantation.

The mechanism by which prostacyclin acts to prevent in vivo reperfusion injury is still uncertain. This study was therefore undertaken to assess the effect of a stable prostacyclin analogue (OP 41483-alpha-CD [OP]) on oxygen-derived free radicals after heart-lung transplantation. OP was administered to the heart-lung graft through the pulmonary artery for 25 minutes encompassing the reperfusion process. Free radicals were directly measured by electron spin resonance spectroscopy. The radical intensities of pulmonary venous blood were significantly lower in the OP group than in the control group, suggesting that fewer free radicals were generated in the lungs of the OP group. The cardiac and respiratory function were better in the OP group than in the control group. The lung is the primary source of oxygen free radical attack, and the beneficial action of OP on free radical generation is almost exclusively restricted to the lung and does not apply to the heart. This result suggested that OP probably is effective in inhibiting free radical generation from the endothelium.

Adenosine Diphosphate↗
PubMed1992

Myofibroblastic pseudotumor mimicking epididymal sarcoma. A clinicopathologic study of three cases.

The clinical and pathologic features of three cases of epididymal pseudotumor are described with emphasis on its differential diagnosis and histopathogenesis. The first lesion was found histologically worrisome in the region of ductus epididymis by a torsioned testis in an 8-month-old boy, although the lesion was clinically indistinctive, and grossly not remarked. Histodiagnostic difficulties are encountered because this lesion forms numerous infiltrative spindle cells in haphazard arrangement. Ultrastructurally, the cell components of this lesion are predominantly myofibroblasts, intermediate cells between fibroblasts and myocytes. Similar epididymal lesions with the same cell components were identified in the two other infantile cases on the review of 36 consecutive orchiectomy specimens all obtained for testicular torsion. These three boys were found to present with a relatively gradual clinical course of the testicular torsion. It is suggested that myofibroblastic proliferation in the epididymal location histologically reminiscent of sarcomas occurs under ischemic circumstances.

Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMed1992

Brain microdialysis study of the effects of hazardous chemicals on the central nervous system. 1. Changes in monoamine metabolites induced by cerebral methyl bromide administration measured by two-probe microdialysis (TPMD) method.

The two-probe microdialysis (TPMD) method, in which two probes were applied simultaneously to the rat head, was developed to directly investigate the effects of chemicals on the brain. The first and the second probes were implanted into the right striatum and the left ventricle, respectively. Chemicals were dissolved in the perfusion fluid and given into the brain by diffusion through the ventricle probe. Monoamine metabolites were recovered through the striatum probe to investigate changes in neurotransmitter substances. Both intraperitoneal and intraventricular administration of haloperidol (a dopamine receptor blocker) increased 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) and homovanillic acid (HVA, dopamine metabolites) concentrations in the striatum. On the other hand, apomorphine (a dopamine receptor stimulant), which was given both intraperitoneally and intraventricularly, decreased striatal DOPAC and HVA concentrations. 5-Hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5HIAA, a serotonin metabolite) concentration was not affected by these drugs. Regarding changes in monoamine neurotransmitters, systemic and intraventricular administration produced similar effects. These findings indicate that the drugs were effectively incorporated into the brain by the TPMD method and the drug effect was observed in the opposite brain hemisphere. In the same procedure as used in the administration of haloperidol and apomorphine, methyl bromide was given into the rat brain. DOPAC and HVA in the striatum were increased by methyl bromide given by the TPMD method. These changes were the same as observed in the homogenate of rat brain exposed to methyl bromide. 5HIAA was reduced by intraventricular administration by the TPMD method, and this change in 5HIAA was not observed in the exposure experiments. We could detect the direct effects of methyl bromide on the brain by the TPMD method.

3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid↗
PubMed1992

Comparison of incidence, mortality and treatment of acute myocardial infarction in hospitals in Japan and China.

Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is one of the most intractable diseases and is increasing rapidly in Japan and China. Two hospitals in Japan and China, the Critical Care Center of Kurume University Hospital and the Chinese Beijing 309 Hospital in China (abbreviated to Beijing 309 Hospital) were compared. The incidence, mortality and treatment of AMI were investigated in both hospitals from 1989 to 1991. The incidence of AMI for all patients admitted during the three years was 5% in Kurume University Hospital and 4.7% in Beijing 309 Hospital, which are similar rates. The average age of the patients in Beijing 309 Hospital was younger (58 +/- 13) than in Kurume University Hospital (64 +/- 11). The mortality rate in Kurume University Hospital was slightly lower than the rate in Beijing 309 Hospital (8.1% vs 8.9%). Thrombolytic therapy was actively performed in both hospitals. In Kurume University Hospital, urokinase (UK: 71.4%) or recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA: 28.6%) was administered by intravenous (85.7%) and intracoronary percutaneous transluminal coronary recanalization (PTCR: 14.3%) injection. In Beijing 309 Hospital, UK (32.7%) or snake poison enzyme (SPE: 62.3%) was administered by intravenous (85.8%) or intra-aortic (14.2%) injection. Rt-PA was only used in Japan and SPE was only used in China, but both had very strong fibrinolytic effects and resulted in high success rates of coronary reperfusion. The incidence of direct coronary intervention with percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) and intra-aortic balloon pumping (IABP) for cardiogenic shock was much higher at Kurume University Hospital than at Beijing 309 Hospital.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[A case of rheumatoid arthritis complicated with pseudotumor around odontoid process successfully treated by methotrexate].

A 69-year-old-female with a history of rheumatoid arthritis since 1975 had suffered from dysesthesia of extremities since October 1989. Radiating pain and weakness occurred when she tried to stand up on Dec. 25 in 1989. She was admitted to our hospital in October 1990. Physical examination showed emaciation, hypesthesia of extremities, hypesthesia over the right chest and back, impaired vibration and position sense, and hyperreflexia. Laboratory findings revealed that the erythrocyte sedimentation rate was elevated to 46mm/hr, rheumatoid factor (RF) to 83.1IU/ml and CRP to 3.7mg/dl. Her blood sugar was high and she was diagnosed as having diabetes mellitus. Cervical X ray film showed atlanto-axial subluxation. A pseudotumor around the odontoid process bulging into the spinal canal and compression of the upper cervical cord was observed by MRI. In spite of administration of bucillamine (100mg/day), the size of pseudotumor did not change. Methotrexate (MTX) at a dose of 5mg/week was started in February 1991 and the pseudotumor decreased in size with a concurrent reduction of ESR, RF and CRP. However, the high intensity lesion by T2 weighed image did not change and dysesthesia persisted. The pseudotumor was thought to be due to pannus and it was revealed that MTX was effective for reduction. The persistent dysesthesia was probably due to the degeneration of the upper cervical cord, although diabetic neuropathy may also have played a role.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

A comparative trial of LC9018 plus doxorubicin and doxorubicin alone for the treatment of malignant pleural effusion secondary to lung cancer.

The efficacy and safety of intrapleural LC9018 (Yakult Co. Ltd., Tokyo, Japan) with or without doxorubicin (Adriamycin; Adria Laboratories, Columbus, OH) were evaluated in a randomized, controlled trial performed in 95 patients with malignant pleural effusions secondary to lung cancer. Seventy-six patients were eligible for the assessment of efficacy. The response rate for treatment with intrapleural doxorubicin plus LC9018 (38 patients) was 73.7%, which was significantly higher than the response rate of 39.5% for the control group treated with doxorubicin alone (38 patients) (P less than 0.01). The LC9018 group also showed a significantly greater improvement in performance status (PS) and symptoms (chest pain, chest discomfort, and anorexia) than the control group (P less than 0.05). A significant prolongation of survival was noticed in the LC9018 group (P less than 0.05). The main side effects of LC9018 were fever and transient hepatic dysfunction, but there were no serious adverse reactions. These results suggest that the intrapleural instillation of LC9018 can be recommended for the treatment of malignant pleural effusions.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed1991

The domain of Epstein-Barr virus nuclear antigen 1 essential for binding to oriP region has a sequence fitted for the hypothetical basic-helix-loop-helix structure.

The domain of Epstein-Barr virus nuclear antigen 1 (EBNA-1) which is essential for binding to a region containing oriP, an episomal replication origin of EBV DNA, was analyzed by DNA binding assay with beta-galactosidase-EBNA-1 fusion proteins. It was revealed that a 159-amino acid (aa) domain, 460-618 aa, of EBNA-1 retained the oriP-binding activity and the domain's activity was abolished by a deletion of 29 aa from its amino-terminal end and by a 38 aa deletion from its carboxyl-end as well. One of five monoclonal antibodies against EBNA-1 specifically inhibited the binding of the beta-galactosidase-EBNA-1 fusion protein to the oriP region. The epitope recognized by the monoclonal antibody was mapped in the crucial 29 aa region. An analysis of the domain's putative secondary structure and a computer search of amino acid sequence homology indicated that the 159-aa domain contains the hypothetical basic-helix-loop-helix structure which is considered to be a common characteristic structure of a family of DNA binding proteins. Examinations of DNA binding activity of the other EBNA polypeptides with a series of fusion proteins and similar structural analyses of their amino acid sequences were also performed. This study suggests that EBNA-1 is a constituent of the family of DNA binding proteins which are involved in transcriptional regulation critical for cell differentiation or cell-type determination.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1991

Spontaneous rupture of the ascending aorta.

A case of spontaneous non-traumatic rupture of the thoracic aorta in a hypertensive patient is presented. The clinical findings suggested acute aortic dissection, and a large pericardial effusion was detected by echocardiography. The typical angiographic features of aortic dissection were not found. Autopsy revealed a longitudinal intimal tear and a rupture in the postero-lateral aspect of the ascending aorta. No false lumen was seen in the ascending aorta. When acute intrapericardial or intrapleural bleeding develops with no evidence of aortic aneurysm or dissection, spontaneous aortic rupture should be suspected.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

Cornexistin: a new fungal metabolite with herbicidal activity.

Cornexistin, a new compound demonstrating promising herbicidal activity, was purified from the culture filtrate of a newly-isolated fungus identified as Paecilomyces variotii SANK 21086. The compound was extracted with organic solvents from the culture filtrate, purified using column chromatography on Sephadex LH-20 and finally crystallized from methylene chloride. Following analysis of its physico-chemical properties it was identified to be a new compound belonging to the nonadride group. Chemical structure elucidation was conducted by analyses of various spectral data and the structure was finally confirmed by means of X-ray crystallographic analysis. Based on its herbicidal characteristics cornexistin may be classified as a postemergence herbicide active against certain young annual and perennial monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous plants with selective protection for corn.

Chromatography↗
PubMed1991

Hydantocidin: a new compound with herbicidal activity from Streptomyces hygroscopicus.

Hydantocidin, a new compound with potent non-selective herbicidal activity, was found in a submerged culture of Streptomyces hygroscopicus SANK 63584. It was isolated from the culture filtrate by the following successive treatments comprised of activated carbon, Diaion HP-20, Dowex 50WX4, and Avicel column chromatographies. Finally it was crystallized as colorless needles from acetone. The molecular formula, C7H10N2O6, was determined by analyses of HRFAB mass spectrum in conjunction with 13C NMR spectrometry. The structural elucidation revealed that it has a unique structure with a spiro-bond between ribose and hydantoin moieties in the molecule. The characteristic herbicidal activities against annuals as well as perennials, including monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous weeds, were observed.

Animals↗