Biomedical subjects

T Honda

Publications and source records attributed to T Honda.

At least 307 records · Page 17Linked to original sources

PubMed1997

Endoscope-assisted intraoral approach for masseteric hypertrophy.

Although conventional intraoral surgery for masseteric hypertrophy is a useful technique, it is considerably difficult to resect the mandibular angle due to the narrow visual field. For the purpose of compensating for the drawbacks of this procedure, we performed endoscope-assisted intraoral surgery on 5 patients with bilateral masseteric hypertrophy, who were successfully treated. The use of an endoscope offers a clear view of the mandibular angle region, thus facilitating accurate and easy resection of the spur.

Adult↗

PubMed1997

Factors affecting the radiologic appearance of peripheral bronchogenic carcinomas.

The use of high-resolution computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging have allowed the detailed description of morphologic findings associated with lung cancer. In particular, the desmoplastic response of lung tissue to tumor growth has not been adequately described. This article reviews roentgenologic and pathologic correlations of primary lung carcinomas. An irregular or indistinct tumor margin may be caused by tumor infiltration, an irregular desmoplastic response to the tumor growth, or irregular contraction in the central portion of the tumor. Solid tumor growth, on the other hand, may be associated with a well-defined tumor margin, with or without displacement of adjacent anatomical structures.

Adenocarcinoma↗

PubMed1997

Evidence for genetic linkage between the ure and trh genes in Vibrio parahaemolyticus.

Although V. parahaemolyticus does not generally produce urease, several studies have reported urease-positive V. parahaemolyticus isolates from clinical sources. Recently, studies have shown a complete coincidence between the urease-producing phenotype of V. parahaemolyticus strains and the possession of the thermostable direct haemolysin (TDH)-related haemolysin (TRH) gene (trh). TRH, like TDH, is considered to be an important virulence factor in the pathogenesis of V. parahaemolyticus gastroenteritis. The present study attempted to identify the gene ure encoding urease in V. parahaemolyticus to clarify the relationship between urease production and possession of trh. The polymerase chain reaction with mixed oligonucleotide primers targeted for conserved sequences of reported ure genes from other species was used to prepare a DNA probe to detect the V. parahaemolyticus ure gene. Colony hybridisation with this ure probe demonstrated that all the ure-positive strains produced urease. Considering the coincidence between production of urease and possession of trh in V. parahaemolyticus, it was concluded that the presence or absence of the ure gene is completely coincident with that of the trh gene in V. parahaemolyticus strains. Furthermore, the relative location of ure and trh on V. parahaemolyticus chromosomal DNA was analysed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. The results showed that, in all the strains examined, ure and trh were detected on the same NotI fragment, showing that the two genes localise within a relatively small portion of the chromosome DNA. These results suggest that the ure and trh genes are genetically linked in V. parahaemolyticus strains.

Chromosome Mapping↗

PubMed1997

Epidemiological study on infectious diarrheal diseases in children in a coastal rural area of Kenya.

Diarrheal diseases are major causes of morbidity and mortality among children in developing countries. We have analyzed the causative agents of diarrhea in children under five years of age who resided in rural environments but attended a hospital in Malindi, a coastal town in Kenya. Bacterial diarrhea was found in 239 (27.7%) of 862 patients with diarrhea. Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli, including enteropathogenic, enterotoxigenic, and enterohaemorrhagic strains, was isolated from 119 (13.8%) patients, followed by Salmonella spp. (63 cases, 7.3%) and Shigella spp. (56 cases, 6.5%). Intestinal parasites were found in 109 (12.6%) of the patients. Entamoeba histolytica and Giardia lamblia were found in 67 (7.8%) and 42 (4.9%) of the cases, respectively. Rotavirus was found in 69 (16.1%) of 428 cases, a part of the 862 cases. Significant differences in age distribution were seen in diarrheal cases due to Campylobacter spp., G. lamblia, and rotavirus. No significant seasonal incidence of specific pathogens was found, but the number of diarrheal patients was significantly correlated to rainfall. Drinking water was contaminated with bacteria at concentrations ranging from 10(3) to 10(6) CFU/ml in 98% of the households and by coliform bacteria at concentrations of 10(2) to 10(5) CFU/ml in 72% of the households. These results suggest that the main routes of infection may be contaminated drinking water and fecal-oral transmission of enteric pathogens. Consequently, we propose that the enhancement of hygienic practice through health education is a feasible control measure of diarrhea in the study area.

Age Distribution↗

PubMed1997

Evaluation of enzyme-labeled oligonucleotide probes to identify enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli.

Alkaline phosphatase-conjugated oligonucleotide probes were developed to detect the gene coding for Vero toxin 1 (VT1) and Vero toxin 2 (VT2). Using these probes, 3 hr was enough to detect VT genes when suspicious colonies of enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) were obtained on an agar plate. The results of a hybridization test with 144 isolates of EHEC O157 and one isolate of Shigella dysenteriae Type 1 agreed exactly with the immunological detection, reversed passive latex agglutination (RPLA) test, of VTs in their culture supernatants. The sensitivity levels of these probes for the detection of VT genes were 100%. The specificity of these probes were also tested with a total of 1,002 strains of Escherichia coli other than EHEC and 8 strains of Shigella sp. other than Shigella dysenteriae Type 1; the results showed 100% specificity.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗

PubMed1997

Rapid and differential detection of two analogous enterotoxins of Vibrio cholerae and enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli by a modified enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

The principle of a novel ELISA (nylon-slip immuno-test, NSIT) was applied to the differential detection of two analogous enterotoxins, cholera toxin (CT) of Vibrio cholerae and heat-labile enterotoxin (LT) of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli. The results obtained for CT and LT detection by a single test were sufficiently sensitive (87.9 and 100%) and specific (100 and 94.7%) in the differential detection test, when compared with the result of a colony hybridization test with DNA probes. The results suggest that the novel ELISA is applicable to the diagnosis of bacterial infections, by means of differential immunological detection of toxins in a single test.

Bacterial Toxins↗

PubMed1997

Effect of antimicrobial agents, especially fosfomycin, on the production and release of Vero toxin by enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7.

In 1996, Japan had several large outbreaks of enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) O157:H7 infection. We surveyed physicians who examined and treated these patients, and found that most of the patients (95.9%) received antimicrobial agents as treatments, in particular, fosfomycin comprised 84.0% of the prescribed treatment. Since the administration of antimicrobial agents for EHEC infection is under discussion, we also analyzed the effects of 7 antimicrobial agents including fosfomycin on the production and release of Vero toxins (VTs) by EHEC. The addition of fosfomycin into EHEC culture in CAYE broth at 5 h after the start of incubation caused a marked increase of VT1 release and production, as revealed by an immunological toxin assay (RPLA). However, a cytotoxicity assay of Vero cells showed a small increase of biological activity in the specimens treated with fosfomycin because the Vero cell assay reflects total cytotoxicity of VT1 and VT2. These results indicate that further study is necessary before concluding whether antimicrobial agents actually worsen an EHEC infection.

Animals↗

PubMed1997

Detection of carbamazepine-induced changes in valproic acid relative clearance in man by simple pharmacokinetic screening.

Selecting the optimum dose of valproic acid is difficult because the pharmacokinetics are complicated by inter-patient variability and by effects arising as a result of co-administration with other antiepileptic drugs. The multiple peak approach has been used to evaluate the effect of age, total body weight, dose, gender and comedication (carbamazepine-induced change) on population estimates of valproic acid relative clearance. Routine clinical pharmacokinetic data (n = 479) were collected from 207 epilepsy patients on combination therapy. The data were analysed by a simple steady-state pharmacokinetic model with the use of NONMEM, a computer program designed for population pharmacokinetic analysis that enables pooling of data. NONMEM estimates suggested that the rate of valproic acid clearance in patients receiving concomitant administration of valproic acid and carbamazepine decreased non-linearly with increasing total body weight in the maturation process, and increased non-linearly with increasing valproic acid dose. The clearance in females was 5.7% less than in males. NONMEM estimates also suggested that the rate of valproic acid clearance increased non-linearly with increasing carbamazepine dose. Concomitant administration of valproic acid and carbamazepine with other antiepileptic drugs resulted in an increase in valproic acid clearance of 10%. The final regression model of valproic acid relative clearance was CL = 6.06TBW-0.168 x DOSE0.414 x CBZDOSE0.093 x 0.943GEN x 1.10CO, where CL is the clearance (mL kg-1 h-1), TBW is the total body weight (kg), DOSE is the dose of valproic acid, CBZDOSE is the dose of carbamazepine, GEN = 0 for males and 1 for females and CO = 0 for concomitant administration of valproic acid and carbamazepine and 1 for concomitant administration of valproic acid and carbamazepine with other antiepileptic drugs. This technique can be used to estimate the pharmacokinetic parameters of a population from sparse data collected during routine clinical care and to determine the extent to which patient characteristics influence drug pharmacokinetics.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1997

[Evaluation of Novapath assay for direct detection in patient stool of Vero toxin and Vero toxin-producing Escherichia coli].

We evaluated two kits which detect either Verotoxin (Novapath EHEC) or EHEC O157 (Novapath O157) directly from stool specimens and compared with the result of PCR. The tests can be completed in 3 hrs. All fecal specimens from 18 healthy volunteers showed negative results with both kits and PCR. Specimens from patients of EHEC O157 outbreak in Okayama Prefecture and asymptomatic families of patients of outbreak in Sakai City of Japan were also analyzed. Fecal specimens from which EHEC O157 was isolated showed positive results with both kits and PCR. Some specimens which were culture negative showed positive results with either Novapath EHEC or Novapath O157 or both. The sensitivity of Novapath O157 was lower than PCR to detect O157 organisms but took shorter time to get result. Novapath EHEC showed very high sensitivity in detecting Vero toxin. These results suggest that Novapath EHEC especially can be used clinically for rapid diagnosis.

Bacterial Toxins↗

PubMed1997

[Report of questionnaire about enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli cases caused in the area including Sakai City in 1996].

Many outbreaks of EHEC O157 were occurred in Japan in 1996. There was the biggest outbreak involving approximately 6000 victims in area of Sakai City. We conducted a questionnaire survey on the EHEC infection to the physicians who treated these patients and the microbiologists. For physicians we asked mainly clinical manifestation of patients they observed and treatment they did and their outcome (Answer A). Microbiologists were also required to answer the opinion about treatment (Answer B). Eighty-five of physicians replied about their 222 patients and 209 of microbiologists answered their opinions. In this report we summarized the data and obtained following results: 1) We observed higher frequency of HUS/TTA complication in female than male. 2) Higher HUS/TTP complication was accompanied with patients complained symptoms of fever, bloody diarrhea, and general fatigue. 3) The most patients (96%) were received antimicrobial agents, especially fosfomycin (84%), followed by new quinolon (17.8%) and Cefems (12.2%). Later starting of treatment with antimicrobial agents than 7 days from onset of symptoms increased HUS/TTP complication. 4) Anti-diarrhoeal agents seems to be one of risk factors for HUS/TTP complications.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1997

[Determination of cutoff value of serum anti-Legionella antibody titer--microplate agglutination test (MPAT)].

In order to promote the serological diagnosis of legionellosis in the clinical laboratory, the cutoff values of serum anti-Legionella antibody titers for microplate agglutination (MPAT) test were determined. Antibody levels were tested for 178 serum specimens including 98 healthy persons, 22 ordinally workers having either metabolic or renal failure, definitely diagnosed patients of 17 mycoplasmal and 9 chlamydial pneumonia, 32 patients of other bacterial pneumonia. Heat killed unstained cell suspension of each strain of Legionella pneumophila serogroup (SG) 1a, 1b, SGs 2 to 6, L. bozemanii, L. dumoffii, L. gormanii, and L. micdadei were used as antigens. Strains of L. pneumophila SG 1b were mainly isolated from environmental specimens. However, in some Legionella pneumonia cases, etiologic agents were determined as L. pneumophila SG 1 b. Thus the representative strain of SG 1b was used as an antigen for the determination of the patient's antibody titer. Quantitative agglutination was performed by using a 96-well U-bottom microplate for each antigen. Test sera were diluted from 1:16 to 1:256. Results were read after 20 h at 25 degrees C. Cutoff values for 11 antigens were determined, at this moment, as 4-fold or greater increase in level to > or = 1:128 in paired sera, and > or = 1:256 in single serum. However, final diagnosis should be given by over-all coordination of serological results and clinical symptoms together with other laboratory findings. Two culture-positive Legionella pneumonia cases due to either SG3 or 6 in which significant rise of serum antibody titers against organisms of corresponding SG estimated by MPAT method were discussed.

Agglutination Tests↗

PubMed1997

[Incidence of Kanagawa phenomenon-positive and -negative Vibrio parahaemolyticus strains isolated from traveller's diarrhea and their relation to tdh and trh genes].

A total of 1,319 strains of Vibrio parahaemolyticus isolated from traveller's diarrhea were analysed for Kanagawa phenomenon (KP) with the Wagatsuma blood agar test and the results were also compared with those of analyses of tdh and trh genes which encode thermostable direct hemolysin (tdh) and TDH-related hemolysin (trh). The majority of the strains (1,152 strains) counting 87.3% had positive KP, among which 1,049 and 103 strains were only tdh and both tdh and trh-positive ones, respectively. However, 167 strains counting 12.7%, which is quite high compared to the previous report, were found to have negative KP, among which 94 and 24 strains were only trh and both tdh and trh-positive ones, respectively.

Bacterial Toxins↗

PubMed1997

Endoscopic treatment of early oesophageal or gastric cancer.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Endoscopic treatment has become increasingly popular in recent years as an alternative to surgical treatment with the hope of offering superior quality of life (QOL) for the patient. The results of endoscopic treatment of mucosal lesions of mostly early oesophageal or gastric cancer performed in 145 patients (155 lesions) over the past eight years were reviewed from the standpoint of QOL. RESULTS: In 56 patients who underwent radical resection of the oesophageal mucosa, no serious complications and symptoms occurred, with epithelialisation completed within about a month. Patients also showed good results regarding dietary intake and performance status (PS), and all are currently alive without any sign of recurrence. One time fractionated endoscopic resection was carried out in about 40% of the 57 patients who underwent gastric mucosal resection. In these 57 patients, an artificial ulcer measuring 3 cm or more was formed, resulting in a favourable outcome after healing. An overwhelming proportion of these subjects had no symptoms and good PS after the treatment. CONCLUSIONS: The introduction of this method, endoscopic mucosal resection using a cap fitted panendoscope, is expected to permit additional indications for endoscopic treatment. Endoscopic Nd-YAG laser irradiation was applied mainly to early gastric cancer lesions (32 patients), usually for relative indications for endoscopic treatment. This procedure is safe and advantageous in that it requires no hospitalisation, permits fractionated irradiation, and secures good QOL.

Endoscopy↗

PubMed1997

Analysis of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in patients with chronic hepatitis C before and after treatment with interferon alpha.

BACKGROUND: Previous studies have shown that patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) were more likely to be seropositive for hepatitis C virus (HCV) than normal controls, and that patients with chronic hepatitis C treated with interferon alpha (IFN-alpha) sometimes developed pulmonary fibrosis. The possibility that HCV infection and/or treatment with IFN-alpha are involved in the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis or alveolitis was investigated. METHODS: A prospective non-randomised study was performed in 13 healthy controls and in patients with chronic hepatitis C before (n = 13) and after (n = 10) treatment with IFN-alpha. Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid cell counts, ratios and T cell subsets, and the concentrations of interleukin (IL)-1 beta, tumour necrosis factor(TNF)-alpha, and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) were measured. RESULTS: Lymphocyte counts in the BAL fluid were significantly increased in both groups of patients (median (range) values: before treatment, 36.8 (1.5-226.0); after treatment, 16.2 (4.5-97.6)) compared with the normal controls (3.3 (0.5-32.3)). In the pretreatment group the activated T cell (HLA-Dr positive) count was also increased (51 (40-74)) compared with that in the normal controls (27 (4-52)), but after treatment it was decreased (40 (0-76)) compared with the pretreatment count. Administration of IFN-alpha did not affect these parameters. IL-1 beta, TNF-alpha, and HGF were not detected. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that HCV infection is associated with increased counts of lymphocytes and neutrophils in BAL fluid and that treatment with IFN-alpha appears to alter lymphocyte surface markers.

Adult↗

PubMed1997

Laminin suppresses progesterone production by human luteinizing granulosa cells via interaction with integrin alpha 6 beta 1.

We previously raised a murine monoclonal antibody (mAb), OG-1, against human granulosa cells (GC) and reported that human GC express the OG-1 antigen with the highest immunoreactivity during the periovulatory phase. Later, we showed that the OG-1 antigen is identical to human integrin alpha 6, and that human GC express integrin alpha 6 beta 1, but not alpha 6 beta 4. In the present study, we examined the expression of laminin (LN), the ligand for integrin alpha 6 beta 1. Flow cytometry showed that LN was bound to the cell surface of some GC obtained from preovulatory follicles of patients undergoing in vitro fertilization. Immunohistochemistry showed that LN was detected between luteinizing GC in the early corpora lutea. To examine the effect of LN on steroidogenesis by human luteinizing GC, GC obtained from patients undergoing in vitro fertilization were cultured on mouse LN-coated or noncoated plastic dishes in medium containing 5% FCS for 24 h. In the absence or presence in hCG (1 IU/mL), GC cultured on LN-coated dishes produced 0.70- and 0.67-fold less progesterone than those on noncoated dishes, respectively (P < 0.05). We examined the effect of the interaction of integrin alpha 6 beta 1 and LN on steroidogenesis by human luteinizing GC. We cultured GC with 5 micrograms/mL of the anti-alpha 6 mAb GoH3, which inhibits the interaction between human integrin alpha 6 beta 1 and mouse LN, or with a control rat mAb (TER199) on mouse LN-coated dishes in serum-free medium for 24 h. In the absence or presence of hCG (1 IU/mL), GC cultured with GoH3 produced 1.97- and 1.94-fold more progesterone than the control cells (P < 0.01 and P < 0.05, respectively). In contrast, when GC were cultured on dishes coated with type IV collagen, progesterone production was not enhanced by GoH3. Furthermore, the anti-alpha 6 mAb OG-1, which does not inhibit the interaction between integrin alpha 6 beta 1 and LN, had no effect on the progesterone production by GC cultured on LN. These results indicate that LN suppresses the luteinization of human luteinizing GC via integrin alpha 6 beta 1 and that integrin alpha 6 beta 1 regulates the luteinization of human GC during the periovulatory phase.

Adult↗

PubMed1997

Increased plasma soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 levels in patients with acute myocardial infarction.

Intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) is a major ligand for 2 members of the CD18 family of leukocyte integrin adhesion molecules and mediates adhesion between leukocytes and stimulated endothelial cells. We examined plasma soluble ICAM-1 (sICAM-1) levels in 30 patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) within 6 h of symptom onset, 21 patients with unstable angina (UA), 35 patients with stable exertional angina (SEA) and 21 control subjects. Plasma sICAM-1 levels (ng/ml) were significantly higher in both the acute and chronic phases of AMI and in the UA group than in the SEA and the control groups (195 +/- 14, 198 +/- 16 in the acute and chronic phases of AMI, 188 +/- 11 in the UA group vs 142 +/- 7 in the SEA group, 141 +/- 10 in the control group, p < 0.01). Plasma sICAM-1 levels were significantly higher in AMI patients when preceded by unstable angina than when not preceded by unstable angina at any point over the time course except 1 week after admission (p < 0.01 vs admission, 12 h, 2 days, 3 days, 5 days, 2 weeks, 3 weeks. p < 0.05 vs 24 h). These results suggest that the increase in sICAM-1 is associated with repeated episodes of myocardial ischemia and reperfusion not leading to myocardial necrosis. The increase in sICAM-1 may play an important role as an inflammatory component in the pathogenesis of the ischemic myocardium.

Adult↗

PubMed1997

Diffuse pulmonary amyloidosis with monoclonal IgG-kappa gammopathy.

A 62-year-old female with diffuse pulmonary amyloidosis developed abnormal radiographic findings while under observation for hyperimmunoglobulinemia over a ten-year period. Serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) was elevated (4,620 mg/dl), and associated with monoclonal gammopathy (M protein) of the kappa type, but no evident abnormalities were apparent in bone marrow. Chest radiograph and computed tomography showed a diffuse reticulonodular shadow in the bilateral lung. Thoracoscopic lung biopsy specimen revealed depositions of amyloid in the bronchus and pulmonary vessel. We emphasize that diffuse pulmonary amyloidosis should be considered a possible diagnosis in the presence of monoclonal immunoglobulin.

Amyloidosis↗

PubMed1997

[Studies on bacillary dysentery cases of overseas travellers--during 1979 to 1995].

A total of 36,780,440 overseas travellers during 1979-1995 (17 years) were quarantined at Osaka and Kansai Airport Quarantine Station, 84,777 travellers reported themselves suffer from diarrhoea. Stools from 29,587 persons were bacteriologically examined. Various enteropathogenic bacteria were isolated from 9,766 (33.0%) patients of the stools examined. Isolated species were as follows: Plesiomonas shigelloides (3,234 cases); Salmonella spp. (2,236 cases); enterotoxgenic Escherichia coli (1,621 cases); Vibrio parahaemolyticus (1,959 cases); and Shigella spp. (1,242 cases). 1,278 different Shigella strains were isolated from 1,242 cases who were thus diagnosed as bacillary dysentery patients. The suspected regions or countries for infection of these cases were analysed. The serovars and antibiotic-sensitivities of the isolated strains were examined. Colicine typing of S. sonnei strains were also done. The results can be summarized as follows. 1) The most cases (53.4%) were infected in India. 2) The percentage distribution of sub-species of the strains was as follows; S. sonnei (57.8%), S flexneri (29.8%), S. boydii (8.4%), and S. dysenteriae (4.0%), respectively. 3) The major colicine type of S. sonnei strains were type 6 and 0. 4) The percentage of Antibiotic-resistant strains of each sub-species was S. dysenteriae (92.2%), S. sonnei (89.4%), S. flexneri (87.1%), and S. boydii (84.9%), respectively. The percentage of Antibiotic-resistant strains of S. flexneri were increased annually.

Adolescent↗