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Biomedical subjects

T Hirota

Publications and source records attributed to T Hirota.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

[A case of inflammatory breast cancer successfully treated with 5'-DFUR and MPA].

A 67-year-old female with extensive inflammatory breast cancer was treated with oral chemoendocrine therapy using 5'-deoxy-5-fluorouridine (5'-DFUR) 1,200 mg and medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) 1,200 mg before intra-arterial infusion chemotherapy, which made the extensive inflammatory skin lesion improve remarkably. Sequential intra-arterial infusion made the skin lesion completely disappear. But the main tumor remained, so extended mastectomy was performed. These findings suggested that this therapy was effective for the prevention of extension of the skin lesion on the inflammatory breast cancer, and also served as induction therapy for this modality.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1994

Flow cytometric DNA analysis of submucosal carcinoma of the esophagus.

Carcinoma of the esophagus confined to the submucosa presents clinicopathologic features different from those of either carcinoma limited to the mucosa or more advanced lesions. The present study was designed to find out whether or not analysis of DNA content would yield prognostic information allowing the clinical outcome of carcinoma of the esophagus confined to the submucosa to be predicted. Cell nuclear DNA content was determined by flow cytometry in paraffin-embedded blocks from 55 patients with carcinoma of the esophagus confined to the submucosa. This allowed classification of DNA content into diploid and aneuploid patterns based on combined DNA histogram and cytogram data. The aneuploid pattern included typical, multiple clone and small clone aneuploid subtypes, as classified by our new criteria. A DNA aneuploid pattern was identified in 26 cases (47.3%) and found to correlate significantly with lymph node metastasis (P < 0.01). The incidence of distant metastasis was significantly higher in the aneuploid (4/26) than in the diploid (0/29) group (P < 0.05). The mortality from cancer within two years of surgery was significantly higher in the aneuploid (4/26) than in the diploid (0/29) group (P < 0.05). In conclusion, flow-cytometric DNA analysis is a valuable method for predicting malignant potential in carcinoma of the esophagus confined to the submucosa.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Morphometric analysis of colorectal dysplasia with image processing.

Nuclear and structural abnormalities on the histological specimens of colorectal dysplasias were quantified by using 10 parameters. From the measured values, the following histological findings were obtained: progression from mild to severe dysplasia was associated with an increase in nuclear size, and nuclear arrangement became more irregular. There was, however, no difference between the nuclear size and arrangement in severe dysplasia and those in carcinoma. The nuclei were spindle shaped in mild and moderate dysplasia. On the other hand, they were relatively round in severe dysplasia and carcinoma. Structural abnormalities tended to increase with the histological abnormalities. These results correspond well with the histological abnormalities by which the pathologists grade dysplasia and diagnose carcinoma subjectively. Therefore, these 10 parameters might be useful for quantifying histological characteristics of colorectal dysplasias.

Cell Nucleus↗
PubMed1994

[Comparative trial of granisetron versus granisetron plus methylprednisolone for the prevention of nausea and vomiting induced by cancer chemotherapy].

Preclinical and clinical studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of granisetron in preventing emesis induced by antineoplastic chemotherapy. This comparative study was undertaken to investigate the efficacy and safety of granisetron (40 micrograms/kg) and granisetron plus methylprednisolone (MPL; 10 mg/kg). Sixty-eight patients were given granisetron 170 times and thirty-nine patients were given a combination of granisetron and MPL 81 times. Sixty-one patients received the treatment in crossover fashion during the same chemotherapy regimens. The emetic and nausea episodes were counted during the 24 hours following each chemotherapy treatment. Complete response, no emesis or less than two episodes, were obtained in 75.3% (128/170 times) of patients receiving granisetron alone compared to 85.2% (69/81 times) of patients receiving the combination of granisetron plus MPL. There were no significant differences in complete responses between the two groups, male and female, and each age group. However, 11 of eighteen patients receiving granisetron alone who responded mildly, if at all, with respect to nausea and vomiting, showed a complete or major response when MPL was added to granisetron. There were two patients who developed temporal paresthesia of the both hands as an adverse effect, but there was spontaneous recovery after 3 hours. Our data suggested that granisetron plus MPL was slightly more effective than granisetron alone and a safe antiemetic drug.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Histochemical analysis of blood group antigens in human sublingual glands and pancreas. An application of high-performance liquid chromatography to estimate the quantity of galactose liberated from tissue sections by alpha-galactosidase digestion.

Using immunostaining with monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) from three different sources as well as anti-B lectin, GSAI-B4 staining and alpha-galactosidase digestion, blood group B antigens were localized and analysed in tissue sections of sublingual glands from blood group B and AB individuals. Quantitative analysis of galactose was simultaneously carried out on the supernatant enzyme solution used for treating tissue sections by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). In addition, galactose liberated from the pancreas tissues of blood group B and AB individuals was also estimated by HPLC analysis in order to compare the content of antigens. mAb-B(H079) and GSAI-B4 reacted uniformly with the mucous cells from blood group B and AB secretors. On the other hand, other mAbs-B(B006 and A582) recognized the antigen in a limited number of cells or was even negative in some cases of blood group AB individuals. Only mAb-B(H079) recognized the B antigens in mucous cells from non-secretors. Digestion with alpha-galactosidase resulted in the consistent appearance of H and Le(b) antigens in the mucous cells of all the secretors examined, although the reduction of staining intensity with anti-B reagents was not so marked. Le(y) antigens also appeared in some cases after the enzyme digestion. In non-secretors, Le(b) and Le(y) antigens, but not H antigens, appeared in some mucous cells following enzyme digestion. HPLC analysis of galactose revealed that alpha-galactosidase can specifically liberate the terminal galactose residues of B antigens, and no marked difference was present in the content of liberated galactose from mucous cells of sublingual glands among the individuals investigated (8.5-11.7 nmoles cm-2). No galactose was detected in samples from the sublingual glands of non-secretors, and only a trace amount of galactose was detected in the samples from pancreas tissues. These results suggest that the observed difference in the reactivity of different reagents with each tissue site can be ascribed to both quantitative and qualitative heterogeneity of B antigens.

Blood Group Antigens↗
PubMed1993

Small cell carcinoma of the anus in a human HIV carrier: report of a case.

We report herein a rare case of metastatic anal small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma in a human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) carrier. This is only the third case of an HIV infection associated with the rare anorectal small cell carcinoma to be reported in the world literature. Although radiation and abdominoperineal resection cannot provide a cure, systemic chemotherapy consisting of cisplatin and etoposide (VP-16) achieved complete resolution of all the indicator lesions. The values of the T-helper: T-suppressor )OKT4:OKT8) ratio and beta 2-microglobulin showed that the state of immunodeficiency caused by the HIV did not become worse during either major surgery or systemic chemotherapy.

Anus Neoplasms↗
PubMed1993

Prognostic factors for local recurrence in breast conservation therapy: residual cancers after lumpectomy.

In order to evaluate the local residual cancer following breast conservation therapy (BCT) with lumpectomy, we investigated the relationships between residual cancer and age, tumor location, tumor diameter (T), mammography findings, nipple discharge findings, histopathological type, lymphatic and/or vascular invasion by tumor cells, histological grading, histological lymph node metastases (n), and estrogen receptor (ER) status, in 1494 patients with breast cancer that involved diagnostic excisional biopsy. Residual cancers were found in 581 of 1448 (40%) mastectomy specimens, after 46 (3.1%) with multicentricity had been excluded. No correlation was observed between residual cancer and age, histological grading, and ER. However, residual cancer rates were significantly higher in patients with: (1) tumor diameters of 3.1 cm or larger; (2) tumors beneath or in the vicinity of the nipple-areola; (3) malignant calcifications noted in mammography findings; (4) serous or bloody nipple discharge, particularly with positive cytologic findings; (5) papillotubular carcinoma diagnosed by biopsy, (6) lymphatic invasion by tumor cells; or (7) a high degree (n > or = 4) of lymph node metastases. The above seven clinicopathologic factors are thus considered useful prognostic indicators for local recurrence in BCT with lumpectomy.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

A case report of gastric cancer associated with sarcoid reactions in the regional lymph nodes and liver.

Epithelioid cell granulomas identical to those of systemic sarcoidosis are occasionally observed within malignant neoplasms, particularly in the lymphatics draining a primary tumor. These histologic changes have been termed sarcoid reactions and are easily confused with systemic sarcoidosis. This report describes an extremely rare case of gastric cancer accompanied by sarcoid reactions in the regional lymph nodes and liver parenchyma near a tumor metastasis. A 63-year-old woman with advanced gastric cancer was treated by subtotal gastrectomy with dissection of the regional lymph nodes and local excision of the liver tissue involved by metastasis. Microscopic examination of the resected lymph nodes and liver disclosed the presence of sarcoid-like granulomas. The absence of any clinical manifestations and the negative results of the Kveim test, chest radiograph, and laboratory tests, including that for the serum angiotensin converting enzyme excluded the possibility of systemic sarcoidosis. The presence of a sarcoid reaction in the liver parenchyma adjacent to a metastasis has never been reported previously.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1993

Spinal xanthogranuloma in a child: case report.

A case of a patient with a xanthogranuloma in the thoracic spine is presented. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed an intradural extramedullary tumor between T6 and T9 as a low-intensity mass on both T1- and T2-weighted images. Total removal of this tumor was achieved through a laminoplastic laminectomy. Differentiation of this disease from other xanthogranulomas in the central nervous system is discussed.

Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMed1993

Syntheses of 3-substituted 1-methyl-6-phenylpyrimido[5,4-e]-1,2,4-triazine-5,7(1H,6H)-diones (6-phenyl analogs of toxoflavin) and their 4-oxides, and evaluation of antimicrobial activity of toxoflavins and their analogs.

6-Phenyl analogs of toxoflavin (1-methyl-6-phenylpyrimido[5,4-e]-1,2,4-triazine-5,7(1H,6H)-diones ) (7a--f) and their 4-oxides (8a-f) were synthesized by nitrosative or nitrative cyclization of the aldehyde hydrazones (6a-f) of 6-(1-methylhydrazino)-3-phenyluracil (5). Both sets of compounds, 7a-f and 8a-f, gave the corresponding 1-demethyl derivatives (10a-f) upon treatment with nucleophiles such as dimethylformamide (DMF) and acetic acid under heating. The activities of toxoflavins (1a-e), toxoflavin 4-oxides (3a-e) and their 6-phenyl analogs (7a-f and 8a-f) against a variety of bacterial and fungal strains were examined. Most of the compounds showed strong inhibitory activities against gram-positive bacteria. Among the compounds, 1c, 1d, 1e, and 3c exhibited the strongest inhibitions of Micrococcus lutea (0.5 micrograms/ml minimal growth-inhibitory concentration) and Staphylococcus aureus 4R (1 microgram/ml), as well as Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus (1-2 micrograms/ml). Most of the compounds had strong antifungal activity (2-100 micrograms/ml minimal growth-inhibitory concentration) against Candida albicans and Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1993

Identification of the replication region of Streptococcus thermophilus No. 29 plasmid pST1.

The replication region of the 2.77-kilobases (kb) plasmid pST1 from Streptococcus thermophilus No. 29 was identified. Deletion derivatives of pST1 were introduced into plasmid-free S. thermophilus No. 29 and examined for their ability to replicate autonomously. The nucleotide sequence had one open reading frame encoded for a 315 amino acid protein (Rep). Comparisons with proteins encoded by other Gram-positive bacterial plasmids strongly suggest that the deduced protein (RepS) encoded by pST1 has a replicative role. pST1 also contains a DNA sequence similar to the origin nick sequences of pLP1 or pLAB1000, which initiate plasmid replication at the plus origin. In a maxicell system, E. coli CSR603 carrying pSTUC4 produced a protein that was considered to correspond to the product of the RepS gene. These results strongly suggest that pST1 is replicated following a rolling-circle mechanism via single-stranded DNA intermediates.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1993

[Antiemetic efficacy of granisetron in the treatment of pediatric cancer--(1). Clinical evaluation of granisetron at a dose of 40 micrograms/kg].

Seventeen children with various types of cancer were studied on the effectiveness of antiemetic drug, granisetron, by a crossover randomized trial; receiving granisetron (40 micrograms/kg; n = 53) or conventional antiemetics, during intensive chemotherapy. In the patients given granisetron nausea and vomiting were well controlled (83.0%), compared with 33.3% of conventional (non granisetron) group. The mean number of vomiting episodes for each 6h-period over 24h after chemotherapy was reduced markedly in the patients given granisetron, compared with conventional therapy. One patient developed paraesthesia of the hand after injection of granisetron as the adverse effect, which recovered to normal spontaneously after 3 hrs. Our data indicated that antiemetic effect of granisetron was superior to conventional antiemetic drugs, both in terms of clinical effectiveness and usefulness.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

[Antiemetic efficacy of granisetron in pediatric cancer treatment--(2). Comparison of granisetron and granisetron plus methylprednisolone as antiemetic prophylaxis].

A crossover clinical trial was carried out to compare the effectiveness and safety of granisetron alone (40 micrograms/kg) with that from a combination of granisetron plus methylprednisolone (MPL, 10 mg/kg) for control of emesis and vomiting induced by anticancer drugs in children with cancer. Complete control of emesis and vomiting were achieved in 95% (19/20 cases) of patients receiving the combination compared to 85% (17/20 cases) of patients receiving granisetron alone. There were no clinical toxicities or side effects in either treatment group. These data indicated that the combination of granisetron plus MPL was superior for control of emesis and vomiting in children receiving cytostatic anticancer drugs.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Diffusely infiltrating primary colorectal carcinoma of linitis plastica and lymphangiosis types.

A review of 2369 cases of resected primary colorectal carcinoma identified 15 cases of diffusely infiltrating colorectal carcinoma. Depending on the histologic pattern and extent, these cases were classified as linitis plastica (LP) type (seven cases) or lymphangiosis (LA) type (eight cases). The LP type consisted of poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma or signet ring cell carcinoma; it showed an annularly thickened and rigid bowel wall. The LA type consisted of moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma. The colon wall of the LA type was hemilaterally thickened at the mesenteric side. The prognosis was extremely poor for both types. The LP type mainly had peritoneal dissemination (70%), but the LA type frequently had distant metastasis (88%). Early diagnosis and curative operation are important for both types; however, the LA type also requires therapy for distant metastasis.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1992

Structure of the extracellular polysaccharide from slime-forming Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris SBT 0495.

The extracellular polysaccharide obtained from slime-forming Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris SBT 0495 is composed of D-glucose, D-galactose, L-rhamnose, and phosphate. Methylation analysis of the native and dephosphorylated polysaccharides provided information on the linkage of the sugar residues and the location of the phosphate group. N.m.r. spectroscopy confirmed the structure of the polysaccharide, which is assigned the following repeating-unit: [formula: see text]

Carbohydrate Sequence↗
PubMed1992

Intramural metastasis of thoracic esophageal carcinoma.

Of 393 patients with squamous-cell carcinoma in the thoracic esophagus, 60 were found by histologic examination to have intramural metastasis. Metastases in 50 of these were identified by gross inspection. There appeared to be no preference for location proximal to the primary lesion. Eighteen patients had metastasis to the gastric wall, which suggested the existence of communicating lymphatic channels between the wall of the esophagus and the stomach. All 60 primary tumors invaded beyond the submucosa. These 60 patients (group A) were compared with a group of matched control patients without intramural metastasis (group B). The tumor size in group A was significantly larger than in group B (p less than 0.01). The number of patients with lymph-node metastasis was significantly higher in group A (p less than 0.01), and the average number of positive nodes in group A was greater than in group B (p less than 0.01). Recurrent disease in the mediastinal lymph nodes and in the liver is characteristic of group A. The survival curve for patients in group A was significantly lower than that for group B (p less than 0.001). Conventional radiotherapy or chemotherapy after surgery were ineffective in improving prognosis. These results indicate that the presence of intramural metastasis is an important factor to consider when evaluating the prognosis of patients with squamous-cell carcinoma of the esophagus.

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell↗