Biomedical subjects

T Hirose

Publications and source records attributed to T Hirose.

At least 703 records · Page 39Linked to original sources

PubMed1986

[Comparative studies of antimicrobial agents against causative organisms isolated from urinary tract infections (1984). I. Susceptibility distribution].

Our research group was engaged for 3 years (1979-1981) in a study on sensitivities to antibiotics of 4 bacterial groups including representative pathogenic bacteria found in cases of urinary tract infections; i.e. E. coli, Klebsiella spp., Citrobacter spp., and Proteus spp. Since 1982, all the bacterial strains isolated by our group from patients with urinary tract infections and deemed by doctors in charge as pathogens were sent to the Laboratory of Clinical Pathology of Juntendo University, where they were refixed and subjected to MIC determination. This is the third year of the new study. E. coli was detected most frequently from patients with urinary tract infections and the detection frequency was 28% (323/1,153) this year (1984), whereas it was 35.3% (304/860) last year, showing a 7% decline from last year to this year. E. faecalis was next frequent organism (12.7% or 147/1,153) followed by P. aeruginosa (10.8% or 124/1,153). This order, however, was reversed from last year. Other pathogens, in a decreasing order of isolation frequencies following the above three, were as follows: Proteus spp. (9.5% or 109/1,153), S. marcescens (6.2% or 71/1,153), S. epidermidis (5.4% or 62/1,153), K. pneumoniae (4.9% or 56/1,153), Enterobacter spp. (2.4% or 28/1,153) and Citrobacter spp. (2.3% or 27/1,153). The results of the determination of the sensitivity of bacterial strains to the antibiotics are described below. Of all the oral antibacterial and antibiotic agents used against E. coli, mecillinam (MPC), cefaclor (CCL) and pipemidic acid (PPA) proved to have high antibacterial potency, and their MIC90 (the concentration to inhibit growths of 90% of the objective bacteria) was 3.13 micrograms/ml. The MIC90's of cefotiam (CTM), cefotaxime (CTX), ceftizoxime (CZX), cefmenoxime (CMX) and latamoxef (LMOX) were less than 0.39 microgram/ml. The MIC90's of cefmetazole (CMZ) and cefoperazone (CPZ) were invariably 1.56 micrograms/ml. K. pneumoniae was not sensitive to ampicillin (ABPC) and did not show much sensitivity to other oral antibacterial and antibiotic agents also. Of all the injectable preparations of antibiotics, cephem antibiotics of the third generation showed the most potent antibacterial effects against K. pneumoniae, and their MIC90's were lower than 0.10 microgram/ml for CZX, 0.20 microgram/ml for CTX, 0.39 microgram/ml for CMX, and 0.78 microgram/ml for LMOX, while MIC90's of CPZ was 6.25 micrograms/ml, which was equal to that of CMZ. The MIC90 of CTM was 0.78 microgram/ml which was identical to that of LMOX.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗

PubMed1986

[Comparative studies of antimicrobial agents against causative organisms isolated from urinary tract infections (1984). III. Secular changes in susceptibility].

Cases with infections of urinary tracts were divided into 3 groups of the simple infections, and complicated infections without indwelling of catheter, and complicated infections with indwelling of catheter. Susceptibilities to antimicrobial agents of Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp., Proteus spp., Citrobacter spp., Enterobacter spp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Serratia marcescens which were isolated from patients with these infections were determined. There was no tendency of decline in the susceptibilities of E. coli isolated from the patients with simple urinary tract infections (UTI). Susceptibilities of E. coli isolated from the patients with complicated UTI without and with indwelling of catheter to cephem antibiotics of the third generation were examined. The susceptibility of E. coli strains isolated from patients with complicated UTI without and with indwelling of catheter remained the same. More specifically, cefmenoxime (CMX) at a concentration of less than 0.10 microgram/ml inhibited the growth of E. coli isolated from cases without: with catheter at 74.1%: 78.3% in 1982, 75.4%: 73.3% in 1983, and 81.3%: 84.8% in 1984. Also, ceftizoxime (CZX) at a concentration of less than 0.10 microgram/ml inhibited the growth at 83.3%: 95.7% in 1982, 89.2%: 86.7% in 1983, and 91.7%: 97.0% in 1984. Latamoxef (LMOX) at less than 0.10 microgram/ml inhibited the growth at 59.3%: 43.5% in 1982, 47.7%: 40.0% in 1983, and 47.9%: 42.4% in 1984. The antibacterial effect of penicillin against Klebsiella spp. was found to be poor, while those of oral cephem antibiotics, cephalexin (CEX), cefaclor (CCL), and cefazolin (CEZ) which is the cephem antibiotics of the so-called first generation and cefotiam (CTM) among other cephem antibiotics of the so-called second generation were relatively good. A study of susceptibilities of Klebsiella spp. isolated from patients with complicated UTI without and with indwelling of catheter revealed inhibition of growth by CTM at a concentration of 0.39 microgram/ml at 84.0%: 75.9% in 1982, 70.6%: 75.0% in 1983, and 95.8%: 77.8% in 1984. Cefmetazole (CMZ) at a concentration of 0.39 microgram/ml showed a relatively lower rate of growth inhibition of Klebsiella spp., while at 0.78 microgram/ml it inhibited the growth at 88.0%: 72.4% in 1982, 52.9%: 50.0% in 1983, and 70.8%: 66.7% in 1984. The antibacterial effects of both CTM and CMZ against Klebsiella spp. isolated from patients with indwelling of catheter were found to be poor, and some of the bacterial strains showed a MIC over than 100 micrograms/ml.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗

PubMed1986

Kinetic analysis of Ia expression on T cells in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.

An increased proportion of Ia positive circulating T cells was observed in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) (17.2 +/- 5.8%, n = 20, p less than 0.005), compared with normal subjects (3.2 +/- 0.9%, n = 10) by the analysis with flow cytometry using OKIa1. There was a significant difference (p less than 0.05) in the proportion of Ia positive T cells (Ia +T cells) between inactive patients (19.6 +/- 5.8%, n = 12) and active patients (13.6 +/- 3.7%, n = 8). The kinetic analysis in normal subjects revealed that Ia expression on T cells stimulated with Concanavalin A (ConA) was significantly increased on day 4 (10.2 +/- 6.2%, n = 8). However, when stimulated with native DNA from calf thymus (nDNA), Ia expression was not increased (1.4 +/- 1.6%, n = 8). In SLE patients, initial Ia expression faded out within 4 days without stimulus (3.9 +/- 4.0%, n = 10). In spite of the decline of Ia expression with stimulation of both Con A and nDNA, the initial proportion of Ia positive T cells was relatively well maintained with the stimulation of nDNA (16.2 +/- 4.7%). Further analysis of T-cell subpopulations in SLE patients revealed that both OKT8- (T4) and OKT4- (T8) cells expressed Ia antigens. Interestingly, in 4 out of 5 patients with active disease, the incidence of Ia expression in OKT4- cells was increased with nDNA stimulation. Thus, in patients with SLE, circulating Ia positive T cells might be activated in vivo, and be implicated in the development of autoimmunity to DNA.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗

PubMed1986

[Comparative studies of antimicrobial agents against causative organisms isolated from urinary tract infections (1984). II. Background of patients].

Groups of bacteria were isolated from patients with infections of urinary tracts, and backgrounds of these isolates and patients have been studied in terms of the sexual distribution, and distributions of sexes versus age of the patients relationships between bacterial types and sexual and age distribution of the patients from whom the isolates were obtained correlation ages of patients and types of infections, the association of certain types of bacteria with certain infections and the effect of antibacterial treatments on these types of bacteria, approximately 20% of simple infections of urinary tracts occurred in males and approximately 80% in females on average from 1981 to 1984. This ratio showed hardly any changes during this period. Likewise, male patients comprised approximately 60-70% of all the cases with complicated infections of urinary tracts regardless of indwelling or without indwelling of catheters. In terms of age, the ratio of urinary tract infections was almost universally observed, e.g., for patients in 40's: 10.0% in 1981, 11.0% in 1984, while in those in 70's: 25.5% and 21.2%, respectively. Consequently, background factors of the cases with infections of urinary tracts, such as sexes, age, or simple or complicated, remained almost stable, whereas bacteria involved showed considerable variations. In 1982 and 1983, the frequency of isolations of Enterococcus spp. was approximately 8% in both males and females. However, in 1984, the frequency of isolation of Enterococcus spp. was 22.5% in the males 17.9% in the females. The frequency of isolation of Enterococcus spp. increased in all age groups, but the frequency was not particularly high among the aged. A study on variations and isolation frequencies of bacteria before the administration of antibiotic agents revealed that isolation frequencies of Enterococcus spp. sharply increased in 1983, and this high frequency remained in 1984. The frequency of isolation of E. coli tended to decrease year after year. This finding represents that the frequency of isolations of E. coli from materials of cases with simple infections of urinary tracts has decreased, showing that pathogenic bacteria from simple infections of urinary tracts were becoming similar to that of the complicated infections of urinary tracts. These findings seem to be worth mentioning here. In cases receiving administrations of antibacterial and antibiotic agents for more than 8 days. Frequencies of isolation from cases without catheter retention and from those with catheter retention were similar.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Adult↗

PubMed1986

A new method to measure the pattern reversal visual evoked response in infants and young children.

A modification was made of the conventional method of recording the pattern reversal visual evoked response (VER) to study the VER in infants and young children. Application of this modified method to 36 patients, the majority of them with retinopathy of prematurity, showed that this method is useful in the evaluation of the visual function in infants and young children, and also in a 12-year-old mentally retarded girl.

Child↗

PubMed1986