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Biomedical subjects

T Hirose

Publications and source records attributed to T Hirose.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed2001

Randomised comparison of ondansetron plus dexamethasone with dexamethasone alone for the control of delayed cisplatin-induced emesis.

The role of 5-hydroxytryptamine(3) (HT(3)) antagonists in the treatment of delayed emesis is still controversial. To evaluate whether 5-HT(3) antagonists can add to the efficacy of corticosteroids in controlling delayed emesis, we performed a randomised, prospective, open study comparing ondansetron plus dexamethasone with dexamethasone alone in cisplatin-treated patients. 149 cisplatin-naïve patients with lung cancer received at least 60 mg/m(2) of cisplatin and were treated with dexamethasone 32 mg intravenously (i.v.) and granisetron 3 mg i.v. on day 1. Patients were randomly assigned to receive either dexamethasone 16 mg i.v. alone (arm A) or dexamethasone plus ondansetron 8 mg daily (arm B) on days 2-4. None of the efficacy variables related to control of delayed emesis differed significantly between the two arms. In conclusion, there does not appear to be sufficient evidence to support the prolonged use of 5-HT(3) receptor antagonists after 24 h of cisplatin-containing chemotherapy.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed2001

Electroretinogram contact lens electrode with tri-color light-emitting diode.

PURPOSE: This study was performed to evaluate a new electroretinogram (ERG) contact lens electrode containing four light-emitting diodes (LEDs) that are used for both stimulus and background light. METHODS: The luminance of each LED could be changed independently and used as stimulus light. Red, blue, bright white, and flickering ERGs were recorded in 12 normal subjects and two patients with progressive cone dystrophy. The long-duration light stimuli separated the on- and off-responses of the ERG. This equipment is not according to the ISCEV standard. RESULTS: The tri-color LED electrode contact lens can efficiently produce and record ERG responses. Off-responses were recordable separately from on-responses by lengthening the stimulus duration. CONCLUSION: This combined stimulus-electrode system is compact and portable. Combined with the portable amplifier and the recorder, the ERGs can be recorded easily in an operating room, at patients' bedside, and in remote locations away from clinics and hospitals.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

PAR-6 regulates aPKC activity in a novel way and mediates cell-cell contact-induced formation of the epithelial junctional complex.

BACKGROUND: PAR-6, aPKC and PAR-3 are polarity proteins that co-operate in the establishment of cell polarity in Caenorhabditis elegans and Drosophila embryos. We have recently shown that mammalian aPKC is required for the formation of the epithelia-specific cell-cell junctional structure. We have also revealed that a mammalian PAR-6 forms a ternary complex with aPKC and ASIP/PAR-3, and localizes at the most apical end of the junctional complex in epithelial cells. RESULTS: The ternary complex formation and junctional co-localization of PAR-6 with aPKC and ASIP/PAR-3 are observed during the early stage of epithelial cell polarization. In addition, over-expression of the PAR-6 mutant with CRIB/PDZ domain in MDCK cells disturbs the cell-cell contact-induced junctional localization of tight junction proteins, as well as inhibiting TER development. Furthermore, the binding of Cdc42:GTP to the CRIB/PDZ domain of PAR-6 enhances the kinase activity of PAR-6-bound aPKC. Detailed analyses suggest that the binding of PAR-6 to aPKC has the intrinsic potential to activate aPKC, which is only released when Cdc42:GTP binds to the CRIB/PDZ domain. CONCLUSION: The results indicate the involvement of PAR-6 in the aPKC function which is required for the cell-cell adhesion-induced formation of epithelial junctional structures, possibly through the cooperative regulation of aPKC activity with Cdc42.

Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing↗
PubMed2001

Case report: Sinonasal teratocarcinosarcoma.

Sinonasal teratocarcinosarcoma (SNTCS) is a rare, teratoma-like lesion of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinus. To the best of our knowledge, SNTCS is highly malignant. We report a case of SNTCS arising in the nasal cavity of a 71-year-old male who complained of nasal obstruction and epistaxis. In spite of intensive treatment, the tumor recurred three times and the patient died from a local extension into the anterior cranial fossa 7 years after initial onset. The resected tumors consisted of variegated components, such as epithelial elements, including cystic, ductal and glandular structures occasionally associated with squamous differentiation, neuroectodermal ones exhibiting neural rosette formation, and mesenchymal ones with prominent rhabdomyoblastic differentiation. Immunohistochemical and ultrastructural studies clearly demonstrated characteristic cellular differentiation of each component. These three principal elements were often topographically related and showed morphological transition with each other. These findings suggest the derivation of divergent components from common progenitor cells. Although the cellular atypia of the primary lesion was inconspicuous, the recurrent tumors became anaplastic and mitotically active. Histologic anaplasia may be somewhat related with aggressiveness of recurrent lesions. Appropriate sampling of specimens, and awareness of this rare teratoid tumor are important to make the correct diagnosis.

Aged↗
PubMed2001

TP53 deleted cells in de novo glioblastomas using fluorescence in situ hybridization.

Glioblastoma (GBM) has been known to have two distinct genetic pathways of tumorigenesis. Secondary GBM shows frequent TP53 mutation, but de novo (primary) GBM is usually independent of TP53 alteration. However, the subpopulation of TP53 altered cells in the latter tumor is obscure. In order to assess TP53 deleted cells in de novo GBM quantitatively, we performed dual color fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) for TP53 and centromere 17 in nine cases of de novo GBM with frozen surgical materials. Single TP53 signal cells indicating TP53 deletion were recognized in 8.7-35.6% (mean, 21.3%) among the nine cases. In addition, immunohistochemistry was performed for the Ki-67 antigen (MIB-1) and p53 protein in all nine cases. Labeling indices (LI) of MIB-1 ranged from 2.8 to 46.9% (mean, 20.8%). Between the group with the more dense subpopulation of TP53 deleted cells (15% or more) by FISH and the group with less subpopulation than the former, these LI of MIB-1 demonstrated statistically significant difference (respective means, 28.2% and 6.1%; P < 0.05). Conversely, LI of p53 protein shown to be 0-50.9% (mean, 24.9%) had no correlation with the subpopulation of TP53 deleted cells by FISH. Four cases who had higher LI of p53 protein (mean, 39.7%) than the subpopulation of TP53 deleted cells (mean, 12.7%), respectively, indicated the presence of many p53 protein immunoreactive cells without TP53 deletion. These results suggest that: (i) de novo GBM also has subpopulation of TP53 deleted cells; (ii) TP53 alteration, which may not be a major event, participates in cell proliferation of de novo GBM; and (iii) de novo GBM tends to have accumulation of wild-type p53 protein.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Antisense expression of a rice sucrose transporter OsSUT1 in rice (Oryza sativa L.).

We analyzed the function of a rice sucrose transporter, OsSUT1, by using antisense rice. There was no difference between antisense and wild-type plants in carbohydrate content and photosynthetic ability of the flag leaves in the vegetative growth stage, suggesting that OsSUT1 may not play an important role in carbon metabolism, at least in these materials.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed2001

Adult neuroblastoma of the retroperitoneum and abdomen: clinicopathologic distinction from primitive neuroectodermal tumor.

Adult neuroblastoma (ANB) is a rare and poorly recognized entity among a histologically defined group of small, round-cell tumors arising in the retroperitoneum and abdomen. Eight cases of ANB were compared with seven cases of primitive neuroectodermal tumor (PNET) in these locations to identify clinicopathologic features that could be used to distinguish between the two lesions. The ANB study group included four men and four women 22-74 years of age (mean 38 years). Five patients with ANB presented with inflammatory symptoms or elevated levels of catecholamines and their metabolites. Five of the ANB tumors were classified as undifferentiated and three as poorly differentiated with a background of neuropil. These cases often showed immunoreactivity for multiple neural markers such as CD56, chromogranin A, synaptophysin, neurofilament, and neuron-specific enolase, but were negative for CD99, cytokeratins, desmin, myogenin, smooth muscle actin, muscle-specific actin, CD34, S-100 protein, and CD45. In contrast, all of the PNETs were positive for CD99, and four (57%) were also positive for cytokeratins. Two cases of ANB of the undifferentiated subtype had ultrastructural features characteristic of neuroblastoma and lacked a chimeric transcript (EWS-FLI1or ERG), which is specific for PNET. All five patients with the undifferentiated subtype of ANB and six of the seven patients with PNET died of their disease within 3 years of discovery of the lesion. Our results show that ANB, although rare, should be considered in the differential diagnosis of patients with small, round-cell tumors in the retroperitoneum and abdomen. Appropriate immunohistochemical studies and laboratory examination enable pathologists to distinguish ANB from other differential diagnoses, especially PNET.

Abdominal Neoplasms↗
PubMed2001

Erosion and intrusion of silicone rubber scleral buckle. Presentation and management.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the clinical presentation and management of erosion and intrusion of silicone rubber implants that are used in scleral buckling procedures for the treatment of retinal detachment. METHODS: The authors identified four patients from their practices during the last 20 years (1978-1998) who had erosion or intrusion of silicone rubber scleral buckles that were used to manage retinal detachment. Approximately 4400 scleral buckling procedures were performed during this period. A retrospective review of the medical records of all patients was performed. Factors that influenced management decisions concerning the intruding buckle are emphasized. RESULTS: All four patients had myopia. The interval between placement of the scleral buckle and development of intrusion ranged from 1 to 20 years. The buckles were intrascleral in three cases and episcleral in one. Recurrent detachment and vitreous hemorrhage were indications for surgical intervention in three cases. After the surgical removal of buckling elements, visual acuity stabilized in all patients and the retina remained attached in all cases. CONCLUSIONS: Erosion and intrusion of scleral buckle are rare complications of scleral buckling procedures. The intruding buckle may be left intact unless there is significant threat to the integrity of ocular structures, recurrent detachment, or hemorrhage. Manipulation of the encircling band or buckle does not necessarily alter the visual acuity or the status of the retina.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

The first large-scale nucleic acid amplification testing (NAT) of donated blood using multiplex reagent for simultaneous detection of HBV, HCV, and HIV-1 and significance of NAT for HBV.

The first nationwide nucleic acid amplification testing (NAT) for hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) of voluntarily donated blood after serological pre-screening and before release of cellular components and plasma for fractionation was implemented by the Japanese Red Cross Blood Transfusion Services. From February 1, 2000 to April 30, 2001, specimens from 6,805,010 units of serologically negative donation were screened in minipools of 50 samples within 24 hr after blood donation by NAT using multiplex HBV/HCV/HIV-1 reagent for blood transfusion including short shelf-life platelets. Among them, 112 HBV DNA-positives, 25 HCV RNA positives and 4 HIV-1 RNA positives were screened out and we could prevent transfusion of these NAT positive units. Subtypes/genotypes of HBV DNA, adr/C, adw/A, adw/B, adw/C, ayr/C and ayw/D were found and adr/C was predominant. A total of 61.6 % of them (69/112) were negative by overnight EIA. Sixth three of HBV NAT-positive samples carried virus loads less than 10(4) copies/mL and 92.1 % of them (58/63) were negative by overnight EIA. The virus growth curves of HBV in 6 cases obtained by retrospective and prospective follow-up study showed exponential straight lines in the early stage of serological window periods and the log times of HBV growth (10 fold increase) in serological window period were between 4.6 and 7.6 days. NAT screening with highly sensitive reagents in pool of specimens is useful to exclude blood units with low level of HBV and HBV mutants from blood transfusion.

Blood Donors↗
PubMed2001

Automated multiplex assay system for simultaneous detection of hepatitis B virus DNA, hepatitis C virus RNA, and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 RNA.

We have developed an automated multiplex system for simultaneously screening hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) in blood donations. The assay, designated AMPLINAT MPX HBV/HCV/HIV-1 Test (AMPLINAT MPX), consists of virus extraction and target sequence-specific probe capture on specimen preparation workstation GT-X (Roche Diagnostics K.K., Tokyo, Japan) and amplification and detection by TaqMan PCR on the ABI PRISM 7700 Analyzer (Perkin-Elmer Applied Biosystems, Foster City, Calif.). An internal control (IC) is incorporated in the assay to monitor the extraction, target amplification, and detection processes. The assay yields qualitative results without discrimination of the three targets. Detection limits (95% confidence interval) are 22 to 60 copies/ml for HBV, 61 to 112 IU/ml for HCV, and 33 to 66 copies/ml for HIV-1, using a specimen input volume of 0.2 ml. The AMPLINAT MPX assay detects a broad range of genotypes or subtypes for all three viruses and has a specificity of 99.6% for all three viruses with seronegative specimens. In an evaluation of seroconversion panels, the AMPLINAT MPX assay detects HBV infection an average of 24 days before the detection of HBsAg by enzyme immunoassay. HCV RNA was detected an average of 31 days before HCV antibody. HIV-1 RNA was detected an average of 14 days before HIV-1 antibody and an average of 9 days before p24 antigen. The Japanese Red Cross has been evaluating the AMPLINAT MPX system since October 1999. The clinical performance indicates that the AMPLINAT MPX system is robust, sensitive, and reproducible, with a high percentage of valid assay runs (96.8%), a low false-positive rate (0.34%), and a low IC failure rate (0.24%).

Blood Donors↗
PubMed2001

Interaction of phytoestrogens with estrogen receptors alpha and beta.

The human estrogen receptor (hER) exists as two subtypes, hER alpha and hER beta, that differ in the C-terminal ligand-binding domain and in the N-terminal transactivation domain. In this study, we investigated the estrogenic activities of soy isoflavones after digestion with enteric bacteria in competition binding assays with hER alpha or hER beta protein, and in a gene expression assay using a yeast system. The estrogenic activities of these isoflavones were also investigated by the growth of MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Isoflavone glycoside binds weakly to both receptors and estrogen receptor-dependent transcriptional expression is poor. The aglycones bind more strongly to hER beta than to hER alpha. The binding affinities of genistein, dihydrogenistein and equol are comparable to the binding affinity of 17 beta-estradiol. Equol induces transcription most strongly with hER alpha and hER beta. The concentration required for maximal gene expression is much higher than expected from the binding affinities of the compounds, and the maximal activity induced by these compounds is about half the activity of 17 beta-estradiol. Although genistin binds more weakly to the receptors and induces transcription less than does genistein, it stimulates the growth of MCF-7 cells more strongly than does genistein.

Estrogen Receptor alpha↗
PubMed2001

Application of short-time magnetic resonance examination for intervertebral disc diseases in dogs.

The usefulness of magnetic resonance (MR) is already established, but it has a disadvantage of requiring a long scanning time. A short-time examination is more or less needed so as to be more practical in veterinary clinics. A protocol of the short-time MR examination was devised based on parameters determined, and validity of the protocol was assessed through the diagnosis of clinical cases with intervertebral disc diseases. With this protocol, it was possible to complete an MR examination for the spine within 15 min. The MR images and myelographic findings were correlated well in this study, suggesting the short-time protocol of MR examination can be used in the clinical diagnosis of spinal diseases.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Investigation of the short-term effect of chemonucleolysis with chondroitinase ABC.

Chondroitinase ABC (C-ABC) is expected to be a novel agent for chemonucleolysis. The effect of C-ABC was investigated by magnetic resonance (MR) and radiograph. C-ABC was administered into the lumbar intervertebral disks on the clinically normal beagles (n=5), in a dose of 50 microl (12.5 units as C-ABC). MR scans were performed pre-dose, and 1, 3, 7, 14 and 28 days after administration of C-ABC, and the signal intensity (SI) of the nucleus pulposus was measured. Radiographs were taken pre-dose, and 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 14 and 28 days post-dose, to evaluate narrowing of the disk space in terms of height index (HI). In addition, the quantity of the chondroitin sulfate (CS) and the hyaluronic acid (HA) in the nucleus pulposus were measured by high performance liquid chromatography on day 28 after dosing. SI and HI continuously decreased, following the injection to 37.1% and 78.9% of the pre-dose values, respectively. Statistically significant differences (p<0.01) were observed between the C-ABC group and the control group in the respects on day 1 post-dose. CS and HA contents of the nucleus pulposus were noted to be significantly decreased on day 28 (p<0.01) in the treated group. This agent proved to degenerate proteoglycans in the nucleus pulposus, thus progressively reducing the interdiskal pressure from day 1 post-dose onwards. It is concluded that C-ABC is expected to afford its efficacy from early in the course of chemonucleolysis.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

TNF-alpha inhibits 3T3-L1 adipocyte differentiation without downregulating the expression of C/EBPbeta and delta.

Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) has been reported to inhibit adipocyte differentiation in which multiple transcription factors including CCAAT enhancer binding proteins (C/EBPs) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) gamma play an important role. Induction of C/EBPalpha and PPARgamma, which regulate the expression of many adipocyte-related genes, is dependent on the expression of C/EBPbeta and C/EBPdelta at the early phase of adipocyte differentiation. To elucidate the mechanism by which TNF-alpha inhibits adipocyte differentiation, we examined the effect of TNF-alpha on the expression of these transcription factors in mouse 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. TNF-alpha did not abrogate the induction of C/EBPbeta and C/EBPdelta in response to differentiation stimuli. In fully differentiated adipocytes, TNF-alpha rapidly induced C/EBPbeta and C/EBPdelta, whereas it downregulated the expression of C/EBPalpha and PPARgamma. Our results suggest that TNF-alpha inhibits adipocyte differentiation independently of the downregulation of C/EBPbeta and C/EBPdelta.

3T3 Cells↗
PubMed2001

[Comparative studies on activities of antimicrobial agents against causative organisms isolated from patients with urinary tract infections (1999). I. Susceptibility distribution].

The bacterial strains isolated from patients diagnosed as having urinary tract infections (UTIs) in 9 institutions in Japan were supplied between the period of August 1999 to July 2000. Then, the susceptibilities of them to many kinds of antimicrobial agents were investigated. The number of them were 499 strains. The breakdown of these strains was Gram-positive bacteria as 31.3% and Gram-negative bacteria as 68.7%. Susceptibilities of these bacteria to antimicrobial agents were as follows; vancomycin (VCM), ampicillin (ABPC) and imipenem (IPM) showed strong activities against Enterococcus faecalis. The increase of low-susceptible strains which was noticed in the former year showed a slight recovery in this year. VCM showed a strong activity against MRSA preventing growth of all strains with 1 microgram/ml. In addition, the activity of arbekacin (ABK) was also strong with the MIC90 of 2 micrograms/ml against MRSA. However, MSSA and MRSA showing low susceptibilities were detected in one strain each (MIC: 16 micrograms/ml and 32 micrograms/ml, respectively). Carbapenems showed high activities against Citrobacter freundii and Escherichia coli. Meropenem (MEPM) prevented growth of all strains within 0.125 microgram/ml. Quinolone resistant E. coli decreased in this year compared with those in the last year, that percentage was less than 5%. Almost all drugs showed strong activities against Klebsiella pneumoniae and Proteus mirabilis. MEPM and carumonam (CRMN) prevented growth of all strains within 0.125 microgram/ml. On the other hand, one strain of K. pneumoniae showing resistance to cefaclor (CCL) and one strain of P. mirabilis showing low susceptibility to most of cephems were detected. Against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, almost drugs were not so active. The MIC90s of carbapenems were 8 micrograms/ml and those of all other drugs were more than 16 micrograms/ml.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed2001

[Comparative studies on activities of antimicrobial agents against causative organisms isolated from patients with urinary tract infections (1999). II. Background of patients].

Five-hundred forty four bacterial strains isolated from 412 patients diagnosed as having urinary tract infections (UTIs) in 9 institutions in Japan were supplied between the period of August 1999 to July 2000. Then, the clinical background of patients were investigated such as sex, age and type of infections, infections and kind of bacteria, frequency of isolation of bacteria by age and infections, bacteria and infections by timing of administration of antibiotics, and bacteria and infections by surgical procedures. About the relationship between age and sex of patients and type of infections, the number of male patients aged less than 50 years was few, and complicated UTIs without indwelling catheter was the most frequent. In females, the number of patients aged less than 20 years was few. Complicated UTIs without indwelling catheter was the most frequent among female patients aged between 40 to 59 years, in other age groups, uncomplicated UTIs was most frequent. As for type of infections and kind of bacteria, Escherichia coli decreased when the infections became complicated, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterococcus faecalis increased when the infection became complicated. Considering this result by age of patients, isolation frequency of E. coli was gradually decreased with aging in patients aged more than 20 years with uncomplicated UTIs or complicated UTIs without indwelling catheter. The isolation frequencies of E. faecalis and Staphylococcus aureus were gradually increased with aging in complicated UTIs without indwelling catheter. In patients with complicated UTIs with indwelling catheter, there was no difference between age group, and P. aeruginosa and E. faecalis were frequently isolated. As for type of causative organisms in UTIs before and after the administration of antibiotics, the isolation of bacteria was remarkably decreased after administration in patients with uncomplicated UTIs and complicated UTIs without indwelling catheter. E. coli decreased after administration of antibiotics, and P. aeruginosa and E. faecalis increased after administration in patients with all infections. As for type of causative organisms in UTIs and surgical procedures, E. coli were more frequently isolated in patients with uncomplicated UTIs when surgical procedures were experienced. Also, Klebsiella spp. and E. faecalis were more frequently isolated in patients with surgical procedures. However, in complicated UTIs, type of causative organisms had no relationship with surgical procedures.

Adolescent↗