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Biomedical subjects

T Hirose

Publications and source records attributed to T Hirose.

At least 289 records · Page 16Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

Early parental loss and depressive disorder in Japan.

The aim of this study is to determine in a Japanese sample whether or not the permanent loss of a parent by death or separation in childhood is aetiologically associated with unipolar major depressive disorder (according to RDC). We compared the incidence of parental loss before 17 years of age by death or separation between 122 depressed inpatients and 94 non- and never-depressed medical controls. Early maternal death was found to be significantly more common in the depressives than in the controls. Separation from either parent also showed a trend towards an increased incidence in the depressive group. No significant difference in the incidence of early paternal death was found.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Differentiation and proliferative activity in benign and malignant cartilage tumors of bone.

To assess the histological grade in benign and malignant cartilage tumors of bone by more objective methods, we examined the differentiation and proliferative activity of tumor cells in six enchondromas, five chondroblastomas, and 13 chondrosarcomas immunohistochemically. A variable number of cells in all tumors showed S-100 protein and vimentin immunoreactivity. In fully differentiated cartilage of enchondromas and low grade chondrosarcomas, tenascin, which is an extracellular matrix glycoprotein, was present in small amounts or absent but was increased at the periphery of tumor lobules and even in the matrix throughout the high grade chondrosarcomas. Higher rate and intensity of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) reactivity were found in chondrosarcomas, especially in spindle-shaped cells of high grade tumors, than in enchondromas. The distribution of PCNA-positive cells almost corresponded to the regions with tenascin reactivity. One tumor of high grade chondrosarcoma showed p53 protein immunoreactivity. Aberrant expression of cytokeratin was observed in four chondroblastomas. The expression of desmin was identified in relatively large proportions of enchondromas and chondrosarcomas, regardless of their benign or malignant nature and histological grade. Smooth muscle or muscle-specific actins also were present in a smaller number of tumors. Based on these findings, it is concluded that unusual staining characteristics were present, in addition to those of a chondroblastic nature, in the cartilage tumors of bone. Tenascin and PCNA positivity of various degrees in all chondroblastomas may suggest that they are chondrogenic tumors having a relatively high proliferative activity, albeit their benign clinical course. Proliferative activity of tumor cells in enchondromas and chondrosarcomas correlated well with their histological grade. Tenascin may play a role in promoting tumor cell proliferation of cartilagenous neoplasms and, on the other hand, the alterations of extracellular matrix involving tenascin synthesis seem to be a result of tumor development.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Intraneural perineurioma. A clonal neoplasm associated with abnormalities of chromosome 22.

The nature of perineurioma, variably termed "localized hypertrophic neuropathy," "intraneural neurofibroma," and "hypertrophic interstitial neuritis" has long been an issue of contention. Most authors consider it a neoplasm, but some a reactive process. Eight clinically and morphologically typical perineuriomas were studied by histologic, immunohistochemical and ultrastructural methods. One perineurioma was subject to tissue culture and cytogenetic study and another to fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis. The patients, 3 males and 5 females, ranged in age from 11 to 38 years. All tumors were intraneural, and involved extremities (2 sciatic, 1 median, 1 femoral, 1 peroneal, 1 brachial plexus, 1 ulnar, and 1 radial). Neurologic symptoms, motor in all cases and sensory in 4, were present from 1 month to 7 years (mean 1.2 years). Fusiform, segmental nerve enlargement was clinically apparent in only two patients, but was evident on MRI in five of eight patients. Lesion length ranged from 3.5 to 30 cm, the largest involving the sciatic nerve from the obturator foramen to the knee. One lesion involved two nerve roots, but no association with a phakomatosis was noted. Treatment consisted of biopsy in six cases and resection in two cases. Histologically, pseudo-onion bulbs composed of epithelial membrane antigen-reactive, S-100 protein-negative perineurial cells surrounded myelinated or nonmyelinated nerve fibers. Many were accompanied by their S-100 protein-positive Schwann sheaths. Some whorls lacked a central axon. A single mitosis was noted in one case. The MIB-1 antigen labelling index ranged from 4% to 17%. Staining for p53 antigen in six cases showed no (2 of 6), rare (2 of 6), or scattered (2 of 6) immunoreactive nuclei. Cytogenetic analysis in one case demonstrated a chromosomally abnormal clone. Each of 16 metaphases was abnormal; the tumor cells appeared to be homozygously deficient for the region 22q11.2qter. In another case, 53% of interphase nuclei showed three FISH signals with a chromosome 14/22 probe, thus suggesting either monosomy for the centromere of chromosome 14 or that of chromosome 22.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Irradiation with ultraviolet light in the presence of vanadate increases Ca2+ permeability of the sarcoplasmic reticulum membrane via Ca(2+)-ATPase.

The sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) of rabbit skeletal muscle was irradiated with ultraviolet light (UV) in the presence of vanadate plus 2 mM EGTA, 10 mM MgCl2, 20% DMSO, and 50 mM PIPES (pH 6.5) at room temperature. In the presence of 100 microM vanadate, the Ca(2+)-uptake activity of SR rapidly decreased and was almost lost in 20 min. The activity was inhibited as a function of vanadate concentration with an apparent Ki of about 20 microM. On the other hand, Ca(2+)-dependent ATP hydrolytic activity as well as phosphoenzyme (EP) formation activity decreased very slowly, and more than 50% of these activities remained 20 min after initiation of the vanadate-UV treatment. Half inhibition of these activities required about 100 microM vanadate. The loss of the relationship between Ca(2+)-uptake and ATPase reaction was found to be mainly caused by an increase in the Ca2+ permeability of the SR membrane, which was raised by increasing the vanadate concentration or UV irradiation time in a manner similar to that observed for the Ca2+ uptake. No rise in Ca2+ permeability occurred in liposomes reconstituted from SR lipid when they were irradiated with UV in the presence of 100 microM vanadate. When the vanadate-UV-treated SR was allowed to react with fluoral-P (4-amino-3-penten-2-one), an indicator of aldehyde, and the membrane proteins were separated by HPLC in the presence of SDS, the fluorescent probe was found to be closely associated with the Ca(2+)-ATPase fraction.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adenosine Triphosphate↗
PubMed1995

Aneurysmal fibrous histiocytoma of the skin. A histological, immunohistochemical, and ultrastructural study.

We present two cases of aneurysmal fibrous histiocytoma of the skin on the lower extremities of a 41-year-old man and a 23-year-old woman. Both the tumors appeared clinically as cutaneous nodules with a recent history of rapid growth and showed microscopically a unique formation of blood-filled tissue spaces and a storiform proliferation of histiocyte-like and fibroblast-like cells in a capillary-rich stroma. Such clinical and histologic features fit the original description of this entity. Immunohistochemically the tumor cells of both cases were immunoreactive for factor XIIIa, Mac 387, and vimentin and gave negative results for factor VIII-related antigen, desmin, actin, and S-100 protein. Ultrastructurally the tumors were composed mainly of siderosome-containing histiocyte-like cells, fibroblast-like cells, and intermediate cells and lacked prominent proliferation of endothelial cells. Thus, the ultrastructural findings agreed with the immunophenotypes expressed by the tumor cells, supporting the fibrohistiocytic origin of this lesion. In view of the recent rapid growth, the presence of hemorrhagic pseudocysts, the extravasation of erythrocytes, and the high vascularity of the present tumors, we emphasize the importance of distinguishing this lesion from angiomatoid fibrous histiocytoma and cutaneous malignancies of mesenchymal origin.

Actins↗
PubMed1995

Correlating preferential looking visual acuity and visual behavior in severely visually handicapped children.

We developed a series of questions that reflects the functional abilities of severely visually handicapped children. The study population comprised 100 patients aged 30 to 60 months (mean 43.23), mostly afflicted with retinopathy of prematurity. Visual acuity was measured by preferential looking. Preferential looking acuities of the patients ranged from 20/25 (0.8) to 20/6400 (0.003) (mean 20/470 (0.04)). Ten activities were analyzed and correlated with preferential looking acuity. Among the selected visual activities, when children are not interested in television (p = 0.0001), toys (other than those that make sounds (p = 0.0001), and people (p = 0.001)), their preferential looking acuities were very low. For example, 73 out of 100 patients who were visually interested in television had preferential looking acuities (mean 20/245 (0.082)) that were significantly higher (p = 0.001) than 21 patients not interested in television (mean 20/2806 (0.007)). Patients with nystagmus (n = 79) had significantly lower preferential looking acuities (p = 0.0001) (mean 20/1114 (0.018)) than patients with no nystagmus (mean 20/57 (0.35)). When evaluating visual function in young, severely visually impaired patients, in addition to preferential looking testing, analyzing visual behavior within the environment is important to accurately evaluate their remaining visual abilities.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1995

[Study of pathogenicity of various serovars of Enterococcus faecalis].

Using a mouse experimental UTI (urinary tract infection) model, a study was conducted to find the pathogenicity of various serovars of E. faecalis. On the basis of studies employing serovar-specific factor sera prepared with E. faecalis type strains, serovar 2, 3, 4 and 10 strains showed a high incidence of involvement in pyelonephritis: 90.3%, 85.7%, 85% and 73.3%. Serovar 1, 6 and 7 strains each showed a 63.6% incidence of involvement in pyelonephritis, indicating that they have a moderate pathogenicity. The pathogenicity of the other serovar strains was not very strong, with a low incidence of 40-59.1%. These results were thus in good agreement with the findings of the study using the mouse experimental UTI model infected with clinical isolates. Serotyping was performed of E. faecalis clinical isolates obtained from patients with pyelonephritis or urosepsis. Serovars 2 and 4 comprised 75.1% of these isolates. It was surmised that E. faecalis serovars 2 and 4 tend to have strong pathogenicity. Thus, there were quite a few differences in pathogenicity of E. faecalis according to each kind of serovar.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

[Study of distribution of serovars of Enterococcus faecalis clinical isolates].

Serotyping was conducted of E. faecalis strains isolated from various clinical specimens, and the distribution of the serovars was investigated. To date, 21 serovars of E. faecalis have been identified. The most common serovars in Japanese 770 strains were types 2 (30.6%), 7 (13.9%), 1 (12.2%) and 4 (6.9%), and these four serovars accounted for 63.6% of the total strains. The most common serovars in USA 200 strains were types 1 (22.5%), 4 (14.5%) and 2 (14.0%). The most common serovars in UK 65 strains were types 2 (24.6%), 4 (13.8%) and 9 (7.7%). The distribution of E. faecalis serovars differ as a function of the country of origin. Next, serological classification was performed for E. faecalis strains isolated from various Japanese clinical specimens. For the strains obtained from the urine, the most common serovars were types 2 (32.7%) and 7 (14.6%). Similarly, the most common serovars of the strains isolated from the various other clinical specimens were as follows: types 7 (35.0%) and 2 (15.0%) from pus; types 7 (44.4%) and 2 (33.3%) from sputum; types 2 (22.3%) and 1 (13.1%) from blood; and types 2 (34.9%) and 1 (27.9%) from the vaginal smear. It had no definite pattern for the distribution of serovars. The distribution of serovars varied in accordance with isolated years. Accordingly, the data obtained in these studies revealed that the distributions of E. faecalis serovars differ as a function of the geographical area of origin, the clinical specimen of origin and the year of origin. This approach is useful for serological classification of E. faecalis strains, and it is thought that it will be useful for epidemiological studies of this bacterium.

Enterococcus faecalis↗
PubMed1995

[Clinical efficacy of lomefloxacin (100 mg or 300 mg) single-dose therapy in female acute uncomplicated cystitis].

Female acute uncomplicated cystitis responds relatively well to antimicrobial chemotherapy. In particular, new quinolones are suited for use as antimicrobial agents in single-dose therapy of female acute uncomplicated cystitis since they have a long serum half-life and express potent antimicrobial activity against the causative microbes of this infection. Lomefloxacin (LFLX) is one such new quinolone which shows a long serum half-life, expresses potent antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli (E. coli) and maintains an effective urinary drug concentration for approximately three days after a single administration. The authors carried out a comparative investigation of the clinical efficacy of single doses of 100 mg and 300 mg of LFLX in the treatment of female acute uncomplicated cystitis. The clinical efficacy rates with these doses, evaluated on the 3rd day after administration, were 98.2% (56/57 cases) for the 100mg-LFLX dose and 100% (62/62 cases) for the 300-mg LFLX dose. When the evaluation was performed on the 7th day after administration, the clinical efficacy rates were 91.3% (42/46 cases) for the 100-mg LFLX dose and 95.8% (46/48 cases) for the 300-mg LFLX dose. In addition, the microbial eradication rates were 73.7% (42/57 cases) for the 100-mg LFLX group and 75.8% (47/62 cases) for the 300-mg LFLX group on the 3rd day after administration, and 71.7% (33/46 cases) for the 100-mg LFLX group and 83.3% (40/48 cases) for the 300-mg LFLX group on the 7th day after administration. Although there were no statistically significant differences between the two LFLX dosage groups for these parameters at either of the evaluation times, the rates for the 300-mg LFLX dose were slightly superior. The investigators judged the efficacy of the LFLX treatment as having been insufficient in 12 patients, and urological examinations performed on six of those cases determined that there were mild underlying diseases in four cases, such as stenosis of the urethral meatus. On the basis of the findings described above, it is clear that a single 100-mg dose of LFLX provided sufficient clinical efficacy in the treatment of female acute uncomplicated cystitis, but the efficacy of the 300-mg dose of LFLX was even better. In addition, it was surmised that performance of detailed urological examinations provides an opportunity to detect mild underlying diseases that may be the cause of the intractability in female acute uncomplicated cystitis cases showing an insufficient response to treatment with antimicrobial agents such as LFLX.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1995

[A study on the role of Chlamydia trachomatis in chronic prostatitis--analysis of anti-Chlamydia trachomatis specific IgA in expressed prostate secretion by western-blotting method].

Opinion among researchers is divided as to whether Chlamydia trachomatis is the causative organism of chronic prostatitis. In this study, using enzyme immuno assay, we examined the positive rate of anti-C. trachomatis IgA according to the leukocyte count in expressed prostate secretion (EPS), in a total of 169 patients including 92 patients who showed chronic prostatitis-like symptoms. And we confirmed, by western-blotting, the presence or absence of anti-heat shock protein (HSP: 60 KDa) IgA in EPS, and we investigated the role of C. trachomatis in chronic prostatitis. The total positive rate of anti-C. trachomatis IgA in EPS was 26.0% (44/169). According to the leukocyte count in EPS, the positive rate for the group with more than 10 WBC/hpf was 29.0% (20/69), for the group with 5-9 WBC/hpf was 37.9% (11/29), for the group with less than 5 WBC/hpf was 18.3% (13/71). Accordingly the positive rate of anti-C. trachomatis IgA in EPS was not higher in direct correlation to the severity of the inflammation at the infected site (p = 0.09). But the positive rate for the group with more than 5 WBC/hpf was higher than for the group with less than 5 WBC/hpf. On the other hand, the total positive rate of anti-HSP IgA in EPS was 17.6% (6/34), and according to the leukocyte count in EPS, the positive rate for the group with more than 10 WBC/hpf was 38.5% (5/13), for the group with 5-9 WBC/hpf was 0% (0/12). Accordingly the positive rate of anti-HSP IgA in EPS was higher in direct correlation to the severity of the inflammation at the infected site (p = 0.13). From this results, it was suggested that C. trachomatis was concerned with 29.0% (20/69) of chronic prostatitis with more than 10 WBC/hpf, and also C. trachomatis is the causative organism of chronic prostatis.

Antibody Specificity↗
PubMed1995

[Long-term monitoring of female acute uncomplicated cystitis cases after lomefloxacin single-dose therapy].

Female acute uncomplicated cystitis responds relatively well to antimicrobial chemotherapy, but this is also a disease which shows a high frequency of recurrence. However, there have been no published reports regarding long-term monitoring of the course of this disease after therapy has been administered. Accordingly, using primarily a questionnaire, the authors carried out long-term monitoring (for a mean of 242 days) of the natural course of cases of female acute uncomplicated cystitis after single-dose therapy with lomefloxacin (LFLX), a new quinolone antimicrobial agent. The subjects of this study were female patients diagnosed as having acute uncomplicated cystitis with pain upon urination, pyuria (> or = 10 WBCs/hpf) and bacteriuria (> or = 10(4) cfu/ml). LFLX was orally administered as a single dose of 100 mg or 300 mg, and the therapeutic efficacy was evaluated on the 3rd and 7th days thereafter. In principle, the evaluation of cure was performed on the 7th day after LFLX administration, and monitoring was conducted to detect early recurrence during the next 7 days (i.e., through the 14th day after treatment). Then the subjects were monitored for late recurrence during a mean follow-up period of 242 days by means of a questionnaire. Confirmation of recurrence was carried out to the greatest extent possible. It was possible to carry out long-term monitoring of the natural course of 101 cases of female acute uncomplicated cystitis in which the clinical efficacy on the 3rd day after LFLX treatment had been evaluated as good or excellent.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1995

Pattern-reversal visual-evoked response in bull's eye maculopathy associated with Stargardt's disease.

Using steady-state pattern-reversal visual-evoked response (PVER), we studied the macular function in patients with bull's eye maculopathy. The results were correlated with fluorescein angiography. Study patients with an established (25 eyes of 14 patients) and a suspected (8 eyes of 4 patients) diagnosis of Stargardt's disease with bull's eye maculopathy were divided into group G (good vision group: 15 eyes with visual acuity of 20/40 or better) and group P (poor vision group: 18 eyes with visual acuity of 20/50 or worse). The diameters of the atrophic area and the normal or less affected central area of the bull's eye were measured form the fluorescein angiograms. The mean diameter of the central area in group G (2.0 degrees) was significantly larger than that in group P (0.6 degrees; d.f. = 17, p = 0.0227). The PVER amplitudes were reduced in the patient groups with all check sizes and the amplitude-check size functions were flat. Amplitude differences were observed between the patient groups with the 20' checks (d.f. = 17, p = 0.0638), probably due to the difference in the mean central diameters (2.0 degrees vs. 0.6 degrees). Patients with a perifoveal abnormality can have an abnormal PVER despite relatively good visual acuity. We also recorded the PVER in 7 normal controls tested with simulated ring-shaped scotomas, the sizes of which matched the mean diameters of the scotomas in the patient groups (7.0 degrees x 0.6 degrees and 7.0 degrees x 2.0 degrees). The controls also showed markedly reduced responses with all check sizes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Purification and characterization of glutathione-independent denitration enzyme of organic nitrate esters in rabbit hepatic cytosol.

The enzyme responsible for glutathione (GSH)-independent denitration of organic nitrate esters was purified by gel chromatography, ion-exchange chromatography and affinity chromatography from rabbit hepatic cytosol. The enzyme showed a molecular mass of 175 kDa and consisted of three subunits of 59 kDa. The enzyme exerted its maximum activities at around pH 9, when isosorbide dinitrate (ISDN) was used as substrate. The enzyme possessed a low Km value (10(-6) M) for various organic nitrate esters. The present enzyme is likely to be involved in the denitration of organic nitrate esters in conjunction with known enzymes, GSH S-transferase (GST) and cytochrome P450.

Ammonium Sulfate↗
PubMed1995

Physical-chemistry characteristics and biodistribution of poly(ethylene glycol)-coated liposomes using poly(oxyethylene) cholesteryl ether.

Poly(ethylene glycol)-coated liposomes were prepared with poly(oxyethylene) cholesteryl ethers (mPEG-Chol). PEG unit numbers tested were 50, 100 and 200, of which the average molecular weights (m) of PEG were 2200, 4400 and 8800, respectively. Properties of both PEG-coated liposomes and PEG-Chol molecules were investigated. These liposomes exhibited a long circulation time in the blood after i.v. injection in rats, estimated by both the lipid membrane marker, L-alpha-dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine [2-palmitoyl-9,10-3H](3H-DPPC), and an internal aqueous marker, 3H-inulin. Accumulation in the liver and spleen at 8h-post-injection was significantly reduced compared with conventional liposomes. The percentage of PEG-Chol incorporation in liposomal membranes was also investigated. Liposomes composed of egg yolk phosphatidylcholine (EPC)/PEG-Chol at various molar ratios were separated from free PEG-Chol molecules, which are not incorporated in liposomal membranes by chromatography over Sepharose CL-4B columns, PEG-Chol incorporation reached approx. 14 and 18 mol% of the total lipids with 25% PEG-Chol unit numbers of 200 and 50, respectively. The occupied area per molecule of PEG-Chol was larger than that of Chol, and the fluorescence anisotropy (r) of the initial 25 mol% (8800)PEG-Chol liposomes was smaller than that observed for 12.5 mol% Chol liposomes. PEG-coated liposomes containing calcein were incubated at 37 degrees C in heat-inactivated fetal bovine serum (FBS). In the presence of FBS, calcein leakage was increased with PEG-Chol percentage incorporation and an increase in FBS concentration. The amount released from PEG-coated liposomes represented 60% at maximum and was larger than that of the control liposomes. PEG-Chol molecules are interesting compounds since they can be easily synthesized in a large amount on an industrial scale. The basic physical-chemistry characteristics investigated in this article are critical to assess the pharmacological application of PEG-Chol liposomes as drug delivery systems.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Magnetic resonance imaging of the central nervous system in the kitten.

The optimum technical conditions for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the central nervous system (CNS) in the 3-week-old kitten were investigated with a low (0.2 T) magnetic field MRI unit equipped with a custom-made solenoid radio frequency (RF) coil. In the brain, T1 weighted images (TR/TE = 500/38 msec) and T2 weighted images (TR/TE = 1,800/110 msec) clearly delineated each anatomical portion of the brain. In the spinal cord, T2 weighted images (TR/TE = 1,500/110 msec) demonstrated structures distinctly. These results suggest that even low magnetic field MRI can be used for noninvasive scanning of small animals including new born animals.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

[The effect of fixed night work on blood pressure of male bakery workers in a processing plant].

The effect of fixed night work on blood pressure was investigated for the 13 male bakery workers. All were on the fixed night duty for the first 5 years. The mean BP values of the subjects began to rise significantly from the 4th year. At the 6th year, half of the subjects switched to working in shifts. After that, no increase in the mean BP values was seen in this group. Further increase in the values was observed in the other group on the night duty. However, a two-hour nap late at night prevented the rise of the mean BP values.

Adult↗