Seasonal variation in serum total concentrations of cholesterol and protein in elderly subjects.
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Adult↗
Biomedical subjects
T Hirose
Publications and source records attributed to T Hirose.
CD27, a member of the nerve growth factor receptor family, is preferentially expressed on CD45RA+ CD4 T cell clones and involved in distinct immunoregulatory functions.
CD27 is a disulfide-linked 120-kDa homodimer expressed on the majority of peripheral T cells at variable density that belongs to the recently defined nerve growth factor receptor family. mAb reactive with CD27 can either enhance or inhibit T cell activation, suggesting a crucial role in the process of T cell activation. We now show that CD27 is preferentially expressed on the CD45RA+CD45RO-CD29low subset of CD4 cells. CD27 expression on this subset is maintained for a prolonged period in culture after PHA activation. In contrast, CD45RA-CD45RO(+)-CD29high subset of CD4 cells express very low level of CD27, and its expression is lost within 2 wk after PHA activation. To further analyze the differential expression of CD27 on these reciprocal subsets of CD4 cells, we developed T cell clones by stimulating isolated CD4+CD45RA+ and CD4+CD45RO+ populations with PHA. T cell clones derived from cells originally CD45RA+ retained both CD45RA and CD27 expression, whereas T cell clones derived from cells originally CD45RO+ were CD45RA- and CD27-. In functional assays, IL-4 production could only be induced in CD45RA-CD27- CD4 clones by stimulation with PMA and ionomycin. Four of six CD45RA+ CD4 clones had suppressor activity in PWM-driven IgG synthesis, whereas five of six CD45RA- CD4 clones had helper activity. Of interest, the suppressor activity of CD45RA+CD27+ clones was partially blocked by pretreatment with anti-CD27 mAb (1A4). Anti-1A4 pretreatment of these T cell clones resulted in elevation of intracellular cAMP levels. Thus, CD27 appears to play a role in the function of CD45RA+CD27+ CD4 cells, and may be involved in suppressor activity of these cells at least in part via its effects on cAMP production.
Antigens, CD↗
Ethacrynic acid-induced convulsions and brain neurotransmitters in mice.
Intracerebroventricular injection of ethacrynic acid (50% convulsive dose; 50 micrograms/mouse) accelerated the synthesis/turnover of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) but suppressed the synthesis of gamma-aminobutyric acid and acetylcholine in mouse brain. These effects were completely antagonized by pretreatment with a glutamate/N-methyl-D-aspartate antagonist, aminophosphonovaleric acid. In ethacrynic acid-induced convulsions, these neurotransmitter systems may be differentially modulated, probably through activation of glutaminergic neurons in the brain.
2-Amino-5-phosphonovalerate↗
Pattern reversal visual-evoked response as a prognostic indicator in macular gliosis.
We recorded the preoperative pattern reversal visual-evoked responses in 16 subjects (16 eyes) with macular gliosis who underwent membrane-peeling operations. A postoperative visual improvement of one octave or more was observed in 11 of 16 eyes (68.8%). Preoperatively, ten eyes had peak amplitudes greater than or equal to 2 microV, all 11 eyes had either lowpass or bandpass curve shapes, and ten eyes had recordable responses to 20- or 10-minutes of an arc check sizes. Each of the three preoperative criteria was significantly associated with a postoperative visual improvement of one octave or more (P = .01, .02, and .02, respectively). These results demonstrate that the preoperative pattern reversal visual-evoked response can objectively assess the function of the underlying macula in patients with macular gliosis and, consequently, is helpful in determining which patient would most likely benefit from a membrane-peeling operation.
Adult↗
Electrophysiological findings in paraneoplastic retinopathy.
Paraneoplastic retinopathy is a cancer-related non-metastatic retinopathy mainly associated with lung cancer. We examined two patients with presumed paraneoplastic retinopathy, both ophthalmologically and electrophysiologically. Both patients presented with initial visual complaints of moderate reduction of visual acuity. No specific fundus anomaly was found in the fundus except for a mild attenuation of the retinal arteries. The electroretinogram and pattern reversal visual evoked responses were either markedly reduced in amplitude or non-recordable. The electrooculogram recorded in one patient demonstrated a markedly reduced light peak/dark trough ratio. These results indicate the presence of a severe and diffuse bilateral retinal dysfunction, despite the relatively good visual acuities and mild fundus changes. Electrophysiological evaluations play an important role in the diagnosis of paraneoplastic retinopathy.
Aged↗
Intraocular pressure determination in infants with severe retinopathy of prematurity.
We determined intraocular pressure (IOP) in 55 premature infants (122 determinations) with stage V retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) by applanation and indentation tonometry corrected for scleral rigidity and found a modest correlation of r = 0.52 between readings. Chronologic age and the scleral rigidity coefficient were the most significant factors affecting the closeness in readings. Our findings suggest that the applanation method of obtaining IOP values is preferable in infants with ROP because this method is less affected by technical error and the variable nature of premature infant sclera. Frequent examination may be necessary to detect an early IOP increase, especially in infants who have had successful retinal reattachment through vitreoretinal techniques.
Child, Preschool↗
A rare case of fibroadenoma in a tubular adenoma of the breast.
We report herein a case of a 31 year old housewife who underwent an excisional biopsy for a well-circumscribed lump in her breast. The lump contained 2 histological patterns, namely, fibroadenoma and tubular adenoma. These patterns had no transitional zone, were distinct and changed abruptly. This case was histologically diagnosed as "a fibroadenoma in tubular adenoma of the breast, benign", with no other such case ever having been reported in Japan. The histological findings of this case, convinced us that tubular adenoma is closely related to fibroadenoma.
Adenofibroma↗
Anaplastic ganglioglioma of the brain stem demonstrating active neurosecretory features of neoplastic neuronal cells.
An autopsy case of anaplastic ganglioglioma in the brain stem of a 12-year-old girl is reported. The ill-defined tumor involved the right cerebellar peduncle, medulla oblongata and upper cervical spinal cord, and showed mixed proliferation of many ganglioid cells and atypical pilocytic astrocytes with necrotic areas. Immunohistochemical studies revealed the presence of chromogranin A in most ganglioid cells and of metenkephalin in some large ganglioid cells. Glial cells were positive for glial fibrillary acidic protein and vimentin. Ultrastructurally, numerous dense-core granules of 90-220 nm in diameter were demonstrated in ganglioid cells and abundant glial filaments in glial cells. High neurosecretory activity in neuronal cells, suggested by chromogranin-immunoreactivity and dense-core granules, seems to be the most characteristic property of ganglion cell tumors.
Brain Neoplasms↗
Effects of reactive oxygen intermediate scavengers on the antitoxoplasmic activity of activated macrophages.
Obioactin, Lonomycin A, muramyl dipeptide, and scavengers of hydrogen radicals and of singlet oxygen were used to study the participation of.OH and 1O2 in the killing of Toxoplasma in cultures of glycogen-induced peritoneal macrophages. Both the scavengers of OH (diazabicyclooctane and histidine) and those of 1O2 (mannitol and sodium benzoate) failed to inhibit the multiplication of Toxoplasma in macrophages that were incubated with either Obioactin, Lonomycin A, or MDP. The results of these experiments demonstrate the apparent lack of an inhibitory effect of.OH and 1O2 on the multiplication of Toxoplasma, whereas the scavengers alone inhibited the growth of the parasites.
Acetylmuramyl-Alanyl-Isoglutamine↗
Effect of light scatter on the pattern reversal visual evoked response: comparison with psychophysical results.
The effect of light scatter on the pattern reversal visual evoked response (PVER) was studied in 6 normal subjects. The results were compared with contrast visual acuity, contrast sensitivity function, and glare disability. Light scatter was induced by translucent acrylic sheets. Visual acuity measured with the low-contrast charts decreased significantly (P < 0.0001) even with a small degree of light scatter. Contrast sensitivity decreased with a small degree of light scatter especially for high spatial frequencies. PVER amplitudes decreased especially at the smaller checks with its peak shifted to larger checks. PVER was equally sensitive to light scatter compared to psychophysical tests.
Adult↗
Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors: an immunohistochemical study in relation to ultrastructural features.
The constituent cells in malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors were examined by studying the expression of immunohistochemical markers for Schwann cells and perineurial cells in relation to ultrastructural features in 12 malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors. Ultrastructural studies demonstrated mixed proliferation of Schwann cells, perineurial cells, fibroblastic cells, and primitive cells in many malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors. Expression of S-100 protein was well correlated with Schwann cell-like differentiation of tumor cells. However, Leu-7 and epithelial membrane antigen, which have been considered to be specific to Schwann cells and perineurial cells, respectively, were common to Schwann cells, perineurial cells, and primitive cells. The common immunophenotypic expression suggests a close relationship among these cell types. The unusual expression of cytokeratin could be explained by the plasticity of intermediate filament expression.
Adult↗
Presence of autoantibodies to peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase (cyclosporin A-binding protein) in systemic lupus erythematosus.
Several autoantibodies against cytoplasmic or nuclear components of cells have been reported in autoimmune diseases. We report here a previously unrecognized autoantibody to peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase (PPIase) in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). PPIase, which catalyzes the cis-trans isomerization of proline imidic peptide bonds in oligopeptides, has recently been found to be identical to cyclophilin, a specific binding protein of a potent immunosuppressant, cyclosporin A. IgG and IgM anti-PPIase antibodies were detected in 40 and 20% of unselected patients with SLE, respectively, by ELISA. The reactivity of these sera was confirmed by immunoblotting experiments. Sera from rheumatoid arthritis patients showed no reactivity and 1 of 8 sera from systemic sclerosis patients and 1 of 25 sera from normal controls showed only weak reactivity. Unexpectedly, the anti-PPIase antibody was unable to inhibit PPIase activity, indicating that the autoantibody recognizes an epitope of PPIase which is different from the active site of PPIase. The levels of the anti-PPIase antibody in SLE patients correlated with remissions and flares of the disease. The anti-PPIase antibody was higher in patients with active SLE than those with inactive disease. The prevalence of the active stage of the disease was significantly higher in IgG anti-PPIase antibody-positive SLE patients as compared to antibody-negative SLE patients. These data define the presence of a new autoantibody against PPIase and its association with the activity and certain clinical manifestations in SLE.
Adult↗
Interaction of DP-TAT-59, an active metabolite of new triphenylethylene-derivative (TAT-59), with estrogen receptors.
DP-TAT-59, (Z)-2-(4-(1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-(4-isopropylphenyl)-1-butenyl) phenoxy)-N, N-dimethylethylamine, has been reported to inhibit estrogen-stimulated growth of MCF-7 cells as well as rat uterus at lower concentrations than the hydroxymetabolite of tamoxifen (4-OH-TAM). In the present study, the growth of mouse Leydig cell tumor, B-1F cells were also more effectively inhibited by DP-TAT-59 than 4-OH-TAM. Additionally, the expression of estrogen responsive element ligated CAT gene transfected into B-1F cells was also suppressed by DP-TAT-59. Thus, the interaction of DP-TAT-59 with estrogen receptor (ER) was characterized and compared with that of 4-OH-TAM using immature rat and bovine uteri. The dissociation constant of DP-TAT-59 to ER of immature rat uterus was 0.24 nM and was similar to that of 4-OH-TAM (Kd = 0.20 nM) and estradiol (Kd = 0.29 nM). Using sucrose density gradients, the sedimentation constant of DP-TAT-59 with bovine uterus was 4.9S, which was similar to that of estradiol (5.1S) and 4-OH-TAM (5.3S). However, the elution profile of the DP-TAT-59-ER complex from a DEAE-Sephadex column was different for both estradiol-and 4-OH-TAM-ER complexes. These results suggest that ER forms different complexes with DP-TAT-59 than estradiol or 4-OH-TAM, while the ER binding affinity of these compounds are similar to each other.
Animals↗
Aniseikonia and stereoacuity in pseudophakic patients. Unilateral and bilateral cases.
PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy of intraocular lens (IOL) implant procedures, analyzing visual function of the operated eyes and the resulting binocular vision. METHOD: The authors measured aniseikonia and stereoacuity in patients with both bilateral and unilateral posterior chamber intraocular lenses (PC IOLs). The aniseikonia was measured with the New Aniseikonia Test; the stereoacuity was evaluated with the Titmus Stereotest. RESULTS: In 41 patients with bilateral PC IOLs, aniseikonia measured with the New Aniseikonia Test ranged from 0% to 4% (mean, 0.76%; standard deviation = 1.04%). The average stereoacuity evaluated with the Titmus test was 7.68 circles (less than 60 seconds; range, greater than 800 to 40 seconds of arc), with 36 of 41 patients (87.8%) showing a stereoacuity less than or equal to 100 seconds of arc. In 37 patients with unilateral PC IOLs, the aniseikonia ranged from 0% to 6% (mean, 0.97%; standard deviation = 1.13%). Their stereoacuity also ranged from greater than 800 to 40 seconds (mean, 7.67 circles) (less than 60 seconds). In this group, 34 of 37 (91.8%) patients showed a stereoacuity less than or equal to 100 seconds of arc. CONCLUSION: Although the problem of aniseikonia still remains, a significant number of patients attain good binocular function after unilateral and bilateral PC IOL implantation.
Adult↗
Enflurane-induced release of an excitatory amino acid, glutamate, from mouse brain synaptosomes.
To clarify the mechanisms of enflurane-induced convulsions, we examined the effects of enflurane, halothane, and diethyl ether on the release of an excitatory neurotransmitter, glutamate, from isolated pinched-off nerve terminals (synaptosomes) of the mouse cerebral cortex. At concentrations corresponding to those used clinically (0.75 and 1.25 mM), enflurane released more glutamate than did halothane. Diethyl ether (10 and 58 mM) had no effect on glutamate release. Enflurane (0.75-15 mM) increased glutamate and aspartate release in a dose-dependent manner but had little effect on the release of the inhibitory neurotransmitters glycine and gamma-aminobutyric acid or on the release of glutamine. A glutamate uptake inhibitor, kainic acid (1 mM), did not affect enflurane-induced glutamate release. Replacement of the medium's Ca2+ by Co2+, or exposure to cold (about 2 degrees C), suppressed the enflurane-induced glutamate release. Depolarization caused by 40 mM K+ increased the basal level of glutamate released, and enflurane-induced glutamate release was lower after depolarization. Enflurane had no effect in synaptosomes prepared from the cerebellum, diencephalon and pons, or medulla oblongata. Thus, enflurane increased Ca(2+)- and temperature-dependent glutamate release, especially from synaptosomes of the cerebral cortex. These data provide a pathophysiologic explanation for enflurane-induced convulsions.
Animals↗
Reconstruction of fingertip deformities of the thumb using a venous flap.
Reconstructions of fingertip deformities have been attempted recently. We report a patient in whom the missing tip of a thumb was reconstructed by a local hinge flap and vascularized venous nail flap. This technique is less invasive than other reported methods and, in this situation, achieves a good result with a minimal donor deformity.
Adult↗
An apparatus for standardizing skull radiography.
A simple apparatus for standardizing skull radiography is described. It produces symmetrical and reproducible radiographs in the posteroanterior view, Waters's view, Towne's view, and projections.
Equipment Design↗
Repair of scalp defects using a tissue expander and Marlex mesh.
A simple technique using Marlex mesh and a tissue expander to cover scalp defects is described and two patients are presented. This technique is suitable for medium-sized defects that cannot be closed primarily. Marlex mesh is sutured to the wound edges in lieu of a temporary skin graft and to prevent enlargement of the defect during tissue expansion. The tissue expander is placed under adjacent normal scalp in a subgaleal pocket developed through the scalp defect. The scalp defect is closed secondarily using the expanded scalp flap. This technique was performed in two patients with satisfactory results. Marlex mesh obviates the need for a temporary skin graft to cover the scalp defect.
Adult↗