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Biomedical subjects

T Hirohata

Publications and source records attributed to T Hirohata.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

[A case of pituitary adenoma with simultaneous secretion of TSH and GH detected by double immunostaining method].

A rare case of simultaneous hypersecretion of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and growth hormone (GH) in a pituitary adenoma is reported. A 59-year-old male complaining of general fatigue, dyspnea on exertion and finger tremor was admitted. Examination on admission, he revealed with hyperthyroidism and hypersecretion of TSH and thyroid hormones. Administration of TRH did not further increase serum TSH level, and administration of T3 also had no effect on TSH secretion. CT scan showed a pituitary macroadenoma 13mm in diameter. MRI demonstrated a homogenously hypointense mass with Gd-DTPA enhancement in the left side of the sella turcica. The entire chromophobic adenoma was removed by trans-sphenoidal surgery. Immunostaining of the specimen showed that the cytoplasm of the adenoma cells was positive for both TSH and GH. Double immunostaining using avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex (ABC) method and immunogold silver staining (IGSS) method, showed that the adenoma cells had been secreting both GH and TSH at the same time. After the adenomectomy, the hyperthyroidism disappeared, and all altered indicators of pituitary function returned to normal.

Adenoma, Chromophobe↗
PubMed1991

[Splenic or hepatic arterial injections of interleukin-2 with chemotherapeutic agents for hepatic metastases].

Splenic or hepatic arterial injections of interleukin-2 (IL-2) with chemotherapeutic agents were performed in colorectal cancer patients with metastasis of the liver. LAK/NK activities in PBL from the patients receiving IL-2 plus cyclophosphamide (CY) splenic infusion were much potent than those of the patients receiving IL-2 alone. Twelve patients were treated with hepatic arterial infusions of IL-2 and mitomycin C (MMC)/5 fluorouracil (5FU). Ten patients were evaluable and remaining 2 cases were not evaluable because of having no measurable lesion; prophylactic infusion for occult metastasis after hepatectomy. Six out of 10 had a complete or partial response (60%), especially all patients receiving 6 months and more (3 cases) had a complete response (100%) and CEA level decreased to normal range. Lymphocyte phenotype study showed notable decrease in CD8+, 16+, 57+ cells and increase in CD4+ cells (elevation of 4/8 ratio) during the therapy. NK activity was closely related to the percentage of CD 16+, 57+ cells in peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL). These results might be reflected the dramatic accumulation of cytotoxic cells to the liver by the direct activation of hepatic sinusoidal endothelium due to IL-2 perfusion.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

[Long-term surgical results of microprolactinomas].

Sixty three patients with microprolactinoma were studied by long-term follow-up after surgical cure. Postoperative normalization of prolactin (PRL) was seen in 38 (60%) of the total 63 cases, and hyperprolactinemia recurred in 5 (13%) during the follow-up period. Spontaneous restoration of menstruation occurred in 45 (71%), and, in 41 (65%), regular menstrual cycle as continuing at the time of the last follow-up. 34 (72%) of 47 patients who wanted children became pregnant, and 31 of these had a subsequent successful delivery. Clinical cure by surgical treatment alone, followed by spontaneous restoration of menstruation and continuation of regular cycle during the follow-up period after pregnancy and delivery was seen in 41 (65%) of the total cases. From these results, it was concluded that transsphenoidal surgery should be the treatment of first choice for microprolactinoma when complete cure is required.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

[Pituitary apoplexy with localized hematoma in the suprasellar region].

The authors report a case of a patient with a pituitary tumor, in which pituitary apoplexy occurred only in the suprasellar part of the tumor. A 26-year-old woman suffered from abrupt worsening of vision and headache. A CT scan showed a dumb-bell-shaped tumor extending to the suprasellar region, in which an irregularly shaped low density area suggesting a liquidized hematoma was seen. The rapid worsening of her symptoms was highly indicative of pituitary apoplexy. The first operation was performed through the transsphenoidal route. There was no evidence of intratumoral hematoma in the intrasellar tumor, which could be removed successfully. However, the suprasellar mass could not be reached because of the hardness of the diaphragma sellae and the presence of a normal pituitary gland. MRI and CT cisternography after this first operation showed a narrow opening of the diaphragma sellae. The second operation using right frontotemporal craniotomy disclosed a suprasellar mass, which consisted of an old hematoma and a necrotic tumor. The tumor was sub-totally removed. The patient's visual acuity improved after the second operation. Although transsphenoidal surgery is the treatment of choice in patients with pituitary apoplexy, the selection of the surgical route should be made only after careful neuroradiological evaluation with regard to the extrasellar extension of the tumor.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1990

Survival of breast-cancer patients and body size indicators.

The association of breast-cancer survival with various risk factors was investigated using data of 213 breast-cancer patients who underwent surgical operation between 1975 and 1978. They were followed-up until 1987, and a total of 64 deaths including 47 breast-cancer deaths were certified. The 5-year and 10-year relative survival rates were 78.5% and 75.3% respectively. Of the various factors investigated, some anthropometric indicators revealed interesting results; i.e., body weight, Quetelet index, and body surface area at the time of operation turned out to be strong predictors of survival with a statistically significant trend towards lower survival with larger body structure even after adjustment for confounding factors (e.g., clinical stage) using a proportional-hazard model. The estimated survival probability for women with Quetelet index of 20 was about 12% higher than that with Quetelet index of 24 over a 10-year or more follow-up period. Other variables exhibiting prognostic importance were clinical stage, TNM classification, and some histological findings, while height and reproductive life indicators were, as a rule, not significantly related to survival.

Body Height↗
PubMed1990

[Immunomodulating effect of intratumoral (IT) injection of biological response modifiers (BRM) on tumor-bearing hosts].

Preoperative endoscopic intratumoral injection (IT) of biological response modifiers (BRM), such as OK432, a compound composed of attenuated Streptococcus pyogens, in gastric cancer patients has been tried and this method has been improving the prognosis compared to surgical resection only. We tried to clarify this mechanism using experimental mouse system and demonstrated here the preoperative IT of OK432 significantly prolonged the survival and induced the tumor-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) in the spleen. By contrast, tumor necrosis factor (TNF) IT failed to prolong the survival and to induce specific CTL response, although it reduced primary tumor size significantly. To analyze why OK432 IT induce the systemic CTL response, viable tumor cells and infiltrating dish-adherent cells from the OK432 injected tumor mass were harvested and examined the class I and class II antigen expression by flow cytometer. Class I and class II antigen expression of the tumor cells remained unchanged, however, the class II positive dish-adherent cells markedly increased by OK432 pretreatment. As same in these results, histological finding in gastric cancer specimen has shown prominent increase of Langerhans cells, possessing potent antigen-presenting function and positive class II antigen, by OK432 pretreatment. Taken together, these findings strongly suggest that the increased class II positive antigen-presenting cells (APC) activity by OK432 IT augment the CTL response via cascade reaction and finally, resulted in anti-tumor efficacy in vivo.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Dietary factors and risk of breast cancer: combined analysis of 12 case-control studies.

We conducted a combined analysis of the original data to evaluate the consistency of 12 case-control studies of diet and breast cancer. Our analysis shows a consistent, statistically significant, positive association between breast cancer risk and saturated fat intake in postmenopausal women (relative risk for highest vs. lowest quintile, 1.46; P less than .0001). A consistent protective effect for a number of markers of fruit and vegetable intake was demonstrated; vitamin C intake had the most consistent and statistically significant inverse association with breast cancer risk (relative risk for highest vs. lowest quintile, 0.69; P less than .0001). If these dietary associations represent causality, the attributable risk (i.e., the percentage of breast cancers that might be prevented by dietary modification) in the North American population is estimated to be 24% for postmenopausal women and 16% for premenopausal women.

Body Height↗
PubMed1990

Induction of nitroarenes in cigarette smoke condensate treated with nitrate.

Samples of cigarette smoke condensates (CSCs) treated with nitric acid or Chinese cabbage pickles having a high nitrate content strongly mutated Salmonella typhimurium strain TA98; the benzene/ethanol extract after these treatments induced 1800 and 820 revertants, respectively, per mg of extract for strain TA98 in the absence of S9 mix. The major mutagens in these materials were found to be 1-nitropyrene and 1,3-dinitropyrene on the basis of the result of gas chromatography/mass spectrometry and of fluorescence spectra of the samples. The quantity of 1-nitropyrene was 14.5 ng per cigarette for the CSCs treated with nitric acid, and for 11.2 ng for those treated with Chinese cabbage pickles. Similarly, 1,3-dinitropyrene was detected in the CSCs treated with nitric acid or Chinese cabbage pickles at concentrations of 0.38 and approximately 0.1 ng, respectively, per cigarette.

Biotransformation↗
PubMed1990

Aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase activity levels in the hepatic microsomal fraction from MC- or TCDD-treated mice: a comparison between aromatic hydrocarbon responsive and non-responsive strains.

The effects of in vivo administration of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons on the levels of aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase (AHH) activity in aromatic hydrocarbon (Ah) responsive and non-responsive strains of mice were studied using the hepatic microsomal fraction. Injection of 3-methylcholanthrene (MC; 42 mg/kg body wt.) or 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD; 120 micrograms/kg body wt.) into both strains produced marked enhancement of AHH activity except for MC treatment of Ah non-responsive strains. Addition of 7,8-benzoflavone (BNF) to the microsomal AHH assay mixture prepared from mice previously injected with vehicle (olive oil) alone caused an increase in activity when the mice were responsive, while BNF lowered the activity in non-responsive strains. With regard to MC-injected mice, BNF and 3-methyl-sulphonyl-4,5,3',4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl (3-MSF-TCB) decreased microsomal AHH activity in Ah-responsive mice, whereas these drugs enhanced the activity in Ah-non-responsive strains. 3-MSF-TCB also had inhibitory potency on AHH activity, but the mechanism of inhibition seems to be somewhat different from that of BNF. It may also suggest that cytochrome P-450 isozymes inhibited by BNF are different from those inhibited by 3-MSF-TCB.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Anthropometric indicators of breast cancer risk in Japanese women in Fukuoka.

This study was based on a case-control study of breast cancer risk in Fukuoka, which was initiated to identify risk factors for the disease. We re-analyzed the data of the study to evaluate the association of breast cancer with anthropometric variables in postmenopausal women. Data were obtained through interviewing 121 cases with histologically confirmed breast cancer and an equal number of age-matched hospital controls as well as neighborhood controls. The variables used for analysis were; height, weight at various ages, shoe size, and brassiere size and body size indices (body surface area and various body build indices) computed from the height and weight data. In a multiple covariance analysis, the results showed that cases were slightly lighter in weight and smaller for some of the indices, but the differences were not statistically significant. The odds ratios, estimated by multiple logistic regression analysis, suggested that the cases were slightly shorter in height and smaller in shoe size without any consistent dose-response gradients. The effect of changes in weight and body size indices with aging were also assessed, but no significant findings were observed. The results reported here do not support the hypothesis of the positive association between obesity or large body size and breast cancer.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

In vitro effects of methylsulfonyl polychlorinated biphenyls and 7,8-benzoflavone on aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase activity in human lymphoblastoid cells.

The effects of 11 isomers of methylsulfonyl polychlorinated biphenyls (MSF-PCBs) on the aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase (AHH) activity were examined at a fixed dose of 1.5 micrograms/ml by using cultured lymphoblastoid cells. One of the isomers 3-MSF-3',4,4',5-tetraCB, as well as 4-MSF-3,3',4',5-tetraCB and 4-MSF-3,3',4',5,5'-pentaCB, effectively reduced the AHH activity when added to the culture medium, especially that previously treated with 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) to induce the AHH activity. However, the inhibitory potencies exerted by the above three MSF-PCB compounds were smaller than that by 7,8-benzoflavone (BNF). When added to the culture medium simultaneously with TCDD or 3-methylcholanthrene (MC), 3-MSF-3',4,4',5-tetraCB blocked the enhancement of the AHH activity by TCDD but did not that by MC. This is in contrast to BNF which blocked the increases due to both TCDD and MC. On the other hand, 3-MSF-3',4,4',5-tetraCB added directly to the reaction mixture for the TCDD-induced AHH activity showed little influence, while BNF decreased the same activity. These results imply that the effect of 3-MSF-3',4,4',5-tetraCB on the AHH activity is different from that of BNF.

Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases↗
PubMed1990

Smoking habits among senior high school students and related factors.

The present study was conducted to provide baseline data for an anti-smoking educational program. Nineteen public senior high schools in a prefecture in Kyushu, Japan, participated in the study. In July 1982, unsigned self-administered questionnaires on smoking habits were answered by 4689 students--3088 males and 1601 females--during a homeroom under the supervision of their class teacher. The proportions of students who admitted that they had smoked cigarettes were 45.9% for males and 18.2% for females at the ordinary schools, and 78.1% for males at vocational schools. Eleven to twenty percent of male students had already smoked cigarettes in primary school. More male students in vocational schools had smoked than either male or female students in ordinary schools. Over 40% of vocational school students were regular smokers, in contrast to 11.8% for males and 3.4% for females at ordinary schools. It was also noted that the younger the students, the earlier the age at which they had smoked their first cigarette. The incidence of smoking at the primary school age appeared to be correlated with the incidence of smoking by a family member and at high school age with the incidence of smoking by a friend. Spending money and a friend who smoked were strongly associated with current smoking status of high school students, while parental smoking had a weak association. These results suggest the need for anti-smoking education beginning in a lower grade in primary school.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

[Case-control studies of hepatocellular carcinoma and liver cirrhosis in relation to life style and other risk factors].

Case-control studies were initiated to investigate possible risk factors (life style, etc.) for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and liver cirrhosis (LC). One hundred and fifty-four patients with HCC and 97 patients with LC who had no evidence of HCC were compared with frequency-matched 298 control subjects. Chronic hepatitis B virus infection and histories of blood transfusion and familial liver diseases were highly and significantly associated with both HCC and LC. Heavy drinkers in their younger years showed about 2 to 3 times risk increase for HCC or LC as compared with non-drinkers. Smoking was suspected as a risk factor, but a dose-response relationship was not clear, and further investigations are needed. To study the factors in the development of HCC from LC, 120 HCC patients with LC were compared with LC patients. No significant factors were observed. Ex-drinkers among LC patients experienced a slightly decreased risk for HCC in contrast to some belief that ex-drinkers with LC have higher risk for HCC.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

The role of cigarette smoking and drinking in the development of liver cancer: 28 years of observations on male cohort members in a farming and fishing area.

Cohort studies of 639 males in a farming area (Cohort I) and 677 males in a fishing area (Cohort II) in Kyushu, Japan, had been conducted to assess the involvement of smoking and drinking in the development of liver cancer. An observed-to-expected (O/E) ratio of liver cancer was 1.3 in Cohort I and 3.1 (p less than 0.01) in Cohort II. A significant excess in deaths was found in Cohort II. No significant risk elevation was observed for smokers and drinkers in Cohort I. Although the odds ratio (OR) of 3.6 (0.6 to 22.3) suggested an elevated risk among cigarette smokers in Cohort II, no clear linear trend of ORs was observed. In contrast, a significant elevation of OR (7.0) was noted among shochu drinkers in this cohort. The respective ORs were 5.0 (1.3 to 19.7), 8.6 (2.1 to 36.1), 14.1 (3.6 to 55.9) for shochu drinkers of less than 1, 1 to 2, and 2+ units (approximately 180 ml in volume), and a highly significant dose-response relationship was observed (chi 2 = 12.1; p less than 0.001). Multiple logistic regression analysis indicated an insignificant effect of smoking and a major contribution of drinking to the development of liver cancer. Shochu drinking (or probably high alcohol intake) seems to have a significant involvement in the etiology of liver cancer, at least in Cohort II.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

[Induction of lymphokine activated killer (LAK) and prolongation of its activity by intrasplenic injection of interleukin 2 (IL-2) in combination with tumor necrosis factor (TNF)].

We have so far investigated the method to induce LAK cells efficiently within the body by direct intrasplenic injection of Interleukin 2 (IL-2) in tumor bearing mice. In this study we used IL-2 in combination with rTNF in an attempt to induce effectively much stronger LAK cells and found that the combined use resulted in not only enhancement but also significant prolongation of LAK activity. Furthermore, the combined use also yielded in vivo effect, that is prolongation of the mouse survival. This study suggests that the combined use of IL-2 and TNF may promise more effective induction of LAK cells in the organism with much smaller doses of IL-2. The combined use may be helpful to improve the treatment regimen by intra arterial injection of IL-2 that we have so far conducted, possibly leading to a higher response rate in clinical setting.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

[A review of gastric cancer and life style].

Descriptive epidemiology of gastric cancer reveals remarkable decline in incidence and mortality rates in recent years in many countries of the world and suggests important roles of dietary factors in its etiology. Cigarette smoking appears one of the risk factors. Case-control and cohort studies, on the whole, show risk increase associated with intake of high salt foods (salted fish and pickles) and risk decrease associated with the consumption of fresh fruits and vegetables. These associations are, in part, supported by experimental studies. Further evidence should be sought by improving the methods in assessing dietary intake.

Alcohol Drinking↗