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Biomedical subjects

T Hino

Publications and source records attributed to T Hino.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Long-term effects of mass screening for neuroblastoma in infancy.

Eighty-four neuroblastoma patients were treated at the Department of Pediatrics, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, during the 27 years from 1962 to 1988. They were divided into three groups: 35 cases in phase 1, the 12 years before mass screening from 1962 to 1974; 22 in phase 2, the 8 years after the onset of mass screening by a qualitative vanillylmandelic acid (VMA) test from 1974 to 1982; and 27 in phase 3, the recent 6 years from 1983 to 1988, after the introduction of mass screening by quantitative assay for VMA and homovanillic acid using high performance liquid chromatography. The clinical findings of these patients were compared for each phase. In Kyoto, the number of annual neuroblastoma cases diagnosed under 1 year of age increased from 0.58 in phase 1 to 1.50 in phase 2 and 3.17 in phase 3. The number of cases over 2 years of age decreased from 2.00 in phase 1 to 0.88 in phase 2 and 1.00 in phase 3. Survival rates increased from 17.1% (six of 35) in phase 1 to 54.5% (12 of 22) in phase 2 and 85.2% (23 of 27) in phase 3. The annual number of neuroblastoma deaths decreased from 2.42 in phase 1 to 1.25 in phase 2 and 0.67 in phase 3. Mass screening for neuroblastoma in infancy has increased the long-term survival rates of neuroblastoma cases treated at this hospital.

Adrenal Gland Neoplasms↗
PubMed1991

[A study on hepatic dysfunction associated with rubella infection].

We had 11 patients with rubella infection accompanied by hepatic dysfunction from 1979 through 1989. The elevations of sGOT were moderate, but sLDH levels were high. Extra hepatic manifestations were suspected by analysis of LDH isozymes. In 9 out of 11 patients, the sGPT levels returned to normal within 8 weeks. But prolonged courses of abnormal transaminase levels were observed in 2 patients. One was accompanied by underlying chronic hepatitis type non-A, non-B, and the other was supposed to have a prolonged rubella infection. Liver biopsy specimen taken from one patient in the acute phase demonstrated a non-specific reactive hepatitis. These observations suggest that rubella infection should be taken into consideration in making the diagnosis of sporadic hepatitis type non-A, non-B.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Redispersible dry emulsion system as novel oral dosage form of oily drugs: in vivo studies in beagle dogs.

The absorption characteristics of vitamin E acetate (VEA) formulated into a dry emulsion system after its oral administration to beagle dogs were determined and compared to those of two different dosage forms (an oily mixture of the drug with cottonseed oil and an oil (drug)-in-water emulsion). The three dosage forms were administered in a crossover fashion to six nonfasting subjects, and the drug absorption was assessed from the plasma concentration of the major metabolite (free vitamin E). VEA formulated in the dry emulsion was rapidly absorbed, which suggested that a considerable amount was released as reformed emulsion droplets in the gastrointestinal tract as well as in water in vitro. Based on the analysis of variance, no significant differences in bioavailability parameters (AUC, Cmax or Tmax) were observed among the three dosage forms.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1990

Purification of staphylococcal exfoliative toxin by high pressure liquid chromatography.

Exfoliative toxin (ET) isolated from a clinical strain of Staphylococcus aureus was purified to homogeneity, using a 3-step HPLC system. NH2-terminal 20 amino residues of purified ET was found to be identical with ETA of S. aureus TA (7), S. aureus TC16 (9) and S. aureus ZM (10), but stability of purified ET was completely different from that of ETA. This purification system gave a high yield of pure ET, which exhibited higher purity than specimens purified by more complicated and time-consuming procedures. It is useful for small-scale purification for the comparative study of ET and easy to scale up for preparative purification.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1990

Particle design of tolbutamide by the spherical crystallization technique. III. Micromeritic properties and dissolution rate of tolbutamide spherical agglomerates prepared by the quasi-emulsion solvent diffusion method and the solvent change method.

With the objective of modifying the micromeritic properties of tolbutamide (i.e., to manufacture a highly functional powder form), particle design was attempted using a quasi-emulsion solvent diffusion (QESD) method, and the micromeritic properties and dissolution rate of the obtained spherical agglomerates were evaluated by comparison with agglomerates prepared by the solvent change (SC) method. For the production of tolbutamide agglomerates by the QESD method, a necessary condition was the addition of a sucrose fatty acid ester to the system as an emulsifying agent. The particle diameter of the agglomerates obtained by the QESD method depended on the size of the initially formed quasi-emulsion droplets, which in turn depended on the viscosity of the solution. In addition, the agglomerates were nearly perfectly spherical in shape. In the QESD method, the quasi-emulsion droplets crystallized instantaneously from the droplet surface inward. The resultant agglomerates were dense, had great mechanical strength and showed excellent flowability due to their perfect spherical shape. On the other hand, the agglomerates produced by the SC method were conglomerates of primary crystals, and fine, needle-like crystals formed on their surface. As a result, these agglomerates had a large specific surface area, and they therefore showed greater solubility than the agglomerates prepared by the QESD method.

Chemistry, Pharmaceutical↗
PubMed1990

[Evaluation of mica crystal glass ceramic crown marginal fitness].

The purpose of this study is to investigate the influence of three marginal shape of abutment teeth (Flat, Moderate and Steep) on the fitness of castable glass ceramics (DICOR) crown clinically. The following results were obtained: 1. The change of width of three marginal shapes showed the same tendency on each firing procedure. 2. The vertical change of three marginal shapes showed the most constant on Flat and decreased on Steep. 3. On the marginal edge, the Labiopalatal gaps were larger than Mesiodistal gaps. 4. On Labiopalatal section, the gaps of Steep were larger than those of Flat and Moderate especially as cast. 5. The gaps Flat were almost same on Labial, Palatal, Mesial and Distal parts.

Aluminum Silicates↗
PubMed1990

[A mechanical study on new ceramic crowns and bridges for clinical use].

By the recent development of new ceramics, i.e. castable glass ceramics and high strength porcelain, the clinical use of all-ceramic bridges as well as all-ceramic crowns have been expected. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the mechanical properties of new ceramics and to analyze the stress distributions in new ceramic crowns and bridges. The Young's modulus, flexural strength and diametral tensile strength of four types of new ceramics (DICOR, BIORAM-C, OPTEC, and HI-CERAM) were measured, and the fracture loads of new ceramic anterior crowns and bridges on the metal abutments were evaluated. Three dimensional finite element analyses of new ceramic anterior crowns and bridges were also carried out to investigate the effects of various mechanical factors; locations of loading point, types of ceramics, thickness of crowns, luting materials, core materials, and designs of fixed joints. In each experiment, the loading forces were applied at 45 degree to the tooth axis. The results were summarized as follow; 1) DICOR showed the highest flexural strength. HI-CERAM hard core porcelain showed the highest Young's modulus and tensile strength. 2) HI-CERAM crowns showed the highest fracture load among the new ceramic crowns. DICOR bridges were significantly stronger than BIORAM-C bridges. The stress analyses of the experimental cases indicated that the fractures of crowns and bridges occurred by the concentration of tensile stresses. 3) By the load at the incisal edge, the highest tensile stresses were caused in the crown. In the crown with 0.5 mm thickness at axial wall, high tensile stresses were observed at more wide regions of palatal side than in the crown with 0.75 mm or 1 mm thickness. However, in the case with an enamel layer remained on the surface of the abutment tooth, the stresses were reduced in spite of the crown thickness. When the abutment tooth was restored with a metal post and core, the stresses of the crown decreased in comparison with the natural abutment tooth. 4) In case of bridges, high tensile stresses concentrated at the fixed joints under any loading point. The stresses tended to rise slightly according to the increase of the Young's modulus of bridges. The aluminous core material which had high Young's modulus was effective for the reduction of the stresses at the surface of the bridge. Those tensile stresses were reduced remarkably by increasing the thickness of the fixed joints toward the labial and vertical side.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Aluminum Oxide↗
PubMed1990

Epithelial regeneration in collagen-coated and uncoated patch grafts implanted into dog tracheas.

The paper compares ultrastructural regeneration of the tracheal epithelium on patch grafts coated or not coated with collagen. A longitudinal patch window 2 x 1 cm (four cartilaginous rings in cephalocaudal extent) was made on the ventral wall of the cervical trachea in dogs, and replaced by a polypropylene Malex mesh graft. Grafts coated with collagen allowed normal connective tissue ingrowth and subsequent epithelial spreading. From the cut edge, flat, stratified, poorly differentiated cells migrated and spread on the newly formed stroma. Six weeks after the operation, the prosthesis was thoroughly covered by pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium with a newly formed basal lamina. On uncoated grafts, in contrast, some regenerated ciliated cells formed compound cilia or irregular microvilli and dilated endoplasmic reticulum. At 6 weeks, no normal basal cells differentiated, although some bizarre flat cells with extremely extended cytoplasm were located in the basal area of the epithelium. The basal lamina was thick and discontinuous. The underlying stroma included abnormally elongated fibroblasts with condensed cytoplasm and curved, randomly dispersed collagen fibrils. These ultrastructural results indicate that (1) regenerated epithelial cells were derived from poorly differentiated cells; (2) a plastic implant may lead to abnormal regeneration in the connective tissues and epithelium; and (3) collagen coating of the graft may allow fibroblasts to produce normal connective tissue substances.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Diverse responses to retinoid in morphological differentiation, tumorigenesis and N-myc expression in human neuroblastoma sublines.

We established the subline RT-BMV-C6 from the parent human neuroblastoma cell line RT-BM by a process that required repeated subculture of cells, which were prone to disaggregation. RT-BMV-C6 and the parent cloned line, RT-BM-1, had an identical marker chromosome, confirming that both lines were derived from a common progenitor. In the analysis of surface antigen expression, RT-BMV-C6 did not react with UJ-127-11, Leu7 or KP-NAC2 MAbs to which RT-BM-1 showed positive binding. The levels of both N-myc amplification and expression in RT-BMV-C6 were twice as high as the level obtained in RT-BM-1. Colony-forming efficiency in soft agar was 2.0 +/- 0.8% for RT-BMV-C6 and 3 times greater than that for RT-BM-1 (0.6 +/- 0.1%). When 100 x 10(6) cells of RT-BM-1 and RT-BMV-C6 were inoculated into nude mice, tumor incidence was significantly higher for RT-BMV-C6 (6/6; 100%) than for RT-BM-1 (0/6; 0%). Our data show that N-myc is closely related to tumorigenicity in NB. When RT-BM-1 and RT-BMV-C6 were co-cultured with a new synthetic retinoid, polyprenoic acid (E5166), and dibutyryl cyclic AMP, RT-BM-1 was induced to neuronal differentiation, defined by the formation of neuronal processes and expression of neurofilaments, whereas RT-BMV-C6 was not. However, when exposed to E5166, N-myc expression of RT-BMV-C6 was more strongly reduced than that of RT-BM-1, and colony formation of RT-BMV-C6 was significantly inhibited as compared to RT-BM-1. These findings suggest that the reduction of N-myc expression might closely correlate with growth inhibition accompanying neuronal differentiation of neuroblastoma cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Differential susceptibility of HLA class II antigens induced by gamma-interferon in human neuroblastoma cell lines.

Five neuroblastoma cell lines have been examined for the induction of HLA class II antigens by a recombinant gamma-interferon. The expression of HLA-DR and -DP was induced on up to 80% of cells in two of five neuroblastoma cell lines examined (KP-N-SI and KP-N-RT). Low expression of HLA-DR and -DP was induced on the SK-N-DZ line in the presence of recombinant gamma-interferon for 10 days. In contrast HLA-DQ was not induced on any of five neuroblastoma cell lines studied. HLA-DR and -DP antigen induction was reversible, falling to nondetectable levels when interferon was removed from the culture medium. The reinduction of interferon to the culture medium again induced HLA-DR and -DP antigen expression in a fashion similar to that originally observed. These results were confirmed by Northern blot analysis using a probe to HLA-DR alpha mRNA. Recombinant interferon appears to induce HLA class II expression at the level of gene transcription or posttranscription. The results also indicate that HLA-DR, -DP, and -DQ antigens are independently regulated. Treatment of neuroblastoma cell lines with gamma-interferon results in the induction of a differentiated phenotype. Although the cytokine gamma-interferon induces neurofilament expression in some of the cell lines, this was not the case for all lines studied. Thus no correlation could be established between the morphological differentiation and either HLA class II or neurofilament expression. In addition, no correlation between response to recombinant interferon and N-myc amplification was noted. The biological significance of HLA class II expression on neuroblastoma cell lines by gamma-interferon may be related to the differentiation stage of neuroblastoma cells or may enable gamma-interferon-treated neuroblastoma cells to be recognized by cytotoxic T-cells.

Dose-Response Relationship, Drug↗
PubMed1989

Insolubilization of apatite-collagen composites by UV irradiation.

The physico-chemical properties and biocompatibility of insolubilized apatite-collagen composites were examined. A carbonate-containing hydroxyapatite with chemical composition and crystallinity similar to that of bone was synthesized at pH 7.4 and 60 degrees C. The apatite powder was mixed with collagen solution, whose antigenicity had been removed by enzymatic treatment and formed into apatite-collagen pellets. After insolubilization by UV irradiation for 4 h, the composites showed remarkably reduced disintegration and showed good biocompatibility when implanted into rat abdomen.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Attenuation of ischaemia-induced regional myocardial acidosis by bevantolol, a beta 1-adrenoceptor antagonist, in dogs.

In dogs anaesthetized with pentobarbital, the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) was occluded for 90 min. so that about 1/2 of the original flow was allowed to flow (partial occlusion). Bevantolol (a beta 1-adrenoceptor antagonist) or propranolol (a reference drug) was injected intravenously 30 min. after partial occlusion. Regional myocardial pH was measured by a micro glass pH electrode inserted in the LAD area. Partial occlusion decreased myocardial pH by 0.62 to 0.74. Bevantolol (1.0 mg/kg) or propranolol (1.0 mg/kg) significantly increased myocardial pH, that had been decreased by partial occlusion, within 60 min. after the injection. Restoration of myocardial [H+] (defined as return towards a lower [H+] to the preocclusion level) (calculated from the pH data) induced by bevantolol and that induced by propranolol were 64.0 and 66.4% (measured 60 min. after the injection), respectively. Bevantolol or propranolol decreased heart rate also. Even in the paced heart, bevantolol restored the myocardial [H+] that had been increased by partial occlusion. These results suggest that bevantolol has a favorable effect on the ischaemic myocardium as has propranolol, and that the pH effect of bevantolol is not primarily due to a decrease in heart rate.

Acidosis↗
PubMed1989

Application of a local drug delivery system to periodontal therapy: I. Development of collagen preparations with immobilized tetracycline.

For the purpose of applying a local drug delivery system to periodontal therapy, atelocollagen preparations with immobilized tetracycline (TC) were prepared by modifying the form of the collagen, the concentration of the immobilized TC, and the time of the cross-link process with glutaraldehyde. The course of the TC release from the collagen preparations into an aqueous solution was determined in relation to time. The preparations were also inserted into periodontal pockets, and the amount of TC remaining in the pocket was determined daily. The results obtained were as follows: 1) The degree of drug release could be controlled to some extent by adjusting the TC concentration and the time of the cross-link process; and 2) an amount of TC exceeding the effective dose in the gingival crevicular fluid was present in the periodontal pocket even 10 days after the insertion of TC fixed in the cross-linked processed collagen film in the periodontal pockets.

Bacteria↗
PubMed1989

Nipradilol, a beta-adrenoceptor antagonist having a vasodilatory action, attenuates myocardial acidosis induced by coronary artery occlusion in dogs.

In dogs anesthetized with pentobarbital, the anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) was partially occluded to reduce LAD flow to about half of the original flow (partial occlusion). Myocardial pH (MpH) was measured by the use of a micro glass pH electrode. MpH decreased from 7.5-7.63 to 6.82-6.86 30 min after partial occlusion of the LAD. Nipradilol (0.3 mg/kg) was injected intravenously 30 min after partial occlusion, which continued for a further 60 min after nipradilol injection. Nipradilol decreased blood pressure and heart rate, and significantly increased myocardial pH which had been decreased by partial occlusion, within 60 min after injection. Nipradilol-induced restoration of the myocardial [H+] (calculated from the pH data), that had been increased by partial occlusion, was 48.5%. Bradycardia induced by nipradilol was not a determinant factor in the pH effect of nipradilol, because even in the paced heart, nipradilol restored the myocardial [H+] that had been increased by partial occlusion. These results indicate that nipradilol attenuates ischemia-induced myocardial acidosis, suggesting the favorable effect of nipradilol on ischemic myocardium. The favorable effect of nipradilol may be due to the beta-adrenoceptor antagonistic effect rather than the vasodilating effect.

Acidosis↗
PubMed1989

[Disintegration of visible light-cured composite resins caused by long-term water immersion].

The purpose of this study is to clarify a cause of disintegration of composite resins by long-term immersion in distilled water. Three kinds of visible light-cured composite resins (Heliosit, Plurafil Super and Visio Dispers) and one conventional composite resin (Clearfil F II) were prepared as the specimens with a 20 mm diameter and 1 mm thickness. These specimens were immersed in distilled water at 37 +/- 1 degree C for 3 years. These specimens were analysed and observed by a comprehensive multi analyzer and scanning electron microscope. The other hand residues in distilled water were analysed by infrared (IR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrometers. The surface layer of all four composite resins showed signs of disintegration. The composite resins with abundant dissolved substances had disintegrated markedly, and such disintegration occurred deep inside the specimens. In IR and 1H-NMR spectra of dissolved substances, two visible light-cured composite resins (Heliosit and Plurafil Super) could be detected unreacted monomers, but one visible light-cured composite resin (Visio Dispers) and one conventional composite resin (Clearfil F II) could not be detected them. In 1H-NMR spectra of dissolved substances of all four composite resins, new signals not composed originally were observed. The progress of disintegration were demonstrated clearly. The dissolved substances were shown as the disintegrated substance between resin matrixs and silane coupling agents. It is suggested that the disintegration of composite resins by long-term water immersion is derived from hydrolysis.

Composite Resins↗
PubMed1989

[Development of ultrasound laryngography and its phonetic significance].

A new laryngeal imaging system, namely, ultrasound laryngography, has been developed. Vocal fold vibration in M-mode image can be obtained by adjusting the cursor line to the desired level of the vocal fold in B-mode image. In addition, waveforms obtained by M-mode, variant M-mode, pulse transmission and other method can be recorded simultaneously. (1) Simultaneous recording of M-mode, variant M-mode and pulse transmission method during phonation. Seven male adults of unknown vocal pathology were asked to phonate the vowel /e/ and vocal fold vibration was recorded by ultrasound laryngography. Two types of M-mode image of the free margin were obtained. In one type, M-mode image recorded at the upper part of the vocal fold was found to be bright in the closed and opening phase and was displayed as ascending lines from the closed to opening phase. In the other type, M-mode image recorded at the lower part was bright in the closing and closed phase and was displayed as convex curves. Open quotients were measured by pulse transmission method at the upper, middle and lower part of the vocal fold, respectively. The mean value at the middle part was the smallest among the three parts. In waveforms obtained by variant M-mode method of the upper and lower part of the vocal fold, a negative peak was found in the closing and opening phase, respectively. (2) Observation of vocal attack. Vibration mode of three types of vocal attack was investigated by ultrasound laryngography with simultaneous recording of air flow rate using a constant-temperature, hot wire anemometer. i) Hard attack: by M-mode and pulse transmission method, the glottis remained closed until vocal fold vibration is initiated. Air leakage was not observed before the beginning of vocal fold vibration. ii) Soft attack: the glottis was slightly open and air flow rate was gradually increasing before vocal fold vibration is initiated. iii) Breathy attack: the glottis was widely open and a considerable air leakage was observed prior to the initiation of vocal fold vibration. iv) Among all vocal attacks investigated, changes in the variant M-mode waves were observed before the beginning of phonation, suggesting that minute movements of the surface are initiated before the onset of vocal fold vibration.

Adult↗