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Biomedical subjects

T Hindmarsh

Publications and source records attributed to T Hindmarsh.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Cerebroventricular size and cerebrospinal fluid monoamine metabolites in schizophrenic patients and healthy volunteers.

Computed tomography (CT) measures and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of the monoamine metabolites homovanillic acid (HVA), 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol (MHPG), and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) were determined in 43 healthy volunteers and in 26 patients with an acute psychosis of the schizophrenic type. There were no differences in the mean CSF levels of monoamine metabolites between the two groups. However, the patients had significantly wider lateral and third ventricles as compared to the volunteers. In the volunteers there were no significant correlations between ventricular sizes and monoamine metabolite levels, whereas in the patients a significant negative correlation was obtained between the size of the lateral ventricles and the levels of HVA and 5-HIAA in the CSF. These results may indicate that the enlargements of the brain ventricles found in a subgroup of schizophrenic patients may be associated with deficiencies in central monoamine transmission mechanisms.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Documentation of a new contrast medium for the subarachnoid space. Demands, design and results from the first multicentre trial with iohexol.

The first clinical trial with the non-ionic contrast medium iohexol (Omnipaque) in lumbar myelography was performed as a multicentre investigation of a total of 88 included patients. The design of the comprehensive clinical trial program is presented and the necessity of using such an extensive clinical trial program in the early stage of the investigation is discussed. This comprehensive monitoring did not reveal any serious or persistent side effects. The documentation on the safety of the drug encourages further clinical trials.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Experience with iohexol in lumbar myelography.

An open phase II clinical trial of iohexol for lumbar myelography in 17 patients is reported. The overall frequency of adverse reactions was exceedingly low. Special attention was paid to psychic reactions and no such were recorded. The CSF analyses and EEG recordings before and after myelography did not differ significantly. The CSF protein content could not be evaluated as the contrast medium interfered with the reagents.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Stereotactic radiosurgery in cases of acoustic neurinoma: further experiences.

Fourteen patients with acoustic neurinomas varying in size from 7 to 30 mm were treated by stereotactic radiosurgery and then were followed for 4 years. The tumors of eight patients decreased 1 to 10 mm in diameter, no change was found in two, and the tumor increased slightly in three patients. Loss of the ability to enhance with contrast administration on computed tomographic scan was a common effect of the treatment. One patient in poor general condition died from intercurrent disease 6 months after radiosurgery. At postmortem examination, a large central necrosis was found. Among five patients with hearing before treatment, full preservation was demonstrated in one; in the other four, the mean impairment of speech discrimination score was 43%. One patient with total unilateral deafness regained hearing and achieved a discrimination score of 60% at 1 year after treatment. There was transient facial weakness in five patients, which was detectable only by electromyography in one. Facial hypesthesia appeared in two patients and was transitory in one of them. Thirteen of the patients are in good or excellent general condition. Stereotactic radiosurgery offers the only therapeutic alternative to open operation in the management of acoustic neurinomas. It is worth considering for every patient, but especially for poor risk patients and those with bilateral tumors.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Computed tomography of the brain in patients with acute psychosis and in healthy volunteers.

Evidence has been obtained by computed tomography (CT) that some chronic schizophrenic patients have enlarged cerebral ventricles and other brain abnormalities when compared to other patient groups and to healthy controls (Johnstone et al. (1976), Weinberger et al. (1979)). In order to investigate whether structural brain abnormalities can be demonstrated also in younger patients with acute psychosis we have undertaken a CT study in 46 patients and 46 healthy volunteers. Twenty-eight of the patients fulfilled the Research Diagnostic Criteria for schizophrenia. Nineteen had not been hospitalized for psychiatric reasons before. The lateral and third ventricles were significantly wider in the patients than in the volunteers. In the volunteers there was a significant positive correlation between age and size of the lateral ventricles, whereas in the patients, particularly those fulfilling the criteria for schizophrenia, no such correlation was obtained. These results indicate that schizophrenia may be associated with patho-physiological processes which interfere with the normal age-related enlargement of the ventricles. Signs of cortical atrophy, CSF circulation disturbances and reversed asymmetry of the occipital lobes were more frequent in the patient group then among the controls. These results are in accordance with previously published findings and indicate that structural brain abnormalities can be found in relatively young patients with acute psychosis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Computed-tomography of the brain and neuropsychological assessement of alcoholic patients.

The purpose of the project is to assess the state of the brain of alcoholic patients by means of computerized tomography and by neuropsychological performance and to correlate the findings with the clinical course of alcohol dependence. The investigated group is a consecutive series of 106 patients admitted for treatment of alcoholism and participating in a prospective program of mapping medical, social and psychological characteristics. Cortical changes were diagnosed in 59.6 % of the investigated patients, enlarged lateral ventricles in 33.3 % and an enlarged 3rd ventricle in 48.3 %. With regard to neuropsychological functioning 54.2 % of the sample scored in the mildly to severely impaired region of the Halstead Impairment Index and 63.5 % were considered to show signs of an intellectual impairment in the psychologist's overall assessment of test results. Cortical changes and ventricular enlargement seemed to follow different courses in the investigated group since they were uncorrelated in the sub-group of older patients with long duration of heavy drinking. The correlations between neuropsychological functioning and morphological changes were generally low. However, the results suggest that learning and memory deficits indicate subcortical changes in the brains of alcoholic patients while a high score on the Halstead Impairment Index indicated cortical changes.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Exposure to organic solvents. A cross-sectional epidemiologic investigation on occupationally exposed care and industrial spray painters with special reference to the nervous system.

In the present epidemiologic study 80 car or industrial spray painters with long-term low level exposure to organic solvents were examined and compared with two matched reference groups of nonexposed industrial workers (80 persons in each group). The aim of the study was to investigate the possible effects of the solvent exposure on health. The investigation included psychiatric interviews, psychometric tests, neurological, neurophysiological and ophthalmologic examinations, and computed tomography of the brain. The painters' previous and present exposure was carefully assessed by interviews and on-the-job measurements both at modern places of work and in a reconstructed model of a workshop from 1955. On the basis of the psychiatric interviews the psychiatric symptoms were rated according to a specially designed scale of 46 different items, graded in seven steps of increasing severity. The psychological performance was assessed by a battery of 18 tests. The neurological and neurophysiological examinations comprised visual evoked responses (VER), electroencephalography (EEG), and computerized EEG analysis (SPA) for the central nervous system and electroneurography (ENeG), the estimation of vibration sense thresholds, and a quantified neurological examination for the peripheral nervous system. The ophthamologic examination concentrated on the condition of the lens. Statistically significant differences between the exposed individuals and referents were found for psychiatric items indicative of a slight cerebral lesion (ie, a neurasthenic syndrome). The psychometric tests revealed statistically significant differences between the groups with respect to reaction time, manual dexterity, perceptual speed, and short-term memory. No differences were found with respect to performance on verbal, spatial, and reasoning tests. Significant differences between the groups were also found for the majority of the neurophysiological parameters measuring peripheral nerve functions, the most pronounced occurring in the long, sensory fibers. Moreover EEG and VER showed some differences between the groups, as did the results of the ophthalmologic examination and the computed tomography. Finally, it should be emphasized that the exposure levels, as measured at modern places of work and in the reconstructed workshop from 1955, were found to be considerably lower than the valid threshold limit values in Sweden.

Brain↗
PubMed1979

Left ventricular pump function in effort angina.

The successive deterioration of left ventricular pump function during exercise-induced angina pectoris was studied in 20 candidates for aortocoronary bypass surgery. Left ventricular stroke work and power were calculated from continuous left ventricular pressure recordings and repeated measurements of cardiac output every 30 sec using the thermodilution technique. The average left ventricular enddiastolic pressure (LVEDP) increased continuously during exercise whereas stroke work index (SWI) did so only in the beginning of the exercise period up to a maximum value and then fell towards the end of exercise. The onset of angina occurred at an average LVEDP of 34 mm Hg when SWI had already started to fall in most patients. During exercise all patients had markedly lower SWI than normals. Patients with high coronary arteriographic score and patients with a previous myocardial infarction had significantly lower SWI during exercise than those with low score or those without a previous infarct. At rest there were no differences between these groups which emphasises the importance of haemodynamic measurements under stress conditions in patients with ischaemic heart disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Attenuation values of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).

The attenuation value of CSF, obtained by lumbar puncture, was determined with computed tomography in 25 patients. Measurement of the protein content in the same samples showed no correlation with the attenuation value. It is concluded that in the normal range of protein concentrations, the effect on the attenuation is insignificant and that the attenuation value of the CSF might be used to check large deviations in the CT numbers due to artifacts.

Brain↗
PubMed1978

Attenuation changes of the ventricular CSF after intravenous injection of contrast material.

The CT attenuation change of the intraventricular CSF after i. v. administration of contrast material has been studied in 20 patients. A very small increase of attenuation was observed in the entire material. The method does not seem to be appropriate at present for the study of small attenuation changes in the CSF reflecting the passage of contrast material.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Lumbo-omental shunt for drainage of cerebrospinal fluid in hydrocephalus.

A new cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) shunting procedure is presented. By transposing a pedicle graft of the greater omentum to the lumbar CSF compartment, the CSF absorption capacity of the omentum is utilized. The operation is applicable to the treatment of communicating hydrocephalus. The technical problems and physiological effects of the operation have been studied earlier in dogs. This paper presents the first case of an intended clinical series. The patient was studied for 18 months postoperatively by different examinations, including psychometric tests, cisternography, computer tomography, echo-ventriculography, and carotid angiography with measurement of the cerebral blood flow. A gradual improvement in his clinical state was registered after the operation.

Cerebrospinal Fluid Shunts↗
PubMed1977

Metrizamide in selective cervical myelography.

The various techniques of cervical myelography are discussed and a technique is described to examine the cervical region after lumbar injection of the contrast medium. This technique is considered less hazardous than other techniques including application of the contrast medium by direct puncture in the cervical region and is advocated for use in patients who have free circulation of CSF and who do not have marked deformity or marked rigidity of the spine.

Humans↗
PubMed1977

Myelography with metrizamide in infants and children.

Technical aspects on myelography in pediatric patients with the water-soluble contrast medium metrizamide (Amipaque) are reviewed. Special interest is paid to site of puncture, positioning of the patients and concentration and dosage of the medium.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Computer cisternography for evaluation of CSF flow dynamics. Further experiences.

Technical aspects of computer cisternography are discussed and the clinical results obtained are reported. The physiologic and morphologic information gained with computer cisternography is superior to that obtained with isotope cisternography. Some recent observations concerning the penetration of the medium into the central nervous system are also discussed.

Cerebrospinal Fluid↗