Support group satisfaction: a comparison of minority and white families.
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Caregivers↗
Biomedical subjects
T Heller
Publications and source records attributed to T Heller.
Benefits of support groups for families of adults with severe mental illness.
Predictors of benefits derived from participating in support groups for families of persons with mental illness were examined. A survey of 131 families indicated that social support resources outside the group, as well as support received from and provided by the group, were associated with information acquired by the participant. Improved relationships with family and the ill relative were predicted by the participant's health and provision of support in the group.
Adolescent↗
Adults with mental retardation as supports to their parents: effects on parental caregiving appraisal.
This study was conducted to determine whether support provided to caregivers by their adult children with mental retardation would influence caregiving appraisals. We also examined how severity of disability of the adult child, personal and social resources of the caregiver, and amount of caregiver assistance to the adult with mental retardation influenced caregiving appraisals. Using surveys and interviews we collected information from 80 primary caregivers on caregiving burden and satisfaction and six predictors of burden and satisfaction. Findings indicate that greater support from the adult child to the caregiver resulted in greater satisfaction and less burden. Adaptive and maladaptive behaviors and caregiving assistance all predicted caregiving satisfaction but only maladaptive behaviors predicted caregiving burden.
Adult↗
Support, problem-solving/coping ability, and personal burden of younger and older caregivers of adults with mental retardation.
Relations between service and support utilization, problem-solving/coping strategies, level of personal burden experienced by younger and older caregivers were examined. Overall, there were no differences in the number of support services received. However, younger caregivers reported significantly more unmet service needs and rated significantly more of them as a critical or an emergency need. Both groups had highly developed effective problem-solving skills. However, older caregivers were more likely to seek spiritual support and the younger caregivers more apt to mobilize their families to acquire and accept help. Older caregivers experienced significantly less personal burden. Results suggest that younger caregivers are more predisposed toward seeking outside help and have higher expectations of the service system.
Adaptation, Psychological↗
False-positive serologic test resulting from a probable yeast infection in a chimpanzee.
Sera used to identify putative hepatitis E viral proteins expressed in Pischia pastoris produced a false-positive reaction because of antibodies to a yeast protein. This report illustrates a potential problem when serological reagents are used in combination with recombinant proteins expressed in yeast.
Animals↗
Guidelines from the consumer: improving consumer involvement in research and training for persons with mental retardation.
Consumer involvement of individuals with mental retardation in research and training was assessed. Twenty-two subjects with experience in research and/or training were interviewed to determine how professionals can encourage meaningful participation of persons with mental retardation in research and training activities. Results suggest that persons with mental retardation have participated in various roles in research and training but that there are many barriers to meaningful consumer involvement that have not been adequately addressed. Guidelines for professionals to foster meaningful consumer involvement in research and training activities were provided.
Adult↗
Practice guidelines for the clinical assessment and care management of Alzheimer's disease and other dementias among adults with intellectual disability. AAMR-IASSID Workgroup on Practice Guidelines for Care Management of Alzheimer's Disease among Adults with Intellectual Disability.
The AAMR/IASSID practice guidelines, developed by an international workgroup, provide guidance for stage-related care management of Alzheimer's disease, and suggestions for the training and education of carers, peers, clinicians and programme staff. The guidelines suggest a three-step intervention activity process, that includes: (1) recognizing changes; (2) conducting assessments and evaluations; and (3) instituting medical and care management. They also provide guidance for public policies that reflect a commitment for aggressive care of people with Alzheimers's disease and intellectual disability, and avoidance of institutionalization solely because of a diagnosis of dementia.
Activities of Daily Living↗
[Restriction enzyme mismatch polymerase chain reaction in the demonstration of Ki-ras-oncogene mutation in carcinoma of the pancreas].
A pilot study was undertaken to test whether combining the polymerase chain reaction with restriction fragment length polymorphism is suitable for the routine diagnosis of carcinoma of the pancreas. The method makes it possible to recognize point mutations in codon 12 of the Ki-ras oncogene. 60 cytological specimens from the pancreatobiliary tract, the bronchopulmonary system (by bronchoalveolar lavage or from pleural effusion) and ascites were tested. Results from nine pancreas carcinoma cell lines served as control. A PCR product was successfully amplified in all cell lines and 47 of the clinical specimens. In all eight samples in which a mutated Ki-ras oncogene was demonstrated, there was at least a suspicion of malignancy by cytological examination. A mutation was also found in four of five pancreas carcinomas. But no mutation was found in one, clinically certain, case of pancreas carcinoma. The described method is an elegant and, most of all, rapid means to complement and optimize any cytological diagnosis.
Ascitic Fluid↗
Endoscopic polypectomy and management of colorectal adenomas with invasive carcinoma.
BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS: Invasive carcinoma is found at histology in 2-5% of colorectal polyps removed under flexible endoscopy. The aim of this study was to confirm that histologically complete endoscopic polypectomy under favorable low-risk conditions is sufficient therapy for pT1 carcinoma, while tumors at or close to the margin of the polypectomy, and histological high-risk criteria, require surgical resection with lymphadenectomy. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Eighty-six patients with 87 pT1 carcinomas underwent polypectomy within a twelve-and-a-half-year period. Further treatment prospectively followed the above guidelines. The follow-up was documented. RESULTS: A local tumor residue was found in 5 of 34 patients who had undergone surgical resection for doubtful or incomplete polypectomy. Two patients were found to have nodal disease in the surgical specimen, only one of them harboring a high-risk carcinoma. Two further patients with high-risk carcinomas had tumor progression, despite postpolypectomy resections without local tumor residue or lymph-node infiltration, and died. One patient had a local tumor recurrence on follow-up endoscopy eight weeks after doubtfully complete polypectomy. He underwent resection, and had no further recurrence. No further manifestations of invasive carcinoma occurred after complete polypectomy of 42 patients with low-risk carcinomas. CONCLUSIONS: This study supports the view that complete endoscopic polypectomy is an adequate therapy for low-risk carcinoma: A modification of the follow-up regimen, with less frequent endoscopic controls, is justified.
Adenoma↗
Correlates of stress reactivity in patients with bipolar disorder.
OBJECTIVE: The authors examined individual differences in stress reactivity as well as whether features of the illness itself or psychological characteristics differentiate between patients with bipolar disorder who are highly stress reactive and those who are not. METHOD: They assessed stressors and bipolar episodes in 58 patients with bipolar disorder followed for at least 1 year. RESULTS: Not only did stress level predict relapse, so did personality variables such as introversion and obsessionality and their interaction with stress. Number of previous episodes of bipolar illness, however, did not affect stress response. CONCLUSIONS: These results are not consistent with the view that episodes of bipolar disorder become increasingly independent of stressors after initial episodes. However, psychological traits may affect reactivity to stressors.
Adolescent↗
Variation in the enteric distribution of cryptosporidia in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.
Clinical observation suggests that the natural history of intestinal cryptosporidiosis in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome varies greatly. The relation between clinical, small-bowel functional, and nutritional status and the intestinal distribution of the organism was studied in 41 patients who had acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and cryptosporidiosis and who had undergone both proximal small-bowel and colonic biopsies. Two patterns of enteric cryptosporidiosis were identified: severe clinical disease with malabsorption in patients with cryptosporidia in proximal small-bowel biopsy specimens (61% of cases) and less severe clinical disease in patients with cryptosporidia only in the colon or stool (39% of cases). Patients with cryptosporidia in proximal small-bowel biopsy specimens had small-bowel crypt hyperplastic villous atrophy, lamina propria inflammatory infiltrates, poorer D-xylose absorption, greater weight loss, and shorter survival and more often needed intravenous hydration or hyperalimentation. Patients with cryptosporidia in the small-bowel villi only had less severe disease than those with cryptosporidia in the small-bowel crypts. In conclusion, the anatomic distribution of intestinal cryptosporidia in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome varies, and this variation may explain differences in clinical course. Cryptosporidial infection of the proximal small bowel correlates with mucosal injury, malabsorption, dehydration, weight loss, and shortened survival.
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
Adaptation of Hispanic families to a member with mental retardation.
Adaptation of Hispanic (n = 51) and non-Hispanic (n = 195) white families to having a member with mental retardation was examined using surveys and interviews. We compared these families' demographic characteristics, religious values, and support resources and examined how these factors differentially affected caregiving burden for each group. Surveys and interviews were collected from 51 Hispanic and 195 non-Hispanic white families. Findings indicated that Hispanic families differed from the other families in SES, age of the person with mental retardation, religious values, and in their perceived burden of caring for a family member with mental retardation. Patterns of determinants of caregiving burden did not differ significantly for the two groups.
Adaptation, Psychological↗
Reducing the risk of cancers. A distance learning resource for cancer prevention throughout the EC.
This paper describes an initiative in distance learning for cancer prevention for health care professionals throughout the EC. 'Reducing the Risk of Cancers' is a multi-media integrated study pack of learning materials prepared by the Open University (U.K.) with funding from the Europe Against Cancer programme of the European Commission. The teaching materials aim to enhance cancer prevention and health promotion skills and competencies amongst health care professionals at local level. In the paper the background to the pack is considered, the production process is described and the aims and philosophy of the teaching materials are outlined. The content of the pack is described and usage, dissemination and evaluation for health professionals throughout Europe are discussed.
European Union↗
Aging family caregivers: support resources and changes in burden and placement desire.
Determinants of older parents' caregiving burden and desire for residential placement of their adult child (over age 30) over a 2.5-year period were examined. The major focus was on the effects of informal and formal resources over time. Interviews were conducted with 62 parents. Regression analyses indicated that support resources contributed to parental caregiving burden and to residential placement preferences for their adult child. Implications for family support policies were discussed.
Activities of Daily Living↗
Developing professional knowledge and skills.
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Health Personnel↗
The efferent innervation of the suboccipital muscles in the guinea pig: a study with retrograde transport of horseradish peroxidase.
The location and quantitative parameters of the motoneurons of three suboccipital muscles are studied by means of retrograde transport of horseradish peroxidase (HRP). Injections of HRP into the M. obliquus capitis superior and into the M. rectus capitis posterior maior result in labeling of somata within the first cervical spinal segment. Injections into the M. obliquus capitis inferior result in labeling within the second cervical spinal segment. All somata are situated within or close to the ventromedial nucleus and show average diameters of about 20-25 microns. Conclusions on the innervation of the suboccipital muscles are drawn.
Animals↗
[Tube dislocation following percutaneous, endoscopically-controlled gastrostomy--a case report].
Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) is an accepted and increasingly utilized means of obtaining access to the gastrointestinal tract for alimentation. The Memosond (Pfrimmer-Viggo Co.) as a new system presents advantages in comparison to the commonly used thread-guided tubes rendering a simplified technique of setting the tube and giving the possibility of later changing without repeated endoscopy. We present a case of a 65 yr female patient with advanced carcinoma of throat. A PEG using a Memosond system was performed. Two days later the distal part of the tube dislocated into the abdominal cavity. The patient died four days later of her malignant disease.
Aged↗
Permanency planning for adults with mental retardation living with family caregivers.
Permanency plans made by 100 family caregivers of adults (age 30 and over) with mental retardation living at home were described. Also examined were the effects that the individual's functioning level, caregiver characteristics, support resources, and perceptions of burden had permanency plans. Logistic regression analyses indicated that the individual's functioning level, caregiver characteristics, and support resources predicted preference for placement in a residential program, whereas only the caregiver's characteristics predicted whether families had made financial arrangements for their relative. Implications for service provision to family caregivers were discussed.
Activities of Daily Living↗