Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

T Hausken

Publications and source records attributed to T Hausken.

71 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Helicobacter pylori eradication with bismuth subnitrate, oxytetracycline and metronidazole in patients with peptic ulcer disease.

A total of 152 patients with recurrent peptic ulcer disease were treated with bismuth subnitrate, oxytetracycline and metronidazole. The 51 patients in Group 1 were included following a study of the effect of cognitive psychotherapy on the recurrence rate after curative treatment for duodenal ulcer (DU). Group 2 comprised 101 consecutive patients referred to us with recurrent peptic ulcer. Their Helicobacter pylori (Hp) status was assessed before, and 4 weeks after, discontinuation of treatment, using the 14C-urea breath test. The primary aim of the study was to determine the effect of the triple treatment regimen on Hp eradication. All but two patients were Hp-positive prior to treatment. Four weeks after termination of treatment, Hp was found to have been eradicated in 50 out of 51 patients (98%) in Group 1, and in 86 out of 97 patients (89%) in Group 2. The respective ulcer healing rates for the two groups were 100% and 95%. Fifty percent of the patients noted moderate to severe adverse effects, mainly nausea and diarrhea, but only 5 patients discontinued treatment prematurely. The results indicate that virtually all patients with recurrent peptic ulcer disease have gastric Hp infection, and that the present triple treatment is highly effective in terms of both Hp eradication and ulcer healing.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[Functional dyspepsia--a stress disease].

Because non-ulcer dyspepsia is associated with stress and motility disturbances it is now called functional dyspepsia. Compared with healthy persons, patients with functional dyspepsia are characterized by poor vagal tone, wider gastric antrum both fasting and postprandially, lack of stress-related repression of antral motility and meal-induced dyspeptic symptoms. Postprandial discomfort is related to antral distension. Poor vagal tone may cause antral distension and dysmotility as well as symptoms in these patients. Treatment programmes or drugs which improve vagal tone may be beneficial.

Dyspepsia↗
PubMed1992

Antroduodenal motility and movements of luminal contents studied by duplex sonography.

The motility of the gastroduodenal wall, movement of gastric contents, and velocity curves of transpyloric flow can be synchronously visualized by duplex sonography. In eight healthy individuals, 18 +/- 6 (mean +/- SD) peristaltic cycles per person in response to the ingestion of 500 mL of meat soup were recorded. Coordinated antroduodenal contractions were seen in 67% of the cycles. Two types of duodenogastric reflux were observed. One type occurred in the middle of the peristaltic cycle (midcycle reflux), whereas the other followed immediately after antegrade flow at the end of the cycle (end-cycle reflux). End-cycle reflux was significantly more frequent in conjunction with coordinated (70%) than with uncoordinated (17%) antroduodenal contractions (P less than 0.005). Thus, in the fed state, a short gush of duodenogastric reflux normally precedes the peristaltic closure of the pylorus.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Cisapride treatment of patients with non-ulcer dyspepsia and erosive prepyloric changes. A double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.

One hundred and twenty consecutive outpatients with non-ulcer dyspepsia (NUD) and erosive prepyloric changes (EPC) were, after a 2-week placebo run-in period, randomly allocated to double-blind treatment with either 10-mg cisapride tablets or placebo three times daily for 4 weeks. The patients' global evaluation and total symptom score were significantly in favour of cisapride at 2 weeks (p less than 0.05). At 4 weeks the effect of cisapride was no longer significant (p = 0.22). Similarly, the investigators' global evaluation showed marked to moderate symptom improvement in 47% of the cisapride-treated patients as compared with 30% of the placebo-treated patients at 2 weeks. The 95% confidence interval of the difference (18%) was 0% to 35%. At 4 weeks the intergroup difference was only 10% (cisapride, 50% versus placebo 40%). Pain on awakening was the only symptom improved in favour of cisapride at 4 weeks. Thus, when patients with NUD and EPC are treated with cisapride, the therapeutic gain might vanish after the 2nd week of treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Wide gastric antrum in patients with non-ulcer dyspepsia. Effect of cisapride.

Fasting antral area was examined by ultrasonography in 40 healthy subjects and in 106 patients with non-ulcer dyspepsia (NUD) and erosive prepyloric changes (EPC) before and after treatment with cisapride or placebo. The patients were examined twice, first after a run-in period of 14 days of placebo and then after 14 days of cisapride, 10 mg three times daily, or placebo. The relaxed width of the antral area was measured in two sections: a vertical section in which the antrum, the superior mesenteric vein, and the aorta were visualized simultaneously, and a horizontal section that included the pylorus and the middle of the antrum up to 5 cm proximal to the pylorus. The mean antral area was wider (p less than 0.001), both in vertical and horizontal sections, in patients with NUD and EPC than in controls. The antral area in NUD patients was wider (p less than 0.05) in smokers than in non-smokers. The area tended to decrease during treatment with cisapride (p = 0.08). Bloating was the only symptom significantly associated with a wide antral area (p = 0.01). The results suggest a relationship between a wide fasting antral area and NUD with EPC.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Colonoscopic screening examination of relatives of patients with colorectal cancer. I. A comparison with an endoscopically screened normal population.

First-degree relatives (n = 206) of patients operated on for colorectal cancer (CRC) (n = 181) were offered a colonoscopic screening examination; 169 relatives (82%) attended. The findings were compared with those in a normal population sample with no CRC in first-degree relatives (n = 308), aged 50-59 years, who had been screened by means of flexible sigmoidoscopy. Three carcinomas and 176 polyps were found in 56 of 95 male relatives (57%) and 34 of 74 female relatives (46%). The adenoma prevalence rate was 37 (39%) and 26 (35%) for male and female relatives, respectively. In the 50- to 59-year age group, the adenoma prevalence rates for both sexes collectively and for women separately were significantly higher among relatives than among the population without CRC relatives. Hyperplastic polyps were larger, whereas adenomas were similar in size among relatives compared with the normal population. Colonoscopy may be a suitable method of choice for screening first-degree relatives of patients with CRC.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1992

Colonoscopic screening examination of relatives of patients with colorectal cancer. II. Relations between tumour characteristics and the presence of polyps.

Colonoscopy was offered to 206 first-degree relatives of 181 patients operated on for colorectal cancer (CRC). Findings of polyps in relatives correlated with Dukes staging, extent of dedifferentiation and localization of tumour in the operated patient, and type of family relationship. Adenomas in relatives and Dukes staging of carcinoma in the patients were inversely related. Relatives of patients with Dukes stage A tumour had more than twice as many adenomas as and a higher prevalence of multiple adenomas than relatives of patients with advanced cancer at the time of operation. If the patient had polyp(s) in addition to tumour, the number of adenomas per relative was almost doubled. Hyperplastic polyps in relatives were associated with poorly differentiated carcinoma in their related patients. These results support the theory that not all CRC are derived from polyps and that adenoma-derived CRC may have a better prognosis than 'de novo' CRC. An adenoma prevalence risk table is also presented.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1991

Antroduodenal motility studied by real-time ultrasonography. Effect of enprostil.

Transabdominal real-time ultrasonography was used to investigate antroduodenal motility effects of the prostaglandin E2 analogue enprostil. Ten healthy subjects were studied on two separate days, once after oral administration of one capsule of enprostil 35 micrograms 1 hour before the ingestion of 500 mL of meat soup and once without drug administration before the meal. The ultrasound probe was positioned at the level of the transpyloric plane to visualize the antrum, pylorus, and proximal duodenum simultaneously and thereafter vertically to visualize the antrum, superior mesenteric vein, and aorta simultaneously. The motility was videotaped for 15 minutes. The antroduodenal coordination, frequency and amplitude of antral contractions, and size of antral area were reduced, whereas the time during which the pylorus was wide open (greater than 5 mm) was increased after enprostil. It is concluded that antroduodenal motility can easily be visualized by ultrasonography. Therapeutic doses of enprostil impair antroduodenal peristalsis and coordination and open the pylorus in healthy subjects.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Endoscopic hemostasis in hemorrhagic peptic ulcer. A review and pilot study of local thrombin injection combined with systemic fibrinolysis inhibition (with tranexamic acid)].

Today, most upper GI-haemorrhages can be handled without surgery. We discuss the available endoscopic haemostatic methods. Injection therapy seems to be as effective as laser-, heater probe- and bipolar electrocoagulation, and is often preferred because the equipment is inexpensive. In a pilot study of 37 patients with haemorrhage from peptic ulcer (13 with active bleeding and 24 with stigmata of recent hemorrhage) we injected thrombin in the ulcer base and treated the patients systemically with an antifibrinolytic drug (tranexamic acid) for five days. Endoscopic follow-up revealed stigmata of recent haemorrhage in 23 patients on day 1 and in eight patients on day 5. "Blood in stomach" was seen in eight patients on day 1 and in two patients on day 5. Four patients had clinical signs of rebleeding, but only one of them needed operation (definite hemostasis 97%). There were no obvious side effects of the treatment. Contrary to other endoscopic methods, local injection of thrombin does not damage the normal mucosa. However, the method has not been sufficiently explored as yet, and cannot be recommended without strict control and follow-up measures. Early control endoscopy seems to be a sensitive way of monitoring haemostasis.

Cyclohexanecarboxylic Acids↗
PubMed1990

Endoscopic ultrasound Doppler probes for velocity measurements in vessels in the upper gastrointestinal tract using a multifrequency pulsed Doppler meter.

To quantify flow velocity in vascular structures in the upper gastrointestinal tract, prototype ultrasound Doppler transducers having frequencies of 5 and 10 MHz were designed. Connected to an advanced pulse ultrasound Doppler meter via an isolation transformer for patient safety, these transducers enabled the recording of flow velocity in vessels within an surrounding the wall of the GI tract. This set up improves the endoscopic ultrasound Doppler method by extending the measurable depth-range by using two frequencies, permitting independent selection of measuring depth and sample volume length, and giving an output format which includes full spectral analysis, simultaneous ECG and capabilities of displaying two additional signals.

Blood Flow Velocity↗
PubMed1990

Misoprostol treatment exacerbates abdominal discomfort in patients with non-ulcer dyspepsia and erosive prepyloric changes. A double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicentre study.

One hundred and thirty-seven consecutive outpatients with non-ulcer dyspepsia (NUD) and erosive prepyloric changes (EPC) were randomly allocated to double-blind treatment with 400-micrograms misoprostol tablets twice daily or placebo for 4 weeks. Misoprostol had a significant worsening effect on epigastric pain, nausea, meteorism, lower abdominal pain, and diarrhoea, as compared with placebo. The fact that symptoms in patients with NUD and EPC were exacerbated by an antisecretory dose of misoprostol indicates that the symptoms are largely unrelated to gastric acid.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Endoscopic ultrasonographic findings in benign and malignant diseases of the stomach.

Endoscopic ultrasonographic (EUS) imaging was performed to examine the depth, extent and tissue character of gastric lesions in nine patients. Two patients with linitis plastica had endoscopically normal gastric mucosa, but a thickened gastric wall showing loss of normal layer structure on examination with EUS. In four patients the internal structure of gastric polyps could be imaged, showing the relationship to the gastric wall layers. EUS demonstrated the depth of gastric ulcers in three patients. Abnormalities in the echogenicity of the gastric wall adjacent to the ulcers were observed. EUS provides a three-dimensional endoscopic and ultrasonographic picture of the gastric mucosal surface and underlying wall, providing structural information not otherwise obtainable without examining the resected tissue.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Low vagal tone and antral dysmotility in patients with functional dyspepsia.

Effects of acute mental stress on gastric antral motility were investigated in 23 healthy persons and 25 patients with functional dyspepsia (FD). Real-time ultrasonography of gastric antrum was recorded, after ingestion of 500 ml meat soup, during a 4-min resting period, 2.5 min of mental stress, and a 4-min recovery period. Amplitude of antral contractions was scored as a fraction of relaxed area. Motility-index was calculated as the amplitude multiplied by frequency. Measurement of skin conductance reflected sympathetic tone, and respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) was calculated to index vagal tone. Antral motility was reduced by mental stress in the healthy persons, but not in FD patients. Group differences were significant for amplitude (p < 0.002) and motility-index scores (p < 0.02). Sympathetic tone increased during stress in both groups. Vagal tone was lower in the FD patients than in the healthy controls (p < 0.001). The lack of stress-related reduction of motility among patients with FD may, therefore, be a consequence of poor vagal tone.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Low vagal activity as mediating mechanism for the relationship between personality factors and gastric symptoms in functional dyspepsia.

Low vagal tone may represent a mediating mechanism for relationships between personality and symptoms of functional dyspepsia (FD) through a mechanism of antral hypomotility. Twenty-one patients with FD and seventeen healthy controls completed a series of personality tests before vagal and sympathetic activity, antral motility, and abdominal symptoms were assessed in response to a laboratory task. Functional dyspepsia patients had lower scores on vagal tone (p = .054) and motility index (p = .011) in addition to the expected higher scores on epigastric discomfort (p = .002). Psychological factors explained a substantial amount of the variance in vagal activity, antral motility, and reported symptoms. Symptoms were predicted by trait anxiety (STAI-TR), depression (BDI), and neuroticism (EPQ-N). Poor vagal tone was related to neuroticism (EPQ-N). Poor motility was best explained by task-related state dysphoria (SACL-STR).

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Follow-up on 242 patients with peptic ulcer disease one year after eradication of Helicobacter pylori infection.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: From Dec. 1990 to Jan. 1993 we treated 306 patients with chronic peptic ulcer disease and gastric Helicobacter pylori infection with one of three triple therapy regimens comprising bismuth subnitrate suspension (B) 15 mg/ml, oxytetracycline (OT), and metronidazole (M). METHODS: Treatment I (101 patients): B 5 ml, OT 500 mg, and M 200 mg, all q.i.d. for 14 days. Treatment II (60 patients): B 10 ml and OT 750 mg q.i.d., M 400 mg t.i.d. for 7 days. Treatment III (145 patients): B 10 ml and OT 500 mg q.i.d., M 400 mg t.i.d. for 10 days. Gastroscopy and 14C-urea breath test were performed 4 weeks and 1 year after cessation of therapy. RESULTS: According to the urea breath test, H pylori eradication rates at 4 weeks were 87.9%, 81.9%, and 95.0% for Treatment I, II and III, respectively. At one year, 4 out of 242 patients, who were H pylori negative at 4 weeks, had become H pylori positive, i.e., H pylori reinfection rate 1.7%, 95% CI 0.5-4.2%. Only one of these "reinfected" patients had ulcer recurrence. Another patient had duodenal ulcer recurrence shortly after cessation of treatment in spite of being H pylori eradicated, i.e., ulcer recurrence rate 0.8%, 95% CI 0.1-3.0%. CONCLUSIONS: During the first year after H pylori eradication by triple therapy, recurrence rates of H pylori infection and peptic ulcer are very low (below 4.2% and 3.0%, respectively).

Adult↗