Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

T Hata

Publications and source records attributed to T Hata.

At least 289 records · Page 16Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

Evaluation of perinatal outcome using individualized growth assessment: comparison with conventional methods.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate individualized growth assessment using the Rossavik growth model for detection of growth-retarded neonates with poor perinatal outcomes. METHODS: Rossavik growth models derived from second-trimester ultrasound measurements were used to predict birth characteristics of 154 singleton neonates. Individual fetal growth curve standards for head and abdominal circumference and weight were determined from the data of two scans obtained before 25 weeks' menstrual age and separated by an interval of at least 5 weeks. Comparisons between actual and predicted birth characteristics were expressed by the Growth Potential Realization Index and the Neonatal Growth Assessment Score (NGAS). The proportions of perinatal outcomes (mechanical delivery, low Apgar score, abnormal fetal heart rate [FHR] patterns, neonatal acidosis, meconium staining of amniotic fluid, neonatal intensive care unit admission, and maternal complications), using NGAS, were compared with those by the traditional birth weight-for-gestational age method and the ponderal index, respectively. RESULTS: Of the 154 fetuses studied, 120 had normal growth outcomes at birth; 18 showed evidence of intrauterine growth retardation; and 16 had macrosomia, based on NGAS. According to birth weight-for-gestational age classification, 32 fetuses were small for gestational age; 118 were appropriate for gestational age; and only 4 were large for gestational age. According to the ponderal index, 55 fetuses had growth retardation, 99 showed appropriate growth and there was no macrosomia. There was a significant increase in mechanical deliveries in cases of growth-retarded neonates, determined using the NGAS classification, when compared with events related to normally grown or macrosomic neonates. However, there were no significant differences in mechanical deliveries among the groups by birth weight classification or ponderal index. Both birth weight classification and NGAS classification showed a significant increase in the low Apgar score, abnormal FHR patterns, and neonatal acidosis in infants classified as growth retarded when compared with appropriately grown or macrosomic infants. However, there were no significant differences in the low Apgar score, abnormal FHR patterns, and neonatal acidosis between growth-retarded and appropriately grown infants when they had been so classified by ponderal index. Three growth category classification methods failed to reveal significant differences in meconium staining of amniotic fluid, neonatal intensive care unit admission, and maternal complications among the groups. CONCLUSION: We do cast doubt on the usefulness of the ponderal index for detection of growth-retarded neonates with poor perinatal outcomes, and individualized growth assessment seems to perform at least as well as the traditional birth weight-for-gestational age method.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

[Quantitative analysis of myocardial tracer distribution in patients with ischemic heart disease: comparison of 201T1 and 123I-15-(p-iodophenyl)-3-methylpentadecanoic acid (BMIPP)].

Quantitative assessment of myocardial tracer uptake in stress-delayed thallium and resting BMIPP imagings were performed in 24 patients with coronary artery disease. Each distribution was displayed on the bull's eye polar map and % uptake of each distribution was calculated as a mean value in 9 myocardial segments on the polar map. Redistribution index (% delayed uptake minus % stress uptake on thallium images) and discordance index (% delayed thallium uptake minus % BMIPP uptake) were also calculated. Each parameter was compared to the visual uptake score and wall motion score on contract left ventriculography. Excellent correlations were obtained between % uptake and the uptake score in each tracer. The % thallium and BMIPP uptake also correlated with regional wall motion score. Furthermore, a significant correlation was observed between redistribution and discordance indexes in the mildly hypoperfused segments. These data indicate that the quantitative analysis of thallium and BMIPP distributions seems to be valuable to understand relationship between perfusion and regional wall motion. The discordant BMIPP uptake may represent asynergic but viable segments. However, several important factors, such as attenuation factor should be also taken into consideration for such quantitative analysis.

Aged↗
PubMed1995

[Clinicopathological report of cisplatin encephalopathy].

A 61-year-old woman was treated with cisplatin and etoposide for ovarian carcinoma. After the second course of chemotherapy she developed acute encephalopathy which manifested itself as headache, fever, a partial seizure, confusion, and mild right hemiparesis, although no evidence of a central nervous system infection was found. Ten days after the onset of neurological symptoms, she experienced a sudden loss of vision in both eyes. Neurological findings were compatible with cortical blindness. Neurological symptoms subsided and visual acuity completely returned over the next months. The total cumulative dose of cisplatin was 325 mg/m2. She died of aspiration pneumonia on the 43rd day. Postmortem examination revealed severe nerve cell loss, gliosis and spongy changes in the bilateral occipital cortex including visual field, and slight to moderate demyelination in the subcortical white matter of the occipital cortex, Goll's tract, and dorsal root ganglia. As far as we know this encephalopathy is the second report in which the neuropathological changes associated with cisplatin therapy have been demonstrated by autopsy findings. The first was a case report of leukoencephalopathy, which differed significantly from our case in the primary lesions of the brain. We measured the platinum level in several parts of the cerebrum and cerebellum, optic nerve, spinal cord, and cauda equina by using an atomic absorption spectrophotometric technique. Platinum was detected in the bilateral occipital cortex, spinal cord, and cauda equina. These results were consistent with the distribution of pathological lesions. The mechanism of cisplatin-induced focal encephalopathy remains speculative.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Blindness↗
PubMed1995

[Surgical repair of valvular diseases in patients over 75 years of age].

From January 1985 through August 1993, 41 patients older than 70 years underwent valvular surgery. In them, 10 patients were older than 75 years old. We evaluated those operative results. First, we classified them into 3 groups; Group A: over 75 y.o. (10 cases), Group B: 70-74 y.o. (31 cases) and Group C: 60-69 y.o. (39 cases, from January 1992 through August 1993). Surgical deaths were 1 case in Group A, and 1 in Group B. Distant deaths were 1 case in Group B, and 2 in Group C. Preoperative cardiac catheterization data showed the progression of cardiac failure in proportion to aging. But postoperative data showed no difference among 3 groups, and the condition was reversible. NYHA classification and cardiothoracic ratio (CTR) showed the same results. In summary, in valvular diseases in patients over 75 years of age, the progression of the condition was recognized but it was reversible. So we conclude that the surgical repair of no influence of age is necessary.

Aged↗
PubMed1994

Prediction of neonatal crown-heel length in normal singletons, twins, and triplets using individualized growth assessment.

In groups of normally growing singletons (20), twins (20), and triplets (13), predicted femur diaphysis length (FDL) values at birth were obtained using Rossavik growth models specified from second-trimester ultrasound studies of fetal growth. Six previously published functions were utilized to obtain predicted crown-heel length (CHL) values from predicted FDL values. These values were compared to the actual CHL values and the percent differences calculated. Based on their systematic (mean percent difference) and random (standard deviation of percent difference) prediction errors, the functions of Vintzileos (singletons), Hadlock (twins), and Brown (triplets) were found to give optimal results (no systematic error; random error: +/- 6%). Using predicted CHL values obtained with these optimal functions, growth potential realization index values for CHL (GPRICHL) were determined for singletons, twins, and triplets. In all three groups, the mean GPRICHL value was 100% with a range of approximately 95% to 105%. These results indicate that the CHL can be predicted from second-trimester growth patterns and evaluated using individualized growth assessment methods.

Embryonic and Fetal Development↗
PubMed1994

Mathematical modeling of fetal organ growth using the Rossavik growth model: III. Cardiac ventricle.

Growth of the fetal cardiac ventricle has been monitored by total cardiac diameter (TCD), left ventricular systolic (LVSD) and diastolic diameter (LVDD), right ventricular systolic (RVSD) and diastolic diameter (RVDD), left ventricular width (LVW), interventricular septal width (IVSW), and right ventricular width (RVW) from 19 to 39 weeks, menstrual age, in 114 normal Japanese fetuses. Growth curves for these parameters have been determined using a Rossavik growth model [P = c(t)k+s(t)]. R2 values of 89.7, 58.0, 65.3, 77.9, 80.3, 31.1, 30.1, and 26.9 were obtained for TCD, LVSD, LVDD, RVSD, RVDD, LVW, IVSW, and RVW, respectively. Variability analysis indicated a progressive increase in variability with fetal age for these eight parameters. Variability data were used with the growth curve models to determine standard curves for these parameters. These standard curves provide a superior means for evaluating the normal fetal cardiac growth in the fetus and for identifying congenital heart anomalies in utero.

Embryonic and Fetal Development↗
PubMed1994

Fetal liver length measurement does not provide a superior means for prediction of a small for gestational age fetus.

To assess the growth of the fetal liver in normal pregnancies and evaluate the ability of fetal liver length measurement for prediction of small for gestational age fetuses, ultrasonographic examinations were performed on 162 normal fetuses, ranging from 15 to 40 weeks menstrual age. The optimal mathematical function and normal range of liver length were generated. The liver length was obtained in 21 small for gestational age fetuses between 34 and 40 weeks, and the ability to use fetal liver length measurement for prediction of small for gestational age fetuses was investigated. A curvilinear relationship was found between the menstrual age and liver length (R2 = 91.9%), and a normal range of liver length measurement for estimating the growth of the fetal liver during normal pregnancy was generated. The liver length was normal in 19 of 21 small for gestational age fetuses (90.5%). The fetal liver length measurement does not provide a superior means for identifying the small for gestational age fetus.

Embryonic and Fetal Development↗
PubMed1994

Intramyocardial angiomyolipoma.

We report a case of cardiac angiomyolipoma in a 48-year-old woman who went to the hospital because of shortness of breath. Cardiac ultrasonography showed a right atrial mass, which was surgically removed. Pathologic examination revealed a 6-cm-diameter, dome-shaped mass composed of a mixture of blood vessels, smooth muscle, and fat. Because of its distinctive morphology and location, we diagnosed it as an intramyocardial angiomyolipoma. There was no evidence of tuberous sclerosis. Since excision of the mass, the patient has remained well without recurrence for 20 months. Angiomyolipomas usually develop in the kidney; extrarenal occurrence is rare. To date, no case of a cardiac angiomyolipoma has been reported in the English literature. The histogenesis of angiomyolipoma is uncertain, but it is most likely hamartomatous in nature.

Angiomyolipoma↗
PubMed1994

Fetal circulatory system in growth-retarded fetus with late decelerations and oligohydramnios.

We present 4 cases of growth-retarded fetuses with fetal heart rate late decelerations and oligohydramnios. Doppler ultrasound revealed significantly decreased pulsatility index (PI) values of the middle cerebral artery; however, the PI values of the renal artery, femoral artery and umbilical artery were within normal ranges in all fetuses. Relative redistributions in the fetal circulatory system were shown with fetal hypoxemia without acidosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Toxicokinetics of zenarestat, an aldose reductase inhibitor in animals and man.

1. The relationship between dose and plasma concentrations is important in extrapolating toxicity between species. Therefore, we determined this relationship for zenarestat in animals and man. 2. The biopharmaceutics of zenarestat was assessed prior to toxicity testing. The bioavailability of zenarestat in rat administered zenarestat in 0.5% (w/v) methyl cellulose suspension and aqueous solution was similar. Bioavailability in dog administered zenarestat treated with excipients and in aqueous solution was similar. 3. Cmax increases dose-relatedly both in animals and man. AUC increased almost in proportion to the dose in mouse, rat and man, but increased to a greater extent at the highest dose in dog. Cmax, AUC and C24h were not significantly different during/after multiple dosing. 4. After 13 and 53 weeks of toxicity testing, plasma concentrations were not significantly different between the days and sexes except at 560 mg/kg in the female rat and at 56 mg/kg in the female dog in 13 week toxicity tests. 5. The exposure of zenarestat in man, administered 300 mg b.i.d., seemed to be no more than that in animals at non-toxic doses.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1994

Development of a novel drug release system, time-controlled explosion system (TES). I. Concept and design.

A novel controlled drug release system. Time-Controlled Explosion System (TES) has been developed. TES has a four-layered spherical structure, which consists of core, drug, swelling agent and water insoluble polymer membrane. TES is characterized by a rapid drug release with a precisely programmed lag time; i.e. expansion of the swelling agent by water penetrating through the outer membrane, destruction of the membrane by stress due to swelling force and subsequent rapid drug release. For establishing the concept and development strategy, TES was designed using metoprolol and polystyrene balls (size: 3.2 mm in diameter) as a model drug and core particles. Among the polymers screened, low-substituted hydroxypropylcellulose (L-HPC) and ethylcellulose (EC) were selected for a swelling agent and an outer water insoluble membrane, respectively. The release profiles of metoprolol from the system were not affected by the pH of the dissolution media. Lag time was controlled by the thickness of the outer EC membrane; thus, a combination of TES particles possessing different lag times could offer any desired release profile of the model compound, metoprolol.

Chemistry, Pharmaceutical↗
PubMed1994

Development of a novel drug delivery system, time-controlled explosion system (TES). IV. In vivo drug release behavior.

Time-Controlled Explosion System (TES) has the time-controlled drug release property with a pre-designed lag time. The drug release from the system is initiated by destruction of the membrane. In this study, metoprolol tartrate was used as a model drug. After five types of TES with different in vitro lag times were orally administrated to dogs, plasma metoprolol concentration was monitored. There existed a good correlation between in vitro and in vivo lag time, while the extent of absorbed metoprolol decreased with prolongation of lag time. Next, the in vivo drug release behavior was directly investigated using five different colored TES with a lag time of two hours. Each TES was consecutively administrated to the fasted dogs at predetermined intervals. The amount of metoprolol released was monitored by recovering the administered TES from the gastrointestinal trace. The in vivo release profile corresponded with the in vitro one. It is demonstrated that TES can release the drug in in vivo conditions similarly to in vitro. Based on these results, the decrease of the absorption is suggested to be caused by increased hepatic first-pass metabolism of the drug due to the retarded release rate with longer lag time.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

[Effects of pravastatin administration for 12 months on serum lipid levels in aged patients with hypercholesterolemia].

To evaluate long-term efficacy of pravastatin, we administered this HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor at a mean dose of 9.9 mg/day to 208 aged patients with serum levels of total cholesterol (TC) over 220 mg/dl (mean +/- SD aged of 70 +/- 7 years; 62 males and 146 females) for 12 months. The mean serum value of TC significantly decreased from the basal level of 265 mg/dl to 216 mg/dl in the 3rd month, and this decrease was maintained throughout the observation period. Similar change was observed in the serum level of low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C). Although the mean serum level of high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HLC-C) in all patients did not change significantly, the HDL-C level in 34 patients with a HDL-C level below 40 mg/dl significantly increased from the 3rd month. The mean serum level of triglyceride (TG) in all patients significantly decreased from the 3rd month, and this decrease in the TG was more prominent in 101 aged patients with TG levels higher than 150 mg/dl. In 168 aged patients on 10 mg/day of pravastatin throughout the period, there were significant negative correlations between the ratio of the decrease in TC in basal serum and each of the basal serum TC levels (r = -0.345, p < 0.001) and age of the subjects (r = -0.208, p = 0.007). These results indicate that long-term administration of pravastatin is effective treatment for lipid metabolism even in aged patients.

Aged↗
PubMed1994

Milbemycin derivatives: epoxidation of milbemycins.

Epoxidation reactions (MCPBA epoxidation and Sharpless epoxidation) were examined as a means of chemically modifying milbemycins as part of our program for discovering anthelmintics. 8,9-Epoxy-, 14,15-epoxy-, 8,9-14,15-diepoxy-, and 3,4-8,9-14,15-triepoxymilbemycin A4 were selectively obtained from milbemycin A4 and its derivatives, in which either the C-5 and C-7 hydroxyl groups or C-5 alone were protected as appropriate by a silyl ether (in the former case) or a carbonyl group. Further silylation or epoxidation on these epoxidized compounds indicated that the configuration of each epoxide moiety of the mono- and diepoxides is in accord with that of the corresponding epoxide moiety of the triepoxide. Furthermore, in order to confirm the absolute configurations of these epoxide functionalities, an X-ray analysis of a carbamate derivative from the triepoxymilbemycin was conducted.

Anthelmintics↗
PubMed1994

Modulation of adrenergic receptors during regression of cardiac hypertrophy.

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether alpha 1- or beta-adrenergic receptors are altered during regression of cardiac hypertrophy produced by antihypertensive agents. DESIGN AND METHODS: Cardiac hypertrophy was induced in rats by aortic banding. After 6 weeks banding the rats were treated with an angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor (enalapril), an alpha 1-adrenergic antagonist (bunazosin) or a beta-adrenergic antagonist (propranolol) for 6 weeks to induce regression. The numbers of alpha 1- and beta-adrenergic receptors, haemodynamics, tissue noradrenaline content and tissue ACE activity were measured. RESULTS: Regression of cardiac hypertrophy occurred after treatment of aortic banded rats with a high dose of enalapril, bunazosin or propranolol, and was accompanied by a reduction in systolic blood pressure. The number of alpha 1- or beta-adrenergic receptors was unchanged by propranolol treatment, but the number of alpha 1-adrenergic receptors was increased in the hearts of rats treated with bunazosin. A low dose of enalapril (3 mg/kg body weight) caused regression of hypertrophy without a concomitant reduction in blood pressure, and decreased the number of alpha 1-adrenergic receptors. The dissociation constants for alpha 1- and beta-adrenergic receptors were not different among the experimental groups, and the positive derivatives of left ventricular pressure was unaltered in rats treated with a low dose of enalapril but was reduced by the other drugs. CONCLUSION: Of the three drugs tested, only the low dose of enalapril affected adrenergic receptors during regression of cardiac hypertrophy, causing a decrease in alpha 1-adrenergic receptor number without a reduction in blood pressure. This effect may be explained by non-haemodynamic actions of the ACE inhibitor enalapril, probably by modulation of peripheral sympathetic activity.

Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors↗