Biomedical subjects

T Haruta

Publications and source records attributed to T Haruta.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources

PubMed1991

[Pharmacokinetic, bacteriological and clinical studies on cefdinir fine granules in the field of pediatrics].

The Pharmacokinetics and clinical effectiveness of cefdinir (CFDN, FK482) were examined in pediatric patients. The results are summarized as follows. 1. Plasma concentrations and urinary excretions of CFDN after administration of 5% fine granules were investigated on 4 children at a dose level of 6 mg/kg. Average plasma concentrations peaked at 4 hours after administration at 0.99 micrograms/ml with a half-life of 2.12 hours. The first 24-hour urinary recovery rates of CFDN in 3 children averaged 22.0%. 2. CFDN was given to 24 children (11 with pharyngitis, 3 with tonsillitis, 8 with scarlet fever, 1 with urinary tract infection and 1 with enteritis due to Salmonella); 15 were treated with 5% fine granules and 9 with 10% fine granules at daily doses of about 10 mg/kg in 2 to 3 divided portions. Clinical effects were excellent in 16, good in 7 and not evaluable in 1, with an overall efficacy rate of 100%. 3. Identified causative organisms were 12 strains of Streptococcus pyogenes, 4 of Haemophilus influenzae, 5 of Haemophilus parainfluenzae, 1 of Escherichia coli, and 1 of Salmonella. Bacteriological effects were rated as "eradicated" for 19 strains, "unchanged" for 4 with an eradication rate of 82.6%. 4. No side effects were observed. As for abnormal laboratory test results, a transient decrease of white blood cells was observed in 1 patient. 5. The CFDN fine granule preparations were preferably accepted by the children. 6. The fine granular preparations of CFDN, a new oral antibiotic, were useful for the treatment of bacterial infections in pediatrics.

Administration, Oral↗

PubMed1991

[Clinical evaluation of flomoxef in neonatal infections].

Serum concentrations, urinary excretion and clinical responses of flomoxef (FMOX) were studied. The results are summarized as follows. 1. Serum concentrations of FMOX were 17.4 micrograms/ml 1-hour after intravenous injection on the average in 5 cases who received approximately 10 mg/kg, 41.8 micrograms/ml in 2 cases given 20 mg/kg, and 69.6 micrograms/ml in 2 cases given 40 mg/kg, indicating that serum concentrations of FMOX changed in a dose-dependent manner in this range. Average serum half-life (T 1/2) in 4 mature babies was 2.48 hours and that in 6 premature babies was 3.17 hours, indicating that elimination rates in premature cases tend to be slower than those in mature cases. Urinary recovery rates averaged 39.2% in the first 6 hours in 5 cases examined. 2. Five newborns or premature babies received FMOX 33.1-80.2 mg/kg (b.i.d. or t.i.d.) via intravenous route for 5 to 8 days. FMOX showed excellent or good clinical effectiveness in the treatment of all patients including 1 case each of sepsis with urinary infection, furunclal otitis, impetigo, uterogenic fetus infection and urinary infection. Bacteriological responses were also studied, and eradication of identified organisms (Escherichia coli 3 strains and Staphylococcus aureus 2 strains) was obtained upon the FMOX treatment, but in 1 strain of S. aureus showed only a decrease. No adverse reactions were observed in any cases, but a slight elevation of eosinophil was noted in 1 patient receiving a dose of 210 mg a day. From the results obtained in these tests, FMOX appears to be very usefull and safe for the treatment of some infectious diseases in neonates.

Bacterial Infections↗

PubMed1991

[Pharmacokinetic and clinical studies of cefpirome in pediatric field].

We conducted a study on the pharmacokinetics and clinical application of cefpirome (CPR) in children. 1. A single intravenous injection of 20 mg/kg of CPR was given to a two-month-old boy, and the concentration of the drug in the blood was measured. Fifteen minutes after administration, the concentration was 53.3 micrograms/ml, and it gradually decreased thereafter, reaching a level of 5.18 micrograms/ml after 8 hours with a half-life in the plasma of 2.36 hours. 2. A single intravenous injection of 700 mg (50 mg/kg) of CPR and that of cefotaxime (CTX) were given to a girl with suppurative meningitis (3 years old, 14 kg, causative bacteria, Haemophilus influenzae), and concentrations of the drugs in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid after 1 hour were measured. On the second day of illness, the concentration of CTX in the plasma was 39.4 micrograms/ml and the concentration of desacetyl-CTX (D-CTX) was 25.2 micrograms/ml, while concentrations in the cerebrospinal fluid were 6.22 micrograms/ml (15.8%) for CTX and 3.94 micrograms/ml (15.6%) for D-CTX. On the third day of illness, concentration of CPR in the plasma was 59.3 micrograms/ml, while its concentration in the cerebrospinal fluid was 7.44 micrograms/ml (12.5%). 3. CPR was intravenously administered in daily dosages of 37.7-75.0 mg/kg in 2-3 portions for periods of 4-15 days to 2 patients with septicemia (causative bacteria, Klebsiella pneumoniae in 1 case and Escherichia coli in the other), 1 patient with bronchitis (K. pneumoniae), 9 patients with pneumonia (1 case of Staphylococcus aureus, 3 cases of H. influenzae, 2 cases of Haemophilus parainfluenzae, 1 case of K. pneumoniae + Pseudomonas cepacia, 2 cases of H. influenzae + Branhamella catarrhalis), 2 patients with cellulitis (1 case of S. aureus, 1 case, causative agent unknown), 1 patient with suppurative lymphadenitis (causative agent, unknown), 1 patient with staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome, 1 patient with renal abscess (causative agent, unknown), and 1 patient with a urinary tract infection (E. coli), for a total of 18 patients, with excellent results in 9 cases and good results in 9 cases, hence an efficacy rate of 100% was obtained. 4. As an accompanying side-effect, eruption was observed in 1 of the 18 patients, but when administration was discontinued, the symptom gradually receded, and it disappeared by the 4th day.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Adolescent↗

PubMed1991

[Transferability of cefpirome to cerebrospinal fluid of rabbits with meningitis caused by Staphylococcus aureus].

The transferability of cefpirome (HR810, CPR) to cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was studied employing rabbits with experimental meningitis caused by Staphylococcus aureus. The mean serum concentration was 362 +/- 6.63 micrograms/ml at 15 minutes after intravenous administration of the drug at a dose level of 100 mg/kg. The mean concentration in CSF was maximum at 60 minutes after administration, and the mean maximum concentration was 14.6 +/- 2.85 micrograms/ml. Pharmacokinetic parameters calculated from these values were as follows, Cmax (CSF/serum): 4.04%; AUC (CSF/serum): 5.14% between 15 and 60 minutes, 8.12% between 15 and 120 minutes and 10.4% between 15 and 180 minutes; T 1/2 for CPR in CSF: 154 minutes; T 1/2 (CSF/serum): 3.96. In comparison to those of other beta-lactam antibiotics which were obtained in the same way, the transferability of CPR was intermediate, but the peak CSF level was high, and in consideration of the antimicrobial potency against the main pathogens of meningitis, it appears worthwhile of running clinical trials for this drug.

Animals↗

PubMed1990

[Clinical evaluation of aztreonam in neonatal infections].

Serum concentration, urinary excretion and clinical application of aztreonam (AZT) were studied as follows: 1. Serum concentrations of AZT 1 hour after intravenous injection were 21.0 micrograms/ml in 1 case administered with approximately 10 mg/kg drug and 44.2 micrograms/ml on the average for 7 cases given approximately 20 mg/kg, indicating that serum concentrations are dose-dependent. Average serum half-life in 3 mature babies was 4.75 hours and that in 4 premature babies was 6.59 hours thus T 1/2 was longer in the latter. T 1/2 of 64 days of age newborn was 3.80 hours. Urinary recovery rates in 2 cases examined were 52.1 and 51.9%. 2. Daily dosages of AZT 39.9-63.3 mg/kg were intravenously administered to 10 newborns and prematures b.i.d. or t.i.d., 5 cases of which received AZT alone and the other 5 received AZT in combination with ampicillin (ABPC). Of the above 10 cases, AZT was given to 8 cases for treatment and to the other 2 cases for prophylaxis. Excluding 2 unascertainable cases, AZT showed good or better effectiveness in all the 6 cases in the treatment group, i.e., sepsis 1, suspected sepsis 1 and urinary tract infection 4 cases. All the identified pathogens (Escherichia coli 2 strains, Klebsiella pneumoniae 1 strain and Enterobacter 2 strains) were eliminated by the treatment. No onset of infection was observed in either of the 2 cases with prophylaxis. One of them was administered with AZT for 52 days consecutively but neither side effect nor abnormal laboratory test value was observed. 3. Side effect was not observed at all. One case each of minor degree of platelet increase and GOT elevation was recorded as an abnormal test value. The elevated GOT value continued to be high even after the completion of the administration and it was presumed to be due to the primary disease, heart failure. 4. As results of the above studies, AZT was considered to be effective and safe for neonatal infections caused by Gram-negative bacteria. It may be safer to initiate the treatment with AZT and ABPC in combination than with AZT alone before the identification of pathogen and to change the therapy to single administration of either AZT or ABPC when the pathogens are identified. With respect to method of administration, AZT 20 mg/kg 2 or 3 times a day appeared to show expected efficacy for the newborns with in 7 days after birth.

Ampicillin↗

PubMed1990

[Clinical studies on norfloxacin in the field of pediatrics].

We studied clinical effects of norfloxacin (NFLX, AM-715) tablets. The results we found are summarized as follows: 1. Ten patients with 5 diseases were medicated with 7.0-14.8 mg/kg of the drug 3 times daily for 6-8 days. They consisted of one-each with tonsillitis, pharyngitis, bronchitis, 4 with Campylobacter enteritis, 3 with other enteritis. Clinical responses to the treatment were excellent in 8, good in 1 and fair in 1, with an efficacy rate of 90%. Bacteriologically, of 9 isolates for which changes in populations were followed, 6 were eradicated and 3 remained unchanged, with an eradication rate of 66.7%. 2. No. adverse reactions nor abnormal laboratory test values attributable to the drug were observed. 3. These results suggest that this new quinolone drug may be useful, against bacterial infections in children 6 years and older.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1989

Insulin-like growth factor I receptors on erythrocytes in NIDDM.

We examined 125I-insulin-like growth factor I (125I-IGF-I) binding to erythrocytes from 24 normal and 21 non-insulin-dependent diabetic (NIDDM) subjects. 125I-IGF-I binding to human erythrocytes was specifically inhibited by unlabeled IGF-I, and Scatchard analysis indicated a curvilinear plot. There was a significant difference in IGF-I binding between normal and diabetic subjects (7.78 +/- 0.42 vs. 5.80 +/- 0.33%/2.4 x 10(9) cells/ml, P less than 0.001). Among diabetic patients, IGF-I binding to erythrocytes from those with retinopathy and those without retinopathy was comparable. These results suggested that decreased IGF-I binding might be a factor responsible for some pathological features such as delayed wound healing in diabetic patients.

Adult↗

PubMed1989

[A clinical study on clarithromycin especially on its granular form for children in pediatrics].

Clarithromycin (TE-031, A-56268), a new macrolide antibiotic, was administered to a total of 25 child patients (age range: 4 months-12 years) to treat infections; the patients consisted of 23 children who received the drug in the form of granules for children and 2 patients who were given tablets. Daily dosages were 14.3 mg/kg (in 2 divided doses) in 1 patient, and 18.3-30.3 mg/kg (in 3 divided doses) in the other 24 patients. Lengths of administration ranged from 4 to 13 days with 6-8 days for 18 of the patients. The results obtained are summarized as follows. 1. Clinical efficacy evaluations for various infections were as follows: 1 excellent, 4 good and 2 fair cases in 7 cases of pertussis; 3 excellent, 2 good and 1 fair cases in 6 cases of tonsillitis; 1 good case in tonsillitis with bronchitis; 1 excellent and 3 good cases in 4 cases of bronchitis; 1 excellent and 1 good cases in 2 cases of pneumonia; and 4 excellent and 1 good cases in 5 cases of enteritis. Thus, evaluations of a total of 25 patients showed 10 excellent, 12 good and 3 fair cases, with no poor cases. The overall clinical efficacy rate was, therefore, 88.0%. These results were attributed to good antimicrobial activity and absorption of TE-031. 2. Causative bacteria were isolated from 12 of the patients. Bacteriological efficacies of TE-031 on those strains were investigated with the following results. Of 5 Haemophilus influenzae strains, 3 were eliminated, 1 was reduced, and no change was observed in the other.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Age Factors↗

PubMed1989

[Clinical studies on cefpodoxime proxetil dry syrup in the field of pediatrics].

Cefpodoxime proxetil (CPDX-PR, CS-807) dry syrup was administered orally to 31 patients with various infections at daily dose levels between 5.4 and 10.9 mg/kg divided into three doses. 1. The subjects were 3 patients with urinary tract infections, 25 with tonsillitis and 1 patient each with bronchitis, pneumonia, and cervical lymphadenitis. Clinical effects were excellent in 16 cases, good in 14, and fair in 1 (tonsillitis), with an overall efficacy rate of 96.8%. 2. Organisms suspected as pathogens were 32 strains (6 strains of Staphylococcus aureus, 2 of Streptococcus pyogenes, 1 of Enterococcus faecalis, 15 of Haemophilus influenzae, 5 of Haemophilus parainfluenzae and 3 of Escherichia coli). Bacteriologically, eradication of pathogens were observed in 30 strains, decrease in one (H. parainfluenzae), and no change in another (E. faecalis), thus the eradication rate was 93.8%. 3. Side effect was observed in 1 case (slight eruption) but it was possible continue the treatment. Abnormal laboratory test values were observed in 1 case of a slight prolongation of prothrombin time and eosinophilia, but they were not serious. Diarrhea was not observed in any patients. 4. All the medication was done on schedule. No refusal of the drug occurred due to its taste or odor.

Administration, Oral↗

PubMed1989

[Clinical evaluation of cefmenoxime in infections of neonates].

Cefmenoxime (CMX) was evaluated for its absorption and excretion as well as for therapeutic effectiveness in neonates and premature infants. The following results were obtained. 1. Serum concentrations of the drug were examined in 3 premature infants 1 to 11 days old upon intravenous administration of about 10 mg/kg body weight (1st group), in 2 premature infants 18 and 32 days old and 1 neonate 17 days old upon intravenous administration of about 20 mg/kg (2nd group), and in 1 neonate 15 days old with meningitis upon intravenous administration of 45.2 mg/kg. Concentrations of CMX at 30 minutes after administration were 43, 29 and 27 micrograms/ml, respectively, in the 1st group, 46, 37 and 44 micrograms/ml, respectively, in the 2nd group and 208 micrograms/ml in the other neonate, and appeared to be dose-dependent. Concentrations of CMX at 6 hours after administration were 18.2, 6.6 and 8.1 micrograms/ml, respectively, in the 1st group, 9.6, 11 and 1.35 micrograms/ml, respectively, in the 2nd group and 5.2 micrograms/ml in the other subject. Serum half-lives were, respectively, 4.59, 2.85 and 3.48 hours in the 1st group, 2.52, 2.73 and 1.14 hours in the 2nd group and 1.0 hour in the other subject. Urinary recovery rates during the first 6 hours after administration were 45.8, 87.0, 50.2 and more than 100% in 4 cases examined. Two of these cases, in which recovery rates were 45.8 and 50.2%, were premature infants of low birth weight. Spinal fluid concentrations of the drug at 80 to 90 minutes after dosing to 1 neonate with purulent meningitis (causative organism presumed: Escherichia coli) given 48.3 mg/kg tended to decline gradually with the recovery of the disease, 3.8, 1.72 and 1.32 micrograms/ml on the 2nd, 6th and 8th day, respectively. 2. The drug was given to 9 neonates 0 to 24 days old. The therapeutic effectiveness on bacterial infections was evaluated in 7 cases (10 diseases) including 1 disease of purulent meningitis presumably caused by E. coli, 4 of septicemia caused by E. coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus agalactiae (1, 2 and 1, respectively), 3 of urinary tract infection caused by E. coli, Serratia and Enterococcus faecalis (1 each), 1 of purulent parotitis caused by S. aureus and 1 of pneumonia (causative organism was unknown). Therapeutic efficacies were assessed as "Excellent" in all of meningitis, septicemia and urinary tract infection cases, and "Good" in 1 each of purulent parotitis and pneumonia cases.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Bacterial Infections↗

PubMed1989

[Cerebrospinal fluid levels of sulbactam/ampicillin in rabbits with staphylococcal meningitis].

Concentrations of sulbactam (SBT) and ampicillin (ABPC) in the blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) following an intravenous administration of SBT/ABPC at a dose of 150 mg/kg (SBT/ABPC = 1:2) were determined in 12 rabbits with staphylococcal meningitis. Drug concentrations were measured 9 times, 6 times each with intervals of 15 minutes and thereafter with intervals of 30 minutes. The results were compared with those of a group of 9 rabbits given 100 mg/kg of ABPC alone. 1. The maximum concentration of SBT in the CSF and the percentages of both the maximum concentration and the area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) of SBT in CSF vs. those in serum of the SBT/ABPC group were higher than those of ABPC and the half-life of SBT in the CSF was also longer than that of ABPC, all with significant difference. When these parameters for SBT of SBT/ABPC groups were compared with those of ABPC of the ABPC group, not much differences existed between the 2 groups except that the CSF half-life of SBT was much longer than that of ABPC. 2. The percentages of both the maximum concentration and AUC of ABPC in CSF vs. those in serum of the SBT/ABPC group were significantly lower than those of ABPC of the ABPC group. The CSF half-life of ABPC of the former group was longer than that of the latter. 3. The above results suggest that when SBT and ABPC are administered simultaneously, the penetration of ABPC into the CSF is inhibited.

Ampicillin↗

PubMed1989

[Bacteriological, pharmacokinetic and clinical studies of sulbactam/ampicillin in the pediatric field].

The usefulness of sulbactam/ampicillin (SBT/ABPC) in the treatment of pediatric infections was evaluated. 1. Twenty pediatric patients with infection were treated with SBT/ABPC and an intravenous dosage of 27.8-47.4 mg/kg, 3 to 4 times a day. Clinical efficacies in 18 patients excluding 2 patients of Mycoplasma pneumonia (9 cases of pneumonia, 6 urinary tract infection, 1 tonsillitis, 1 maxillary sinusitis and 1 osteomyelitis) were judged to be excellent in 13 patients and good in 5. There was no case of failure. 2. Bacteriological efficacies against 16 strains (1 Staphylococcus aureus, 3 Enterococcus faecalis, 4 Haemophilus influenzae, 2 Haemophilus parainfluenzae, 5 Escherichia coli and 1 Serratia sp.) isolated from 13 of the 18 patients were rated as "eradicated" for 13 strains, "decreased" for 1 and "unchanged" for 2 with an eradication rate of 81.3%. Of 13 strains eradicated, 3 were those with high beta-lactamase productivity. 3. Rash as a side effect developed in 1 patient and eosinophilia and elevated GOT and GPT were observed in 7 patients but none of them were serious. 4. Blood levels of the drug following an intravenous dose of 30 mg/kg were determined in 2 pediatric patients. Blood levels of SBT and ABPC at 30 minutes after intravenous administration were 19.0 and 29.2 micrograms/ml in one patient and 21.0 and 31.6 micrograms/ml in another, respectively, and those at 4 hours were 0.48 and 0.62 microgram/ml in one patient and 0.59 and 0.89 microgram/ml in another, respectively. The half-lives of SBT were 0.67 and 0.70 hour and those of ABPC were 0.64 and 0.69 hour in the 2 patients, respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Age Factors↗

PubMed1989

[Transferability of cefodizime to cerebrospinal fluid of rabbits with meningitis caused by Staphylococcus aureus].

The transferability of cefodizime (THR-221, CDZM) to cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was studied employing rabbits with experimental meningitis caused by Staphylococcus aureus. The mean blood concentration was 195 +/- 18.3 micrograms/ml using phosphate buffer solution (PBS) standard and 474 +/- 22.0 micrograms/ml using rabbit serum standard, respectively, at 15 minutes after intravenous administration of the drug at a dose level of 100 mg/kg. The mean concentration in CSF vs. PBS standard was maximum at 60 minutes after administration, and the mean maximum concentration was 8.74 +/- 2.16 micrograms/ml. Pharmacokinetic parameters calculated from those values were as follows, respectively, for PBS standard and rabbit serum standard; Cmax (CSF/serum): 4.48% and 1.84%. AUC (CSF/serum): 6.15% and 2.02% between 15 and 60 minutes, 10.6% and 3.00% between 15 and 120 minutes and 13.4% and 3.48% between 15 and 180 minutes. T 1/2 for CDZM in CSF: 141 minutes in both cases. T 1/2 (CSF/serum): 3.27 and 2.11. Concentrations in CSF determined using an high performance liquid chromatography method in another rabbits were similar to those determined using the bioassay vs. rabbit serum standard. The bioassayed concentration of this drug (AUC (CSF/serum] vs. PBS standard ranked 9th among 23 other beta-lactam antibiotics tested. That is, the drug distributed favorably as compared to other antibiotics, and it may be worthwhile of running clinical trials on this drug in meningitis when antimicrobial potential against main pathogens of meningitis are considered.

Animals↗

PubMed1989

[Experimental study on transferability to cerebrospinal fluid of cefodizime in combination with ampicillin].

A study was done on cefodizime (THR-221, CDZM) in combination with ampicillin (ABPC) for its transferability to cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of rabbits with experimental meningitis caused by Staphylococcus aureus. Blood and CSF were collected at 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120 and 180 minutes after intravenous administration of CDZM at 100 mg/kg to 6 rabbits, ABPC at 100 mg/kg to 4 rabbits and simultaneous administration of both drugs at 100 mg/kg each to 5 rabbits. Drug concentrations were assayed with an high performance liquid chromatography method, and pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated. The comparison revealed no significant difference in concentrations achieved among different groups. Therefore, the mutual transferability of these drugs to CSF was not considered to interact adversely due to the simultaneous administration of both drugs. Accordingly, CDZM may be a candidate of chemotherapeutics in the therapy of purulent meningitis, and it is worthy of further investigations.

Ampicillin↗

PubMed1989

[Clinical experience with cefodizime on pediatric infections].

Cefodizime (THR-221, CDZM), a newly developed injectable cephem antibiotic, was injected intravenously to 13 cases of pediatric infections. Patients received the drug at a dose level of approximately 20 mg/kg x 3 times daily. The results obtained are summarized as follows. 1. Clinical efficacy was excellent in 4 patients, good in 6 and poor in 0 for 10 cases (2 phlegmon, 1 periproctal abscess, 5 pneumonia and 2 bronchitis) except 3 Mycoplasma pneumonia. 2. Three strains of pathogens were followed for their changes (Streptococcus pyogenes in 1 phlegmon, Klebsiella pneumoniae in periproctal abscess and Haemophilus influenzae in 1 bronchitis) and they were found to have been eliminated. 3. No adverse reactions occurred. Abnormal changes in laboratory test data found were 2 cases of eosinophilia, 1 cash each of increased GOT and GPT, and thrombocytosis, but none of them was severe.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1989

[A clinical study on cefteram pivoxil granule in the field of pediatrics].

The clinical effectiveness of cefteram pivoxil (CFTM-PI) granule, a new oral cephalosporin, was studied in pediatric patients. The results are summarized as follows. 1. CFTM-PI was given orally to 17 children in daily doses of 9.5 to 31.8 mg/kg in 3 to 4 divided portions for 2 to 10 days. Clinical evaluations were made on 14 patients. Clinical effects of CFTM-PI were excellent in 4, good in 5 of 9 patients with tonsillitis or pharyngitis, excellent in all cases of 2 patients with pneumonia, 1 patient with scarlet fever and 1 patient with pyelonephritis, and fair in 1 patient with purulent cervical lymphadenitis. Overall clinical effects were excellent in 8, good in 5, and fair in 1 with an efficacy rate of 92.9%. 2. No side effects were observed in any of the 17 patients. Hematological tests showed a slight elevation of blood platelet counts in 1 patient. 3. The taste and odor of CFTM-PI granule were well accepted by the children. 4. CFTM-PI is a useful oral antibiotic for the treatment of bacterial infections in pediatrics.

Bacterial Infections↗

PubMed1988

Drug transfer into cerebrospinal fluid after simultaneous administration of ampicillin with ceftriaxone or ceftazidime in rabbits with Staphylococcus aureus meningitis.

Meningitis was induced in white rabbits with a non beta-lactamase producing strain of Staphylococcus aureus. There was no significant difference in the CSF level of ceftazidime after simultaneous administration of ceftazidime with ampicillin or after ceftazidime alone. In contrast the percentage CSF penetration of ampicillin decreased from 8.81% after administration of ampicillin alone to 2.77% after the simultaneous administration of ampicillin with ceftazidime. The ratio of AUC in CSF and serum was 19.4% after ampicillin alone and 7.71% after simultaneous administration with ceftazidime. When ceftriaxone was combined with ampicillin there was no effect on the CSF penetration of either drug. Cephalosporins have unpredictable effects on the CSF concentration of ampicillin, probably due to variable effects on the penetration of ampicillin from blood to CSF.

Ampicillin↗

PubMed1988

[Clinical evaluation of aztreonam against pediatric purulent meningitis].

A monotherapy of aztreonam (AZT) was applied to 9 male and 3 female pediatric patients of ages ranging from 2 months to 8 years and 11 months with serious purulent meningitis. The results are summarized as follows: 1. Daily dosages of 134 to 400 mg/kg were given 3 to 4 times a day for 10 to 28 days. 2. The isolated pathogens were Neisseria meningitidis in 2 cases, Escherichia coli in 3 cases, Haemophilus influenzae in 6 cases, but the pathogen of the last case was unknown. In this case, the patient had myelomeningocele and suffered from recurrent purulent meningitis. 3. Clinical effect was "excellent" in 5 of 12 cases, "good" in 7 cases and efficacy rate was 100%. Microbiological tests were performed on 9 cases during the course of treatment and bacterial elimination rate was 100%. All the pathogens were eliminated in 72 hours. 4. One case of diarrhea was observed, but the diarrhea started before the administration of AZT and was stopped after the AZT treatment. A slight elevation of GOT value was observed in 1 case but the value returned to the initial level promptly after the treatment was completed. It is considered that AZT is highly useful for purulent meningitis caused by Gram-negative pathogens such as H. influenzae, E. coli and N. meningitidis.

Age Factors↗