Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

T Harada

Publications and source records attributed to T Harada.

At least 1,369 records · Page 76Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Mode of tumor invasion in oral squamous cell carcinoma: improved grading based on immunohistochemical examination of extracellular matrices.

BACKGROUND: To predict the nodal involvement of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) many investigators have studied the histologic features of primary tumors. However, conventional histologic grading still is not sufficient to provide an objective and practical evaluation. In this study we tried to modify one standard type of histologic grading, namely, mode of invasion (MI), on the basis of the extracellular matrix (ECM) staining pattern. METHODS: One hundred seventeen initial biopsies of primary OSCC were histologically examined, and the MI was graded. The expression of a series of ECMs-laminin, type IV collagen, heparin-sulphate proteoglycan, fibronectin, tenascin, decorin, and vitronectin-was immunohistochemically examined. RESULTS: The ECM staining pattern showed a close association with the MI, and was classified into types I and II. The type I staining pattern was observed in the noninvasive cases (MI grades 1 and 2), while type II was in the highly invasive cases (MI grades 4c and 4d). Because the ECM staining pattern in the moderately invasive cases (MI grade 3) included both types I and II, these cases were subdivided and compared. As a result, the type II cases showed a significantly higher incidence of nodal involvement than did the type I cases. CONCLUSION: An examination of a series of the ECMs, in addition to the conventional histologic examination, is thus considered to provide more objective and practical data to evaluate the invasive and metastatic potential of OSCC.

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Rarity of squamous cell carcinoma of the thyroid: autopsy review.

Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the thyroid is thought to be rare. However, SCC not infrequently occurs in conjunction with other histologic types of tumor. We reviewed 67 thyroid cancer autopsy cases obtained from two institutions from 1969 to 1981 and from 1975 to 1992, respectively. SCC was found in 19 cases (28.4%): 2 SCCs as the only malignancy and of uniform histologic type, 9 cases of tumors mixed with papillary carcinoma, and 8 cases of SCC mixed with papillary and anaplastic carcinomas. In only four of these cases was the SCC component found in the surgical specimens. These results indicate that the presence of SCC component is more likely to be found at the later stage of the disease.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigens in parathyroid glands of renal hyperparathyroidism.

Total parathyroidectomy with autotransplantation of a small piece of the resected hyperplastic gland is currently the usual surgical procedure for renal hyperparathyroidism in Japan. Empirically, the smallest glands showing diffuse growth are selected for the graft. In order to seek the rationale for this procedure, we examined 50 cases of both nodular and diffuse hyperplastic parathyroid glands and five cases of recurrent grafted tissues histologically and immunohistochemically with anti-proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) antibody. The proliferative activity of the glands growing in diffuse fashion was much lower than that of those growing in nodular fashion (p < 0.05). All the parathyroid glands selected for grafting in the recurrent cases showed nodular growth. No relation was revealed between PCNA expression and the size of the glands, or between the former and the type of cell components (chief and oxyphilic cells). In nodular lesions, immunopositive cells were frequently distributed near the thick fibrous capsule. From these results, we conclude that parathyroid glands showing a diffuse growth pattern are indeed suitable for the graft. When only a nodular hyperplastic parathyroid gland is available, it is suggested that the central portion of the nodule may provide a better source for the graft with little change of recurrence.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Sequential immunotherapy using interleukin-1 followed by interleukin-2 of ascitic MOPC104E-bearing mice.

This study shows that intraperitoneal injection of interleukin-1 (IL-1), followed by interleukin-2 (IL-2), can effectively eradicate murine ascitic tumor cells. This antitumor effect of IL-1 and IL-2 was abolished when administration of IL-2 preceded that of IL-1. Solid tumors inoculated subcutaneously (s.c.) into the back of mice were also sensitive to this combined i.p. therapy, indicating a systemically-operating antitumor mechanism. Splenocytes from tumor-bearing mice treated with IL-1 followed by IL-2 showed a strong tumor-neutralizing activity. The population responsible proved to be Lyt2.2 (CD8)-positive cells.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Treatment of cystic lesions of the thyroid by ethanol instillation.

We analyzed the results of ethanol sclerotherapy in 61 patients with cystic thyroid lesions which recurred after aspiration. Cytologic study showed all of the lesions to be benign. The patients were followed clinically and ultrasonically 1 month and 6 or more months after treatment. If the cystic lesions recurred, repeated treatment was offered. During the follow-up, 36 (59.0%) patients experienced no recurrence after the initial treatment and 5 (8.2%) patients received treatments 2 or more additional times. In 44 (72.1%) of the 61 patients, the cystic lesion almost disappeared or decreased in size, but in 17 (27.9%) patients it did not decrease. Four patients underwent surgery after the ethanol sclerotherapy. Although no severe complications were observed, there were complaints of slight pain in 12 patients, severe pain in 1 patient, and a drunken feeling in 1 patient. We consider instillation of ethanol into recurrent cystic lesions of the thyroid to be a simple, safe, economical, and effective treatment.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Supravesical hernia: CT diagnosis.

We report two cases of surgically proven supravesical hernia, one an internal supravesical hernia and the other an external supravesical hernia. Abdominal computed tomography showed the relation of the incarcerated intestine anterior to and compressing the urinary bladder. Although neither case was diagnosable preoperatively, we believe that the preoperative diagnosis of supravesical hernia by abdominal computed tomography is possible.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Preparation of murine monoclonal antibodies against the yeast phase of the dimorphic fungus Sporothrix schenckii.

Three murine monoclonal antibodies (Mabs) were raised against a cytoplasmic antigen of the yeast phase of the pathogenic fungus Sporothrix schenckii using a modification of standard hybridoma technology incorporating the immunosuppressive drug cyclophosphamide. When tested for species-specificity within the pathogenic dimorphic fungi one of these Mabs (S5) showed little cross-reactivity by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and Western blot, though there was some recognition of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis antigen. This Mab recognized a 70-75 kDa molecule on reduced Western blots of S. schenckii antigen. The other two Mabs (S12 and S15) showed cross-reactivity with all dimorphic fungal antigens tested, though they appeared to recognize a molecule of similar molecular weight. This is the first report of any attempt to raise species-specific Mabs against this important causative agent of dermatological disease.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effects of middle ear effusion on neutrophil function.

The neutrophil chemotactic activity of middle ear effusions (MEE) was measured in patients with pediatric chronic, adult chronic, and acute otitis media with effusion (OME). Chemotactic activity differed significantly among the three groups of otitis media in the following order: adult chronic less than pediatric chronic less than acute. Culture-positive effusions had higher chemotactic activity than did those that tested culture negative, suggesting that bacterial infection is related to neutrophil chemotactic activity. The chemotactic function of normal peripheral neutrophils was not enhanced by preincubation with MEE, but their bactericidal function was enhanced. In conclusion, bacterial infection in the middle ear is one of the major determining factors of neutrophil infiltration during OME, and MEE enhances the bactericidal function of neutrophils.

Acute Disease↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A simple measurement of parotid salivary flow using material quick absorber.

We applied Material Quick Absorber (Inami Co Ltd, Tokyo, Japan), a small triangular paper strip made mainly from viscose and used for fluid absorption during surgery, to collect right resting parotid saliva directly from Stensen's orifice and estimated nonstimulated parotid salivary flow by weighing the saliva absorbed in a given period of time. We assayed this method in 53 patients with dry mouth and/or throat and in 115 healthy young and elderly control subjects. The median salivary flow rates in male and female patients were 18 mg/min (almost equal to 0.018 mL/min) and 11 mg/min, respectively, significantly lower (P less than .05 for men, P less than .01 for women) than those obtained from young male (36 mg/min) and female (34 mg/min) controls and consistent with previously reported physiologic flow rates obtained by means of the "cup method." Although the median flow rate for elderly male controls (35 mg/min) was rather close to that of young male or female controls, there was no significant difference in flow rates between elderly male controls and male patients. On the other hand, in female control subjects, a significant decrease (P less than .05) in salivary flow was shown with aging. Repeated 3-minute measurements (eight times at 5- to 6-minute intervals) with this method in 10 healthy younger male volunteers showed that the coefficient of variance in the same subject ranged from 14.1% to 57.2% and that the larger the mean flow rate the smaller the coefficient of variance (P less than .05 by simple regression analysis).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Inhibition of carcinogenicities of 1,2-dimethylhydrazine and azoxymethane by pyrazole.

Inhibitory effects of pyrazole on the carcinogenicities of 2 large-bowel carcinogens, 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH) and azoxymethane (AOM), were examined, because our previous study revealed that pyrazole completely inhibited the induction of mutations by these carcinogens in the host-mediated mutation assay. ICR male mice were treated subcutaneously once a week for 20 weeks either with DMH or with AOM. Pyrazole was given orally to mice 2 h before treatment with the carcinogen. Pathological examinations were conducted 36 weeks after the first treatment. Treatment with DMH or AOM alone induced colorectal and/or anal tumorigenic lesions in 92% (23/25) mice of the DMH group and 100% (22/22) mice of the AOM group. By contrast, none of the animals in the combined treatment groups (carcinogen + pyrazole) developed those tumors. On the other hand, 50% (13/26) of mice treated with DMH alone and 78% (18/23) of mice treated with AOM alone developed vascular tumors. Pretreatment of mice with pyrazole reduced the percentage of mice bearing this type of tumor to about 30% of that in the carcinogen group with either carcinogen. These results clearly show that pyrazole has the ability to inhibit carcinogenicities of DMH and AOM, especially for the colorectum and anus, and indicate that the inhibition studies of mutation induction in vivo provide a useful tool for the screening for inhibitors of the carcinogenicities of DMH and AOM.

1,2-Dimethylhydrazine↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Trochlear nerve palsy associated with superficial siderosis of the central nervous system.

A 56-year-old man with superficial siderosis of the central nervous system (SSCN) presented with complaints of trochlear palsy, visual field defects, gait ataxia, and hearing loss. He had no history of trauma and there were no signs of tumors or aneurysms. T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated characteristic hypointensity in the meninges. We believe that SSCN should be added to the differential diagnosis of trochlear nerve palsy.

Brain Diseases↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Severe optic disc edema without hydrocephalus in neurofibromatosis 2.

A 26-year-old man who had neurofibromatosis type-2 with symptoms of unexplained optic disc edema is reported. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed bilateral acoustic schwannomas. Obstructive hydrocephalus, however, was not evident in spite of his severe disc edema and visual loss. After partial removal of the right acoustic schwannoma, symptoms of intracranial hypertension, such as vomiting and headache, developed and MRI demonstrated evidence of obstructive hydrocephalus. Placement of a ventricular-peritoneal shunt relieved the symptoms of intracranial hypertension, but visual acuity in his left eye was reduced to hand motion due to secondary optic atrophy. In patients with similar symptoms it is suggested that, in addition to tumor removal, early treatment to decrease intracranial pressure should be considered when visual function is progressively impaired by the symptoms of prolonged papilledema.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Confocal scanning laser microscopic findings of excised choroidal neovascular membranes of age-related macular degeneration and their comparison with the clinical features.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the histopathological characteristics of choroidal neovascular membranes excised from eyes of patients with age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and to correlate their characteristics with the clinical features of AMD. METHODS: Choroidal neovascular tissues were excised from 3 patients with AMD and examined by light and confocal scanning laser microscopy. The clinical features were obtained by fundus photography, fluorescein angiography (FA), and indocyanine green angiography (IA) and compared with the histopathological findings. RESULTS: Light microscopy showed the presence around the vascular structures of cells containing pigment. Confocal scanning laser microscopy revealed lipofuscin signals of the retinal pigment epithelium cells around the vascular tissue that was also confirmed by three-dimensional reconstructed views from serial optical sections. Clinical observations of the fundus by IA showed that all 3 cases had areas with hyperfluorescence in early phase on IA. A dark rim was observed around the area of hyperfluorescence in 2 cases, and the dark rim was located within the neovascular membrane. The patterns of fluorescence were heterogeneous in some phases on IA, which reflected the histological heterogeneity of the neovascular membrane. CONCLUSIONS: The retinal pigment epithelium cells appear to play a special role in the induction and regression of the choroidal neovascular membrane associated with age-related macular degeneration.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

p53, Bax and Bcl-2 expression, and apoptosis in gestational trophoblast of complete hydatidiform mole.

This study investigates the extent of apoptosis in complete hydatidiform mole (CHM), using an in situ 3'-end DNA labelling (TUNEL) technique on formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded sections. The sections were also immunostained with antibodies to p53, Bax and Bcl-2 proteins. In 10 normal placenta cases and 15 CHM cases, the apoptotic index was <1 and 2-4 per cent, respectively. The labelled trophoblastic cells possessed pyknotic nuclei and densely eosinophilic cytoplasm which corresponded well to the so-called apoptotic bodies by light and electron microscopy. The p53 positive reaction was restricted to the nuclei of cytotrophoblasts and intermediate trophoblasts, while the syncytiotrophoblasts showed only rare immunolocalization. Strong p53 expression was seen most often in cytotrophoblasts of CHM (>30 per cent of nuclei) which also showed a higher apoptosis index, while cytotrophoblasts in normal placentae were weakly and focally labelled (<10 per cent of nuclei). There were statistical differences between normal and CHM cases (P<0.05). Bcl-2 accumulation, on the other hand, was observed predominantly in syncytiotrophoblasts of normal placentae, and cytotrophoblasts and intermediate trophoblasts did not express Bcl-2 in all cases. Interestingly, syncytiotrophoblasts were found to be negative for Bax protein and positive in cytotrophoblast, which is consistent with the function of the protein in conveying increased apoptosis susceptibility to this cell population. The results show that the level of apoptosis correlates with the histological type of the gestational trophoblasts, and apoptosis index is higher in cytotrophoblasts in CHM. The fact that p53 quantitative expression and an increase in the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio were also observed in CHM suggested that they may contribute partly to the high level of apoptosis.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Differential expression of the 45 kDa protein (actin) during the dimorphic transition of Sporothrix schenckii.

We investigated the gene expression of a protein during the dimorphic transition from yeast to mycelial form of Sporothrix schenckii. Yeast cells were converted to mycelial cells in Sabouraud glucose broth at 25 degrees C. After 1, 3 and 5 days of culture, the intermediate form of cells between yeast and mycelium was obtained, and after 7 days these cells were morphologically similar to the mycelial cells. Proteins having the molecular weight of 45 kDa were found to by synthesized preferentially by intermediate form of day 7 and mycelial cells. On the other hand, the 45 kDa proteins were predominantly translated by the RNA isolated from the intermediate of day 7 and mycelial cells using in vitro cell-free translation assay. The 45 kDa proteins synthesized by mycelial cells were found to be identical with the 45 kDa translation products directed by the mRNA isolated from the intermediate and mycelial cells by V8 protease peptide mapping. The 45 kDa protein was considered to be actin by Western blot analysis using an anti-actin monoclonal antibody. These results suggest that the intermediate form of day 7 has the same phenotypes in the morphology and biosynthesis of actin as those of mycelial cells. The expression of the actin gene may be involved in the dimorphic transition of S. schenckii.

Actins↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Apoptosis in human endometrium and endometriosis.

Apoptosis plays a critical role in maintaining tissue homeostasis and represents a normal function to eliminate excess or dysfunctional cells. Accumulated evidence suggests that apoptosis helps to maintain cellular homeostasis during the menstrual cycle by eliminating senescent cells from the functional layer of the uterine endometrium during the late secretory and menstrual phase of the cycle. The BCL-2 family and Fas/FasL system have been extensively studied in human endometrium and endometriotic tissues. Eutopic endometrium from women with endometriosis reportedly has some fundamental differences compared with normal endometrium of women without endometriosis. The differences could contribute to the survival of regurgitating endometrial cells into the peritoneal cavity and the development of endometriosis. One mechanism that recently gained a lot of interest is the finding that apoptosis appeared in eutopic and ectopic endometrium of patients with endometriosis. This study is a current review of the literature focused on the physiological role of apoptosis in normal endometrium and the alterations in regulation of apoptosis in eutopic and ectopic endometrium from women with endometriosis. Similarities in characteristics of endometriosis at a molecular level with gynaecological tumours are also discussed. Finally, the role of apoptosis in the treatment of endometriosis is reviewed to link the basic research findings into clinical applications.

Apoptosis↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Cerebral metastases of alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma in an infant with multiple skin nodules.

PURPOSE: This report describes extremely rare cases of infantile rhabdomyosarcoma with multiple skin nodules. They are of interest not only for their anatomic sites, but also for subsequent cerebral metastases with sudden cranial hypertension. PATIENTS: Two infants had multiple skin nodules and excisional biopsy revealed alveolar type rhabdomyosarcomas. The patients were treated with tumor resection and combined chemotherapy without any clinical progression for 9 and 16 months, respectively. RESULTS: Evidence of cerebral metastases developed with sudden vomiting and convulsion as the first manifestation. In one patient, urgent radiographic examinations failed to reveal lesions except for dilated cerebral ventricles. Seven weeks after the onset of the neurologic symptoms, only Gd-DPTA-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed multiple punctate metastatic lesions hyperintense to the surrounding cerebral tissue. Despite appropriate chemotherapy, both patients had disease progression and died of central nervous system metastases. CONCLUSIONS: The authors emphasize the need to recognize the multiple cutaneous presentation of infantile rhabdomyosarcoma and the association of cerebral metastases as a potential and fatal complication. The diagnosis is facilitated by Gd-DPTA-enhanced MRI, particularly when cerebral computed tomography scans fail to disclose metastatic lesions.

Biopsy↗