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Biomedical subjects

T Harada

Publications and source records attributed to T Harada.

At least 919 records · Page 51Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Structural-functional correlations in serial biopsies from patients with glomerulonephritis.

It has been proposed that interstitial fibrosis is causally related to a progressive decrease in glomerular filtration rate (GFR), in patients with various renal diseases. We examined the relationship between morphological and functional parameters in 200 samples from 74 patients with mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis. The glomerular lesion was semiquantitatively analyzed using the Glomerular Index (GI). Interstitial volume (IV) was determined by the point-counting method. Both GI and IV showed a significant negative correlation with Ccr and a positive correlation with serum creatinine. The serial change in IV from the first to the last biopsy (delta IV) showed a weak but significant negative correlation with those in Ccr, over the same period (delta Ccr). The serial change in GI (delta GI) did not correlate with delta Ccr. There was a significant positive correlation between GI and IV and between delta GI and delta IV. These data confirmed a cause-and-effect relationship between interstitial damage and GFR and also showed that the glomerular lesion as well as the interstitial change play an important role in the deterioration of renal function. Thus, the interstitial lesion alone should not be emphasized as a determinant of renal function, as we noted a close correlation between the interstitial and glomerular lesion. Interstitial damage is apparently secondary to the glomerular lesion in patients with mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

IL-2- and IL-2-R- independent proliferation of T-cell lines from adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma patients.

Human T-cell leukemia/lymphoma virus I (HTLV-I) is known to be associated with adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL) as an etiological agent. The mechanism of leukemogenesis by HTLV, however, is still obscure. Two hypotheses have been proposed concerning abnormalities in IL-2 production and its receptor (Tac antigen) expression based on the experimental observations of IL-2-dependent ATL cell lines. In this study, we examine these hypotheses by using 3 leukemic T-cell lines from 3 Japanese patients with ATL. These cell lines were cultivated and established without addition of IL-2 to the culture medium. Cell-surface phenotype analysis by immunofluorescence with monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) and IL-2 binding assays revealed that one of the ATL cell lines, HPB-ATL-2, expresses only a minimal amount of IL-2 receptor (IL-2-R) on the cell surface and binds less radiolabelled human recombinant IL-2 than the other highly Tac-positive cell lines. Expression of Tac antigen in all ATL cell lines was not affected by IL-2, anti-Tac MAb or the tumor-promoter phorbol ester in the culture medium. The culture supernatant from these cell lines showed no IL-2 activity toward Con-A-stimulated human peripheral blood lymphocytes, and their growth was not affected by additional IL-2 in cultures. IL-2-independent growth and constitutive expression of its receptors on the cell surface were evident in our ATL cell lines. However, dense expression of IL-2 receptors was not essential for stimulation of leukemic proliferation of T cells by HTLV-I. Trans-activation of the PX40 gene product of HTLV-I for activation of IL-2-R gene might not be coincidentally associated with stimulation for cell proliferation.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Heterogeneity of circular mitochondrial DNA molecules from sugar beet with normal and male sterile cytoplasms.

Mitochondrial (mt) DNAs from normal (N) and male sterile (S) cytoplasms of sugar beet have been isolated and investigated by electron microscopy. The results showed that mtDNA was composed of a heterogeneous population of circular molecules. Their contour lengths varied from 0.28 to 51 micron, but unlike in the case of maize, a large difference was not observed in the distribution of molecular classes greater than 1.0 micron between N and S cytoplasms of sugar beet. On the other hand, N and S cytoplasms were shown to contain their own characteristic combinations of small circular mtDNA species with lengths between 0.28 micron and 0.6 micron. Mitochondrial DNAs from various sources of male-sterile cytoplasms were analyzed by agarose gel electrophoresis to determine the extent of cytoplasmic variation. Additional low molecular weight DNA bands appeared in all male-sterile lines examined, and as a result, three distinctive banding patterns were recognized. These data are in general agreement with those based upon restriction endonuclease digestion of mt and chloroplast DNAs and the genetic analysis of fertility restoration in test crosses.

Cytoplasm↗
PubMed1986

Effects of intermittent and continuous haloperidol administration on the dopaminergic system in the rat brain.

The after-effect of intermittent and of continuous treatment with haloperidol on the dopaminergic system of the rat brain was studied. Each rat was treated for 14 days with either a single daily intraperitoneal injection of haloperidol (intermittent haloperidol group) or with a subcutaneously implanted pump that released haloperidol for 14 days (continuous haloperidol group). The total amount of haloperidol administered was 28 mg/kg in each animal of both groups. On the seventh day after cessation of injections or removal of pumps, the changes in dopamine (DA) metabolism after a challenge dose of haloperidol (1 mg/kg, intraperitoneally) were noted, and the number of [3H]spiperone binding sites in the striatum were recorded. The continuous haloperidol group showed a greater tolerance response to the influence of haloperidol on stimulation of DA turnover and also showed a larger increase in the number of [3H]spiperone binding sites than the intermittent haloperidol group. It is concluded that continuously administered haloperidol exerts a stronger effect on DA transmission, which in turn produces a greater tolerance to an acute dose of haloperidol than intermittent haloperidol administration.

3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid↗
PubMed1986

Congenital Horner's syndrome in otolaryngologic practice.

It is well known that Horner's syndrome is characterized by ptosis, miosis, and facial anhydrosis. However, the congenital form of Horner's syndrome is relatively uncommon, and it is scarcely known among otolaryngologists. In this report, two cases of congenital Horner's syndrome are described, both encountered recently in the recent author's practice. In the first case, the patient was seeking unnecessary medical treatment for a facial abnormality, not for his eyes. Thermography performed on this patient confirmed his complaint. Having had the first experience made diagnosis in the second case easier. Thus, although rare, this syndrome may be encountered in an otolaryngologist's daily practice and it is important to recognize its symptoms. It is suggested that some suffering from this disease may go undetected due to physicians' lack of familiarity with it.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Intravenous amino acids and stimulation of gastric acid secretion in infants.

To determine the immediate, short-term effect of intravenous amino acids on gastric acid secretion in infants, we measured acid secretion by continuous aspiration of gastric contents in nine enterally fed, chronically ill infants who required intravenous supplements. On day 1, basal acid output was 25 +/- 15 mumol/kg/h (mean +/- SD), and postpentagastrin maximal acid output was 91 +/- 59 mumol/kg/h. On day 2 basal acid output was 24 +/- 16 mumol/kg/h. Acid output was measured for 4 h following addition of amino acids to the intravenous solution. The rate of amino acid infusion was 0.15 g/kg/h. The infusion of intravenous amino acids resulted in an immediate and sustained twofold increase in acid secretion. Hourly totals of amino acid-stimulated acid output were 51 +/- 38, 44 +/- 37, 46 +/- 30, and 47 +/- 31 mumol/kg/h in hours 1-4, respectively. These results were significantly different from basal acid output (p less than 0.01) during the last 2 h of amino acid infusion. Serum gastrin concentration was not significantly different before and after the amino acid infusion (87 +/- 63 pg/ml vs. 105 +/- 56 pg/ml). We conclude that amino acids infused at a rate typical for parenteral nutrition stimulate gastric acid secretion in infants.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1986

The changes of serotonin (5HT-1, 5HT-1A, 5HT-1B, 5HT-2) receptor densities in rat brain following chronic zotepine treatment.

The changes of serotonin (5HT-1, 5HT-1A, 5HT-1B and 5HT-2) receptor densities following a chronic zotepine (ZTP) alone or combined lithium (Li)-ZTP treatment were investigated in several regions of the rat brain. As a result, the densities of the 5HT-2 receptors in the frontal cortex (FC) decreased remarkably and those of the 5HT-1 and 5HT-1A receptors in the striatum (ST) increased in the ZTP alone group and the combined Li-ZTP group compared with the saline group. None of the serotonin receptors changed in the hippocampus (HIP). Judging from these findings, we suppose that the decreases of the 5HT-2 receptors in FC may have been induced not only by the chronic antidepressant treatment, but also by the other chronic 5HT-2 antagonist (ZTP, chlorpromazine, etc.) treatment. In addition, the increases of the 5HT-1 and 5HT-1A receptors in ST may not have been associated with ZTP's clinically potent antimanic effect because of a lack of Li's enhancement in the changes of the 5HT-1 and 5HT-1A receptors in contrast to its clinical effect and a lack of the changes in the 5HT-1B receptors where ZTP may have acted potently in vitro.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Glomerulonephritis in diabetic patients and its effect on the prognosis.

Renal biopsies were obtained from 164 patients with diabetes mellitus. Their histological changes were evaluated together with clinical findings and prognosis. In 36 patients, various types of glomerulonephritis were complicated: mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis (17 patients), membranous glomerulonephritis (8), endocapillary proliferative glomerulonephritis (5), membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (4) and minimal change nephrotic syndrome (2). Superimposed glomerulonephritis was suspected in diabetic patients with a short history of less than 5 years, persistent proteinuria, occasional hematuria and no retinopathy. They may, however, produce little effects on the long-term prognosis of diabetic patients except membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Evaluation and correlation of clinical and histological features of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis.

Clinico-histological features in 32 patients with nephrotic syndrome (NS) due to focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) were examined. Thirteen (group A1) were diagnosed as cases of FSGS within 2 years of the onset of NS, and 8 (61%) showed progressive renal dysfunction. Ten (group A2) developed FSGS more than 2 years after the onset of NS and had a favorable prognosis. Nine (group B) differed from groups A1 and A2 in that the remaining nonsclerosed glomeruli showed slight mesangial proliferation. All but 1 patient of group B developed FSGS within 2 years of the onset of NS, and the prognosis was poor. No patient studied showed a transition between groups A and B. In some patients, lipoid nephrosis preceded FSGS, in group A2. Thus, for an accurate prediction of the prognosis, FSGS should be divided into three subclasses, based on clinico-histological features.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Serum Erythropoietin levels and inhibitors of erythropoiesis in patients with chronic renal failure.

The role of various factors in erythropoiesis was studied in 13 predialysis patients and 41 hemodialysis patients. Serum erythropoietin (ESF) was measured by the fetal mouse liver cell bioassay in vitro. The effect of uremic sera on heme synthesis and erythroid progenitor cell (CFU-E) formation was examined using normal human bone marrow cultures. Serum ESF levels in both predialysis (99.9 +/- 45.0 mU/ml) and dialysis (141.2 +/- 109.7 mU/ml) patients were significantly higher than those in normal controls (42.0 +/- 25.8 mU/ml), although the titers were not sufficiently increased to correct the anemia. Serum ESF concentrations did not correlate with hemoglobin level or inhibition of both heme synthesis and CFU-E formation. Bone marrow CFU-Es in uremic patients were normal in the number, the responsiveness to ESF and the percentage in S-phase. Significant decrease in heme synthesis was observed in dialysis patients. The degree of inhibition of CFU-E formation showed a relationship to hemoglobin levels in uremic patients. By the CFU-E formation assay, the difference in inhibitory effects of the sera obtained from dialysis patients immediately before and after a hemodialysis was significant only under a low ESF concentration (0.125 U/ml) but not under a high concentration (1.0 U/ml). In conclusion, inhibition of heme synthesis and CFU-E formation, in addition to inadequate ESF production, plays an important role in renal anemia.

Adult↗