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Biomedical subjects

T Harada

Publications and source records attributed to T Harada.

At least 523 records · Page 29Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

[Visual function in patients with optic neuritis associated with acute transverse myelopathy in multiple sclerosis].

We reviewed the records of 20 patients with optic neuritis who were diagnosed to have clinically definite multiple sclerosis (MS). We classified them into 2 subgroups: group A, consisting of 9 patients who had acute transverse myelopathy (ATM); and group B, 11 patients without ATM. 4 patients (44%) in group A had complete visual loss, but none in group B. 6 patients (67%) in group A had less than 0.1 visual acuity in the affected eye, but only 2 patients (18%) in group B. 4 patients in group A had evidence of anticardiolipin antibodies. While both groups were diagnosed as having clinically definite MS, there were differences in the clinical features between them. We assume that the patients with ATM constitute a different subgroup among MS patients.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1994

Charge distribution of plasma IgG and IgG immune complexes in IgA nephropathy.

IgA nephropathy is characterized by a predominant deposition of IgA in the glomerular mesangium. However, in many cases, deposition of IgG also occurs and the concentration of circulating IgG immune complexes is higher than that in controls. To examine further the possible role of the charge of immunoglobulins in the pathogenesis of IgA nephropathy, we used isoelectric focusing (IEF) and densitometry to investigate the charge distribution of plasma IgG and IgG immune complexes in patients with this disease. Blood samples were taken from patients and healthy adults, and plasma and samples treated with 7.0% polyethylene glycol (PEG) were used. All samples were focused with a Multiphor II flatbet electrofocusing unit apparatus on an agarose gel, then immunofixed with polyclonal goat anti-human IgG, and stained with Coomassie blue R 250. The stained gels were analyzed by densitometry. 1. In plasma, the areas of PI 10-8.9 and PI 10-8.6 in IgA nephropathy were higher in the patients than in the controls. 2. In the 7.0% PEG precipitation, the area PI 8.1-6.1 was higher in the patients than in the controls. These findings suggest that a change in charge distribution of IgG and IgG immune complexes may contribute to the pathogenesis of IgA nephropathy.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Effect of tonsillectomy on peripheral blood T cell surface markers and cytokine production in patients with IgA nephropathy accompanied by chronic tonsillitis.

The present study investigated changes in peripheral blood T cell surface markers and cytokines (interleukin-2, IL-2; tumor necrosis factor-alpha, TNF-alpha; and interferon-gamma, IFN-gamma) following tonsillectomy in patients with IgA nephropathy accompanied by chronic tonsillitis. Peripheral blood CD8+ cells, CD45RA+CD4+ cells and CD8+CD11b- cells increased significantly after tonsillectomy, compared with their preoperative values. In some cases, the preoperative serum TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma levels were higher than normal before surgery, but decreased after surgery. These results suggest that tonsillectomy suppresses a decrease in suppressor T cells in patients with IgA nephropathy and corrects abnormal cell-mediated immune responses in these patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

[A case of neuro-Behçet's disease with numerous hypertrophied and proliferated dendrites in the inferior olivary nucleus].

A 32-year-old man suffering from iritis, erythema, and recurrent oral aphthae showed signs of involvement of the central nervous system for 8 years before his death. Behçet disease was diagnosed. He showed neurologic symptoms, such as facial nerve palsy, gait disturbance, and pathological reflexes, and psychiatric symptoms, such as euphoria, disinhibition, and irritability. Characteristic neuropathologic findings were hypertrophy of the bilateral olivary nuclei with marked hypertrophy and proliferation of dendrites, which have been extremely rare in the reported autopsy cases of neuro-Behçet disease. Most changes were observed in the brainstem. Many microspongionecrotic foci were fused to from glial scars with marked lymphocytic perivascular infiltration. In addition, lesions were found throughout the spinal cord; degenerative changes were found in the lateral corticospinal tract, posterior colum (especially the fasciculus gracilis), and anterior and posterior spinocerebellar tracts. We believe, on the basis of the following neuropathologic findings, that the cause of the olivary pseudohypertrophy with dendritic hypertrophy and proliferation was a denervational process: (1) bilateral red nuclei were intact and (2) bilateral tegmental tracts had degenerated from the lower portion of the pons to the periphery of olivaly nuclei.

Behcet Syndrome↗
PubMed1994

Echography of inferior vena cava for estimating fluid removed from patients undergoing hemodialysis.

Twenty-eight chronic hemodialysis patients were studied, and 118 consecutive measurements of the diameter of their inferior vena cava (VCD) were performed with ultrasonography. There was a significant correlation between the percent change in VCD in the expiratory phase (delta VCD-E%) and the percent change of in body weight (delta BW%). The average VCD-E in predialysis was 10.7 +/- 3.2 mm/m2 and this value decreased gradually following ultrafiltration and reached a minimal diameter of 7.5 +/- 2.8 mm/m2 in postdialysis. Three cases developed hypotension due to fluid removal. Their VCD-E value showed a rapid reduction below 7.5 mm/m2 in the early phase of hemodialysis, then maintained a plateau. The hypotension was thought to be caused by hypovolemia due to overdehydration. We conclude that VCD-E was an effective indicator for determining the volume of fluid removed, and the dry weight was attained safely and correctly by means of undergoing ultrafiltration to keep the value of VCD-E above 7.5 +/- 2.8 mm/m2.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Immediate haemodialysis and staged fasciotomy in the treatment of reperfusion injury.

A 67-year-old man was admitted with traumatic arterial occlusion in his leg 24 h after an accident. A double-lumen catheter was inserted into the left iliac vein, after revascularization, and haemodialysis started using a new membrane dialyser to remove myoglobin effectively. Intramuscular pressure of the limb was measured and, when it was 35 mmHg, staged fasciotomy was performed. A modification of the procedure used to prevent myonephropathic metabolic syndrome and compartment syndrome is described.

Aged↗
PubMed1994

Biliary excretion of cholephilic organic dyes in glutathione-depleted rats.

Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with a combination of buthionine sulfoximine (2.5 mmol/kg body wt) and diethyl maleate (6.2 mmol/kg). After 4 h, the hepatic glutathione was depleted to 0.02 +/- 0.01 mumol/g liver (mean +/- SD, n = 6) (4.73 +/- 0.29 mumol/g in controls (n = 6), p < 0.005). The bile flow rate was lower in treated animals than in controls (39.0 +/- 11.2 vs. 73.7 +/- 13.7 microliters.kg-1.min-1, p < 0.005). Bile concentrations of bile acids, phospholipids, and cholesterol were not changed compared to controls, while glutathione was virtually absent from the bile. A bolus of indocyanine green (6.5 mumol/kg), rose bengal (6.5 mumol/kg), or sulfobromophthalein-glutathione conjugate (20 mumol/kg) was injected i.v. and the biliary excretion was monitored. In glutathione-depleted rats, the excretion of indocyanine green was delayed, and the cumulative excretion in 90 min was 36 +/- 8% (n = 6) of the injected dose (79 +/- 18% in controls (n = 7), p < 0.005). The bile concentration of indocyanine green was lower in the glutathione-depleted rats than in controls, while the other dyes increased. The plasma disappearance curve of indocyanine green was not significantly altered by the treatment, whereas the hepatic retention of indocyanine green 90 min after the injection was significantly increased (58 +/- 12% of the injected dose vs. 8 +/- 2% in controls, p < 0.005). The results indicate that depletion of hepatic glutathione inhibits biliary excretion of indocyanine green.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

[Angiographic examination of the vertebral artery at the atlantoxial joint during head rotation].

Stenosis or occlusion of the vertebral artery at the atlantoaxial joint associated with head rotation is generally considered an uncommon cause of vertebrobasilar insufficiency. This rotational contralateral (to the face) vertebral artery occlusion is considered to be a "physiological phenomenon". The purpose of the present article is to investigate whether stenosis or occlusion of the vertebral artery at the atlantoaxial joint really occurs with head rotation. The authors performed vertebral angiography both in the neutral position and with contralateral rotation of the head (about 80 - 90 degrees) on 39 patients (44 vertebral arteries), who didn't have any disease of the cervical region or of the posterior cranial fossa. The authors discussed the angiographic findings concerning the vertebral artery at the atlantoxial joint during contralateral rotation of the head. In some cases a vertebral artery was stretched with head rotation. However occlusion or stenosis of the vertebral artery was never found to occur at the atlantoaxial joint level in any of the cases. This result indicates that rotational vertebral artery occlusion is not a "physiological phenomenon". There may be many other developmental and degenerative factors contributing to this rotational occlusion, such as atherosclerosis, kinking, and tortuosity of the vertebral artery, hyperosteosis, tightness of the paravertebral muscle, stenosis of transverse foramen and the depth of the vascular groove of the atlas.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

[Syphilitic uveitis].

Three cases of syphilitic uveitis were described in which penicillin therapy combined with oral steroid regimen afforded rash disappearance of retinal edema in all cases. However, remarkable recuperation of vision was obtained in 2 cases.

Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗
PubMed1994

[Two cases of what was regarded as cerebral vasculitis].

Two cases of cerebral vasculitis of the central nervous system are reported. In our cases, systemic investigation found no underlying cause for vasculitis. Case 1: A 59-year-old female presented severe headache due to subarachnoid hemorrhage. CT scan obtained one month later demonstrated a low density area with ring-like enhancement in the right frontal lobe. A surgical specimen revealed inflammation of the leptomenigeal vessels with many lymphocytes. Case 2: A 64-year-old female came to us with dysarthria and slight left hemiparesis. CT scan and MRI obtained after admission demonstrated an abnormal mass lesion with enhancement in the right frontal lobe. The histological examination revealed vasculitis. After systemic disease and central nervous system infection were excluded, we diagnosed this case as cerebral vasculitis of unknown origin. In this paper, the clinical and pathological features of cerebral vasculitis and differential diagnosis were discussed.

Cerebrovascular Disorders↗
PubMed1994

Nephrotic syndrome in the elderly--clinicopathological study.

Clinical and pathological findings and the effects of therapy were investigated in 90 cases of nephrotic syndrome (NS) in elderly patients aged over 60 years. Membranous nephropathy was the most frequent type of primary NS. Amyloidosis and malignancy were common causes of secondary NS. Damage to the interstitium in the kidney, such as focal mononuclear cell infiltration, fibrosis and thickening of the small arterial wall in membranous cases, was often observed. Stage I and II based on electron-microscopy, were mainly observed in the patients, with membranous nephropathy. Prednisolone and immunosuppressive agent were most effective in these patients with membranous nephropathy. Prednisolone alone was the most effective on minimal change NS in the elderly. In the course of therapy, side effects such as pneumonia, sepsis due to fungus infections, such as aspergillus and candida, and infection, such as cytomegalovirus and herpes zoster, were more frequently observed, especially in the cases of MPGN, DPGN with moderate to severe mesangial proliferation, with a decline in renal function (Ccr < 50 L/day) and secondary NS. In secondary NS, the prognosis of amyloidosis was very poor and the findings pointed to a relationship between malignancy and nephrotic syndrome.

Aged↗
PubMed1994

[Recent intractable bacterial infections in otolaryngology].

Antibiotic treatment has resulted in a significant change in the etiology and character of bacterial infections in otolaryngology as well as in another fields. Classic signs and symptoms may be masked. Administration of penicillin can be still effective in the treatment of usual bacterial infections, as it is effective against group A beta-hemolytic streptococci and most anaerobes except those that produce beta-lactamase. Administration of antibiotics, such as penicillin with clindamycin or chloramphenicol to combat both aerobic and anaerobic bacteria, coupled with surgical drainage is essential in management of deep neck infections. In this communication, several important bacterial diseases are described. Care should be taken to prevent airway obstruction, especially in deep neck infections and acute epiglottitis.

Bacterial Infections↗
PubMed1994

[A case of bow hunter's stroke].

A case of vertebrobasilar insufficiency with vertigo and horizontal nystagmus induced by neck rotation is reported. This patient's angiography demonstrated obstruction of left vertebral artery at the Cl-2 level on right rotation of the head. Surgical decompression of the vertebral artery by partial transversectomy of the atlas vertebra in this case relieved the symptoms, and postoperative angiography demonstrated the disappearance of the vertebral artery occlusion at the neck rotation. The pathogenesis and treatment of vertebral artery occlusion at Cl-2 level are discussed.

Aged↗
PubMed1994

[Current status and prospects for targeted therapy for thyroid cancer].

New strategies are currently being developed with regard to targeted (missile) therapy for cancer using anticancer agent-labeled specific antibodies. A range of problems prevent their clinical application, however, because each specific cancer may not yet have a known unique antigen. In turn, this serves to impede the development of specific antibodies. Regarding thyroid cancer, no reports of targeted therapy have appeared since specific antigens remain to be identified. Monoclonal antibodies A2B5, HISL-19 and 4F2 bind to neuroendocrine tumors (A2B5, HISL-19) and severe malignant tumors (4F2) indicating rapid growth, enabling these tumors to express common anti-genetic determinants to our monoclonal antibodies. The immunohistochemical study for thyroid cancers revealed that A2B5 and HISL-19 only react with medullary carcinoma and that 4F2 only reacts with anaplastic carcinoma. When 131I-labeled A2B5 was injected into the rat bearing insulinoma, the antigen of which is common to medullary carcinoma of the thyroid, clear accumulation of radiolabeled antibody corresponding to the transplanted tumor was observed by scintiscanning. Furthermore, the biochemical study undertaken to identify anti-genetic protein using the Western blotting procedure demonstrated new HISL-19 antigen in medullary carcinoma of the thyroid, which is not recognized in benign endocrine tumor, and 4F2 antigen in anaplastic carcinoma. Since these antigens do not circulate in the blood stream, the administered antibody reaches the targeted lesion without decreasing antibody titer. Although many problems remain, such as the effect on normal cells and affinity to the targeted lesion, our current aim is to establish an efficient and effective chemotherapy using monoclonal antibodies in medullary carcinoma and anaplastic carcinoma arising in the thyroid.

Adenoma↗