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Biomedical subjects

T Hara

Publications and source records attributed to T Hara.

1,350 records · Page 75Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Central nervous system T-cell lymphoproliferative disorder in a patient with chronic active Epstein-Barr virus infection.

PURPOSE: Central nervous system (CNS)-T cell lymphoproliferative disorder (T-LPD) developing during the course of chronic active Epstein-Barr virus (CAEBV) infection is reported. PATIENTS AND METHODS: CAEBV was diagnosed in a 14-month-old boy with fever, cytopenia, hepatosplenomegaly, and abnormal high titers of anti-Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) antibodies. At 8 years of age, he had a splenectomy because of progressive disease. RESULTS: After 27 months of clinical remission, muscle weakness and paresthesia developed. Magnetic resonance imaging of his brain showed spotty T2 prolongation in left parietal, bilateral frontal, and temporal white matter with meningeal enhancement. Brain biopsy revealed the cerebral infiltration of CD3+, CD4+, CD8-, CD45RO+, CD56-, and EBV-encoded RNA 1+ cells. CONCLUSIONS: The CNS involvement of EBV-associated T-LPD is a rare but serious complication in CAEBV without known underlying immunodeficiency.

Acute Disease↗
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Risk of developing hepatocellular carcinoma according to the titer of antibody to hepatitis C virus.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Hepatitis C virus infection has been reported to be one of the main risk factor for developing hepatocellular carcinoma in Japan. The aim of the study was to examine the differences in the risk of developing hepatocellular carcinoma according to the titer of antibody to HCV. METHODOLOGY: A total of 13,173 inhabitants had their titers of anti-HCV examined based on a second generation passive hemagglutination assay, and we thus found 1,758 inhabitants whose anti-HCV titers were equal to or above 2(5). After carefully comparing our findings with the list of hepatocellular carcinoma in the Saga Prefectural Cancer Registry, we ascertained 45 cases of hepatocellular carcinoma (males 37, females 8). The logistic regression model was used to estimate the Odds ratio of risk factors for hepatocellular carcinoma. RESULTS: The risk of hepatocellular carcinoma in the subjects from 60-69 years of age was significantly higher than in the other age groups (Odds ratio = 3.88, P < 0.01). The risk of hepatocellular carcinoma in the males was also significantly higher than in the females (Odds ratio = 8.96, P < 0.001). The risk of hepatocellular carcinoma in the subjects with a titer of anti-HCV equal to or above 2(12) was significantly higher than in the subjects with a titer of less than 2(12) (Odds ratio = 33.46, P < 0.001). Furthermore, the age- and sex-adjusted risk for developing hepatocellular carcinoma for the subjects with a titer equal to or above 2(12) was significantly higher than that for subjects with a titer of less than 2(12) (Odds ratio = 32.56, P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The risk of developing hepatocellular carcinoma was significantly high in the subjects with a titer equal to or above 2(12). To measure the titer of anti-HCV is thus considered to be useful for effectively detecting infection in a mass screening program.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The effect of the mandibular buccal denture base surface on food retention.

The accumulation of food debris in the buccal vestibule surrounding a mandibular denture flange was studied. This investigation focused on the effect of the thickness, physiologic molding, and slope of the buccal flange of denture base on the patient's ability to expel test-food particles from the area. Experimental denture bases were placed in the mandibular buccal vestibule of subjects having a complete natural dentition. Only the slope of the polished surface of buccal flange was found to have a significant positive correlation with the ability to expel test food from the buccal vestibule.

Adult↗
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Micronucleus tests on N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea with mouse peripheral blood reticulocytes using acridine orange-coated slides.

The micronucleus test with peripheral blood using acridine orange-coated slides was validated in male CD-1 mice treated once with N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU) at doses of 6.25, 12.5, 25.0, and 50.0 mg/kg body weight. Peripheral blood preparations were made 0, 24, 48, and 72 h after treatment. The frequencies of micronucleated peripheral reticulocytes in the ENU-treated groups increased dose-dependently, peaking at 48 h after treatment. The results indicate that the method used in the present study can be an alternative to the method using bone marrow polychromatic erythrocytes.

Acridine Orange↗
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Purification and characterization of human fibroblast derived differentiation inducing factor for human monoblastic leukemia cells identical to interleukin-6.

A differentiation inducing factor for human monocytic leukemia cells was purified to homogeneity from conditioned medium of WI-26VA4, a human fibroblast cell line. The purification scheme consisted of micro bead silica gel chromatography, hydroxyapatite chromatography, gel filtration chromatography, chromatofocusing and reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography. The purified protein was almost homogeneous when determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and N-terminal sequence analysis. The protein has a molecular weight of approximately 27,000 and an isoelectric point of 5.4. The sequence of the first 13 N-terminal amino acid residues was consistent with that of B-cell stimulatory factor 2 (interleukin-6) except for the absence of the N-terminal proline. The purified factor induced differentiation of human monocytic leukemia U-937 cells into a monocyte/macrophage pathway.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
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A fail-safe system for ophthalmic group practice.

If a mistake is made by a staff member, the error is detected and corrected automatically by other staff members before the patient is affected. In employing the Fail-Safe System, all personnel must accept that mistakes are inevitable but can be kept to a minimum through staff cooperation. The two key points of the Fail-Safe System are the correct receipt and transmission of information and, once the information is received, the ability of the receiver to assess the correctness of the information. The five subsystems of the Fail-Safe System are the improvement of each employee's medical knowledge; the mastering of correct pronunciation; the mastering of correct writing; the maintenance of a constructive atmosphere in the hospital; and a trouble reporting and analysis process.

Group Practice↗
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Enhanced antitumor activity of mitomycin C conjugated with anti-alpha-fetoprotein antibody by a novel method of conjugation.

Mitomycin C (MMC) was conjugated to horse anti-rat alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) antibody at the N-1a position through a glutaric acid-derived spacer arm. In vitro studies showed that MMC was spontaneously and slowly released from the conjugate. The conjugate caused a greater inhibition of both the in vitro and in vivo tumor growth of the AFP-producing rat hepatoma AH66 than did a mixture of anti-rat AFP antibody and MMC or a similar conjugate of MMC with normal horse immunoglobulin.

Animals↗
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Conjugates of mitomycin C with the immunoglobulin M monomer fragment of a monoclonal anti-MM46 immunoglobulin M antibody with or without serum albumin as intermediary.

In studies on antitumor antibody-drug conjugates as potential antitumor agents with improved tumor specificity, conjugates of mitomycin C (MMC) with the IgMs fragment of a monoclonal IgM antibody to a tumor-associated antigen (MM antigen) on mouse mammary tumor MM46 cell (anti-MM46 IgMs) were prepared by direct and bovine serum albumin (BSA)-mediated indirect conjugation. MMC was linked to the IgMs and BSA by the use of 1a-[4-(N-succinimidoxycarbonyl)butyryl]mitomycin C, which allowed the slow release of MMC. In the indirect conjugation, the thiol group of BSA was first protected as the 2-pyridyldithio group and, after the MMC binding, regenerated with dithiothreitol, and the resulting BSA-MMC was reacted with the IgMs having the maleimide group introduced with N-succinimidyl m-(N-maleimido)benzoate. Anti-MM46 IgMs-MMC was more cytotoxic against the target MM antigen-positive but Thy 1.2 antigen-negative MM46 cells than control anti-Thy 1.2 IgM-MMC. No such selective cytotoxicity was observed between anti-MM46 IgMs-MMC and anti-Thy 1.2 IgMs-MMC against the MM antigen- and Thy 1.2 antigen-negative MM48 cells. Anti-MM46 IgMs-BSA-MMC was more cytotoxic against MM46 cells than was a mixture of unconjugated anti-MM46 IgMs and BSA-MMC.

Animals↗
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Intraoperative stress for surgeons and assistants.

1. Less experienced surgeons and assistants exhibit more stress during microsurgery. 2. This stress cannot be reduced easily, but can be overcome with experience. 3. Experienced surgeons should be aware of this stress when they train inexperienced surgeons and assistants.

Clinical Competence↗
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Closed circuit TV transmission of microsurgery for family members.

1. The Hara Eye Hospital in Japan has been transmitting microsurgical procedures on closed circuit television to patients' family members since 1975. The procedure is recorded through the operating microscope and accompanied by an explanation from the surgeon; family members view the operating room on a second monitor. 2. As the operation progresses, the surgeon explains his or her techniques to the family members, who can ask questions at any time during the procedure. Before leaving the hospital, patients can view an edited videotape of the type of surgical procedure they underwent. A question-and-answer session also is conducted between patients and a nurse. 3. Eighty percent of patients and 73% of family members responded that they did not understand our slide explanation of the surgical procedure as well as when they observed the event on television. This system allows family members to participate in the operation without contaminating the operating room.

Adult↗
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Assisting low-vision patients in Japan.

1. Assisting low-vision patients in sitting down and in properly placing their heads for a slit-lamp examination is fundamental in low-vision patient care. 2. Ideally, chairs and other furniture in rooms used by low-vision should not be easily moved. Movable chairs are not stable, and thus could be dangerous, especially to people with low vision. Also, it is extremely important that objects are always placed at the same locations. 3. The staff should experience the difficulties encountered by low-vision patients by undergoing some of the same examinations that these patients undergo, and by walking while wearing some sort of vision reducer.

Humans↗
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Ocular fixation using a baseball catcher's mask for postoperative prone positioning.

1. The optimal ocular position after vitreoretinal surgery with intravitreous gas tamponade is with the axis of the eye pointed downward. 2. Careless prone fixation may cause accidents of eyeball depression. 3. To help patients keep the proper prone facial and ocular positions, a modified catcher's mask was developed for use as a facial support.

Fixation, Ocular↗
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An eye on comfort: positioning a patient for ophthalmic surgery.

1. Because precise microsurgical procedures must be done within an extremely small surgical field, securing the patient's head during such surgery becomes imperative. 2. While the patient is placed in a position convenient for the surgeon, the position must also be comfortable for the patient; a compromise has to be made. 3. The successful outcome of surgery is the goal desired by both the surgeon and the patient. To achieve this, various surgical systems have received attention. Some of these systems attempt to minimize patient discomfort, such as using an air pillow to easily adjust the patient's head into the correct position.

Eye Diseases↗
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Use of cold spray for relieving pain from local anesthetic injections in ocular surgery.

To relieve pain from local anesthetic injections, the authors tried lowering the skin surface temperature by spraying a commercially available cold spray immediately before the injections. A noncontact thermometer was used to measure the thermal change of the skin surface. An esthesiometer was applied to determine the surface perception of the skin. Our basic experiments indicated that there was a relationship between the thermal change and the perception. When the surface temperature dropped to 10 degrees C, there was a definite decrease in the perception. Based on these findings, the authors applied the spray to 100 patients undergoing cataract surgery prior to both akinesia and retrobulbar anesthesia at a distance of 10 cm from the skin surface for 2 seconds, to be immediately followed by the injections. We found the spray to be effective in decreasing the pain due to these injections. Furthermore, there has been no major complications of the spray.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Patients' understanding of the informed consent for cataract surgery.

1. Preoperative detailed explanation loses its meaning unless it is thoroughly understood by the patient. 2. In reality, many patients have not thoroughly understood the content of informed consent. 3. Full understanding by patients as well as by their family members is important.

Cataract Extraction↗