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Biomedical subjects

T Hamada

Publications and source records attributed to T Hamada.

At least 433 records · Page 24Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

[Medical treatment and folk medicine recorded in "Mimibukuro"].

"Mimibukuro" is a book written by Moriyasu Negishi in the Edo-period. M. Negishi (1737-1815) was a magistrate in the city of Edo. He was very much interested in listening to and recording many kinds of the stories, which were told by various kinds of people, such as public officers, samurais, merchants, doctors, etc. Among the stories of this book, there are found some stories concerning folk medicine, medicinal substances and charms. In this report, I studied such kinds of the stories. As the results of my studies, I have shown that some medicinal stories originated in the old Chinese medical books. Other stories were supposed to have been popular among the people of Edo.

China↗
PubMed1993

[A case of alcoholism presenting pellagra and hypokalemic myopathy].

A 32-year-old man with chronic alcoholism over 10 years developed skin eruptions, dark-red tongue and severe watery diarrhea, followed by weakness of bilateral lower extremities. Physical examination revealed hyperpigmented skin eruptions with scales on the dorsa of his hands and extensor aspects of his forearms. Neurological examination showed proximal muscle weakness of both lower extremities, hyperactive knee and ankle jerks, positive Chaddock reflexes and stocking type sensory disturbances. Laboratory data revealed elevation of myolytic enzyme, hypokalemia and decrease of niacin level in the blood. Diagnosis of hypokalemic myopathy and pellagra was made. With the correction of serum potassium level, muscle weakness improved rapidly and with the supplement of niacin, other physical signs and symptoms improved. In this case hypokalemic myopathy could be attributed to the alcoholic malnutritional state such as pellagrous diarrhea, malnutrition, malabsorption and others.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Acyclovir-resistant herpes zoster encephalitis successfully treated with vidarabine: a case report.

A 78-year-old man developed herpes zoster virus (HZV) encephalitis. Initially, treatment with aciclovir (750 mg per day) improved CSF cell count and protein level. During the treatment, however, encephalitis in the patient deteriorated in spite of the treatment with aciclovir, suggesting that HZV in the patient had become resistant to aciclovir. Subsequent treatment with vidarabine (600 mg per day, for 15 days) resulted in dramatic improvement in CSF pleocytosis. About two months after the discontinuation of vidarabine, the CSF cell count was normal. The patient became alert gradually, but his amnestic syndrome remained unchanged. Vidarabine may be recommended in the treatment of HZV encephalitis when aciclovir is not effective.

Acyclovir↗
PubMed1993

Bacterial infection in cirrhosis, with and without hepatocellular carcinoma.

OBJECTIVE: The extent and type of bacterial infection occurring with liver cirrhosis has remained unknown. Further, while hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is known to occur mainly in patients with liver cirrhosis, no report has yet investigated the incidence of bacterial infection in HCC. The purpose of the present study was to establish the prevalence of bacterial infection in patients with HCC. METHODS: We have retrospectively investigated all 1140 patients with hepatic cirrhosis and/or HCC for any incidence of bacterial infection. RESULTS: The incidence of bacterial infection was found to be 15.4%, in 740 patients with HCC. This was approximately equal to the incidence of bacterial infection in 400 patients with cirrhosis without HCC, which was found to be 15.3%. When the severity of cirrhosis was graded according to Child-Pugh classification, the incidences of bacterial infection in Child-Pugh class A, class B, and class C were 3.3%, 11.1%, and 31.2%, respectively, in cirrhosis, and 2.3%, 9.1% and 25.6% in HCC. The incidence of bacterial infection increased with the severity of cirrhosis and severe bacterial infections occurred in Child-Pugh class B and C patients. CONCLUSION: The data suggest that the susceptibility of HCC patients to bacterial infection is mainly related to the underlying cirrhosis and not to the HCC.

Bacterial Infections↗
PubMed1993

[A case of necrotizing scleritis associated with Epstein-Barr virus infection].

Recently Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is often reported in association with ocular disease. But EBV has not been reported to cause necrotizing scleritis. A 71-year-old woman developed ciliary injection and peripheral corneal ulcer in both eyes. The lesions did not respond to topical steroid and systemic indomethacin. The sclera became transparent and perforated. EBV serologic antibody titers were strongly positive. Anti-viral capsid antigen (VCA)-IgG was 1: 1,280 and anti-early antigen (EA)-IgG was 1: 640. These serologic results suggested active EBV infection. Using immunofluorescence techniques, the squamous epithelial cells of the conjunctiva were stained with monoclonal antibody against EBV-VCA and strongly stained with antibody against IgG. The results of serologic test and the immunofluorescence techniques appeared to suggest that the necrotizing scleritis was caused by EBV.

Aged↗
PubMed1993

[Neuropathological study of autosomal dominant ataxia linked to loci on chromosome 6p (SCA 1)].

We reported an autopsy case of hereditary OPCA genetically proved to be SCA 1. Clinically, he showed cerebellar ataxia from beginning to the end stage, and was characterized by slow eye movement with external ophthalmoplegia, pyramidal tract signs, generalized amyotrophy including facial muscle, mild bulbar paresis, mild dementia, and urinary disturbance. Neuropathologically, the degeneration and loss of neurons with gliosis were seen in the Purkinje layer, dentate nucleus of the cerebellum, inferior Olive nucleus, motor nucleus of cranial nerve, anterior horn of the spinal cord, and column of the Clarke. And the myelinpallor was revealed in the connecting nerve fiber of these lesions, posterior column and spinocerebellar tract of the spinal cord.

Brain↗
PubMed1993

[The assessment of multiple coronary artery bypass with bilateral internal thoracic artery grafts].

From 1982 to March 1991, 68 patients underwent coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) using bilateral internal thoracic arteries (ITA). There were 62 males (91.2%) and 6 females (8.8%) ranging from 33 to 74 years old (mean 58.5 +/- 9.2). Thirty four patients had old myocardial infarction (OMI) and left main trunk disease was seen in 8.5% of the patients. The number of grafts was 2 to 6 per patient with an average of 3.2 +/- 1.0. In bilateral ITA grafting the combinations of RITA to LAD and LITA to LCX were most frequently used. There were no operative deaths except for one death which occurred while at the hospital. The patency rates for the RITA and LITA were 98.3% and 96.7%, respectively. Postoperative complications included reexploration for bleeding and heart tamponade in 9 patients, and low output syndrome in 7 patients. The frequency of blood transfusion decreased with the use of cell saver. Routine bilateral ITA grafting for multiple CABG is considered safe, with the early patency being relatively better than with saphenous vein grafting.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

[Immunological effect of recombinant interferon-gamma in renal cell carcinoma].

The immunological effect of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) was investigated in 18 cases of renal cell carcinoma before and after the operation. In 6 patients, IFN-gamma was administered preoperatively for 21 days (administration group), while 12 patients underwent nephrectomy alone without preoperative treatment (control group). The peripheral immunological effects were measured at before and 12 days after the operation in the administration group and at 11 days in the control group. In the administration group, a marked increase was noted in the test of antibody dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) activity and natural killer (NK) activity, and slight increase in CD4/8 and CD11b. In low stage cases, no appreciable effect was obtained by the administration of IFN-gamma. However, in high stage cases, IFN-gamma tended to increase the value of ADCC activity and NK activity. Immunohistochemical studies of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes in renal cell carcinoma showed a high incidence of CD8 and CD11b in the administration group. Moreover, the presence of CD8 was higher than that of CD4 in the administration group in contrast to the results of the peripheral blood analysis.

Carcinoma, Renal Cell↗
PubMed1993

[Echocardiographic study in adult patients with Down's syndrome].

In Down's syndrome (DS) mental retardation accompanying chromosomal abnormalities is seen, and the incidence of associated congenital heart abnormalities is also known to recent years, the accelerated aging and premature senility associated with DS have attracted attention. In the present study, we examined cardiac lesions using echocardiography in a group of asymptomatic adult DS subjects discussed the relation between these lesions and premature aging. The subjects comprised 28 adult DS patients ranging in age from 20 to 46 years (mean +/- SD, 30.8 +/- 8.9 years) residing in 8 institutions in Fukui prefecture. The presence of DS was confirmed in all cases by chromosomal examination, which revealed 21-trisomy in 25 and mosaic type in three. Of indices of left heart function, the end diastolic volume index (EDVI) and end systolic volume index (ESVI) showed significantly reduced values, whereas indices of systolic function such as the ejection fraction (EF) and mean velocity of circumferential fiber shortening (mean Vcf) showed significantly elevated values. The results of early diastolic left ventricular function, which has been noted to be related to aging, did not show any significant difference as determined by observation of mitral valve dynamics. On the other hand, morphologically, mitral valve prolapse (MVP) was found significantly more frequently in the DS group (17.9%) as compared to a normal control group. Also, valvular calcification (14.3%) and aortic valve regurgitation (AR, 11%) were both frequently noted. Whether signs such as valvular calcification are findings related to accelerated aging will require further study.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

[Spinocerebellar ataxia 1--clinical study of 17 patients in a large pedigree].

We studied a large pedigree with dominant spinocerebellar ataxia, genetically and clinically. At now, 27 members over 5 generations have been affected. Linkage study for the disease locus to D6S89 in a total of 44 individuals showed maximum lod scores of 3.99 at theta = 0.000. This result indicates that the disease locus of this pedigree locates near D6S89 on chromosome 6p (SCA 1). We studied 17 patients clinically. Mean age at onset was 37.7 +/- 8.6, and mean duration after onset was 11.3 +/- 6.8 years. Their clinical features were characterized by progressive ataxia, pyramidal involvement with hyperreflexia or spasticity, and mild posterior column involvement. Mild gaze nystagmus at early stage became unclear with the progress of illness. The frequent signs in the advanced stage were diffuse amyotropy, twitching of face or tongue, bulbar palsy, slow saccade, external ophthalmoparesis, mydriasis, coarse postural tremor, and dementia with emotional disturbance. There are so much clinical similarities between our pedigree and other SCA 1 pedigrees in the literature. Generally, SCA 1 shows hyperreflexia, spasticity, and terminal slow saccade. On the other hand, non-SCA 1 type OPCA is characterized by progressive hyporeflexia, slow eye movement from early stage, and frequent choreoathetosis. Gaze nystagmus, external ophthalmoparesis, amyotrophy, and spasticity are common in both SCA 1 and Machado-Joseph disease (MJD). However, they are more frequent in MJD than SCA 1. Moreover, extrapyramidal signs, such as dystonia, are rare is SCA 1. Based on these difference, SCA 1 could be clinically differentiated from other similar hereditary ataxias.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Effect of substance P on circadian rhythms of firing activity and the 2-deoxyglucose uptake in the rat suprachiasmatic nucleus in vitro.

The suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) have been identified as a pacemaker for many circadian rhythms in mammals. Although substance P (SP) fibers from retina are found to terminate the SCN, the physiological role of this peptide is uncertain. The 2-deoxyglucose (2-DG) uptake and firing activity in the SCN show a robust circadian change. SP causes an increase in 2-DG uptake by SCN during the subjective night but not during subjective day. SP-induced increase in 2-DG uptake is blocked by co-treatment with the SP receptor antagonist, spantide. Treatment with SP produces phase shifts of circadian rhythm in spontaneous neural activity in SCN neurons with a phase-response curve that is similar to the effect of light pulses to animals under constant darkness. SP-induced phase change is also blocked by pretreatment with spantide. SP-induced increase in 2-DG uptake and phase changes in firing activity occur only during subjective night, at circadian times when photic phase shifting of activity occurs. The present results suggest that SP may be an important transmitter for conveying environmental light-dark information from retina to the SCN.

Action Potentials↗
PubMed1992

[MR imaging of thyroid masses].

Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging was performed in 35 patients with histologically proved thyroid masses. Gadopentetate dimeglumine was used in 25 of these cases. The thyroid tumors were analyzed by MR imaging as to shape, margin, pseudocapsulation, homogeneity, and enhanced pattern. Gd-DTPA was helpful in identifying pseudocapsules and showing the extent of the tumor. Papillary carcinoma tended to display unclear margins, heterogeneous intensity, and inhomogeneously enhanced patterns. In follicular adenoma, the tumor margin was smooth and pseudocapsules were clearly detected. Follicular adenoma was enhanced homogeneously, but it was difficult to distinguish follicular adenoma from follicular carcinoma by MR imaging. Adenomatous goiter was delineated as multiple nodules with smooth margins, but without pseudocapsules. These nodules were enhanced in various ways after Gd-DTPA administration.

Female↗
PubMed1992

An in vitro circadian rhythm of protein synthesis in the rat suprachiasmatic nucleus under tissue culture conditions.

Because inhibitors of protein synthesis produce changes in the circadian rhythm of wheel-running activity in rodents, we examined the circadian changes of in vitro protein synthesis by the rat suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN). We demonstrated a robust circadian rhythm of [14C]leucine incorporation as well as [3H]2-deoxyglucose (2DG) uptake by the SCN. The peak time of 2DG uptake was around circadian time 6-9 h (CT6-CT9). In contrast to 2DG uptake, the maximum rate of leucine incorporation occurred around CT22-CT0. Thus, the leucine incorporation rate preceded 2DG uptake by 6-9 h. Leucine incorporation was inhibited by protein synthesis inhibitors, but not by tetrodotoxin. Since a robust circadian rhythm of leucine incorporation by the SCN was detected in vitro by using our method, this procedure may be useful to study the circadian clock function of the SCN.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Presynaptic inhibition by clonidine of neurotransmitter amino acid release in various brain regions.

The release of endogenous aspartic acid (Asp), glutamic acid (Glu) and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) was investigated in synaptosomes prepared from various regions of the rat brain. The basal release of Asp, Glu and GABA from various regions was 12-35, 24-107 and 15-43 pmol/min per mg protein, respectively. Exposure to a depolarizing concentration of KCl (30 mM) resulted in 1.7 to 3.6-fold increases in Asp, Glu and GABA release. When clonidine (10(-4) M) was added to the perfusion medium, the K(+)-evoked overflow of both Asp and Glu was inhibited by 50-90% in the anterior cortex, thalamus and hypothalamus. Clonidine inhibited the K(+)-evoked Glu overflow by 30-40% in the posterior cortex and hippocampus. No significant effects were observed in the other brain regions (olfactory bulb, striatum, midbrain, cerebellum, pons, medulla oblongata). The inhibitory effects of clonidine were counteracted by an alpha 2-adrenoceptor antagonist, rauwolscine. The data suggest that the basal and K(+)-evoked release of Asp, Glu and GABA from nerve terminals is different in rat brain regions and that the presynaptic alpha 2-adrenoceptors which regulate the release of excitatory amino acids are mainly distributed in the anterior cerebral cortex, thalamus and hypothalamus of the rat brain.

Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists↗
PubMed1992

Phase-resetting effect of 8-OH-DPAT, a serotonin1A receptor agonist, on the circadian rhythm of firing rate in the rat suprachiasmatic nuclei in vitro.

The 5-HTergic neurons in the mesencephalic raphe nuclei provide a robust projection to the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), the site of a putative neuronal circadian pacemaker. Although it has been suggested that 5-HT neurons may play a role in the circadian timing system, this role has not yet been specified. Prosser et al. (Brain Res., 534 (1990) 336-339) reported that 1 h treatments with quipazine induce robust phase shifts in vitro, and that this effect depends upon the circadian time of treatment. However, quipazine is a non-specific 5-HT agonist. Besides, it is reported that the 5-HT1A agonist, 8-hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetraline hydrobromide (8-OH-DPAT) affected a circadian rhythm of hamster wheel-running activity. In the present study we investigated whether the 5-HT1A agonist 8-OH-DPAT can reset the phase of the SCN clock when it is isolated in vitro. The present results show that 1 h treatments with 8-OH-DPAT induce robust phase advances in vitro when it was administered during the subjective day. This result suggests that 5HT1A receptor functioning may play a role in modulating the phase of SCN clock, especially during the subjective day.

8-Hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin↗
PubMed1992

Excitatory effect of N-methyl-D-aspartate and kainate receptor on the 2-deoxyglucose uptake in the rat suprachiasmatic nucleus in vitro.

The suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) have been identified as a pacemaker for many circadian rhythms in mammals. The previous findings indicate the excitatory amino acid (EAA) receptors play an important role in the transmission of light information from the retina to the circadian clocks. The 2-deoxyglucose (2DG) uptake shows a robust circadian change; high uptake during subjective day and low uptake subjective night. To determine whether EAA agonists regulate 2DG uptake in the SCN, we have measured 2DG uptake in the rat SCN in vitro. We report that, during the subjective night, glutamate, N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) and kainic acid (KA) cause an increase in 2DG uptake and that NMDA- or KA-induced increase of 2DG uptake is blocked by co-treatments with competitive and non-competitive NMDA or KA receptor antagonists. EAA receptor agonist-induced increase in 2DG uptake occurs only during subjective night, at circadian times when photic phase shifting of activity occurs. Taken together, those data suggest that EAA may be an important transmitter of light information from retina to the SCN.

Animals↗