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Biomedical subjects

T H Parmley

Publications and source records attributed to T H Parmley.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1996

High prevalence of adeno-associated virus (AAV) type 2 rep DNA in cervical materials: AAV may be sexually transmitted.

Adeno-associated virus (AAV) is a human parvovirus that in laboratory and animal models has the ability to suppress the oncogenic phenotype of a variety of viruses and cellular derived oncogenes. The inhibitory effects of AAV have been mapped to its rap gene (Rep78 protein). Furthermore, seroepidemiologic data indicate that AAV infection is linked to reduced cervical cancer rates in humans. Because of AAV's inverse relationship with cervical cancer, we attempted to identify AAV rep sequences within DNA derived from cervical brushings taken from nondiseased middle class patients at a Little Rock clinic. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification was carried out with primers designed to amplify a specific segment of the endogenous human beta-globin gene or the AAV rep gene. Of those cervical samples that were positive for beta-globin DNA, 50% were also found to be positive for AAV rep DNA when analyzed by either ethidium bromide staining or dot-blot hybridization with an internal probe. These data strongly suggest that AAV is commonly carried in the genital region and further raise the possibility that AAV can be sexually transmitted.

Cervix Uteri↗
PubMed1996

Ultrastructure of the microvasculature in human endometrial hyperplasia.

OBJECTIVE: Our purpose was to determine the effect of hyperplasia on cell-to-cell communication in the microvasculature of the human endometrium. STUDY DESIGN: Ten biopsy specimens of simple and complex hyperplasia of the human endometrium were investigated by electron microscopy. RESULTS: The microvasculature of the hyperplastic endometrium shows morphologic disorder. The extracellular matrix is altered, and cell death is widespread. Intercellular contact is infrequent or absent. CONCLUSIONS: These results are in marked contrast to the ultrastructure of the normal microvasculature. The complex cell-to-cell interaction observed in normal tissue appears lost. This report, combined with others, indicates that cell-to-cell contact is sparse in hyperplastic endometrium.

Capillaries↗
PubMed1996

The nuclear channel system in endometrial adenocarcinoma exposed to medroxyprogesterone acetate.

The nuclear channel system (NCS), giant mitochondria and subnuclear glycogen form a triad of ultrastructural features observed in normal human endometrial epithelium in response to progestational steroids. Both the giant mitochondria and subnuclear glycogen have been described in endometrial adenocarcinoma, but the NCS has not. This article reports the development of the NCS in adenocarcinoma treated with medroxyprogesterone acetate. Previous studies suggest that the NCS in normal tissue is a response to the acyl group in the 17-beta position of the D-ring of some progestational steroids, such as medroxyprogesterone acetate. Medroxyprogesterone acetate was administered to 12 postmenopausal women with endometrial adenocarcinoma. Hysterectomies were performed 8 to 20 days after treatment. Pretreatment specimens were also obtained on 8 of the 12 patients. Using standard electron microscopy procedures, light microscopy on plastic semithin sections was first used to confirm the presence of tumor. Thin sections of malignant endometrium were prepared and evaluated ultrastructurally for progestational alterations. Abnormal giant mitochondria and subnuclear glycogen were found both before and after treatment. The third element of the triad, the NCS, was not observed in any of the available pretreatment biopsies, but was seen in three of the treated specimens. Thus it appears that the NCS is a response to the given progesterone therapy.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1996

Gestational trophoblastic disease: a spectrum of radiologic diagnosis.

Gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD) encompasses a broad spectrum of conditions that includes hydatidiform mole, invasive mole, and choriocarcinoma. Although ultrasound (US) is the examination of choice for initial diagnosis, plain radiography, angiography, computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging all play a role in determining the presence of GTD and the extent of its complications. US shows molar gestations as alternating cystic and solid tissue that fills the entire uterus. CT and MR imaging are useful in detecting myometrial invasion, parametrial extension, and metastasis. Because each imaging technique offers a unique perspective highlighting different aspects of GTD, it is important to understand the pathophysiology and natural history of the disease. Such knowledge in turn leads to a greater understanding of the spectrum of findings seen on various kinds of radiologic images and enables the radiologist to play an important role in directing patient work-up by recognizing the implications of various findings and guiding management decisions.

Female↗
PubMed1994

Ultrastructural cell-to-cell interactions in hyperplastic endometrial stroma.

In hyperplastic endometrial stroma, cell-to-cell contacts are infrequent. Those that are present are not well developed and may appear degenerative. Significant amounts of extracellular matrix further impede contact. The cells of hyperplastic endometrial stromal are, for the most part, poorly differentiated and both apoptosis and necrosis are common. Fibroblast-like cells make up most of the increased cellularity, with few endometrial granulocytes or other cells types.

Apoptosis↗
PubMed1994

Stromal-epithelial communications in hyperplastic human endometrium.

OBJECTIVE: Our objective was to assess the cell-to-cell contacts in hyperplastic human endometrium and to compare them with contacts in normal endometrium. STUDY DESIGN: Hyperplastic endometrial samples (five with simple hyperplasia and five with complex hyperplasia) without atypia by light microscopy were studied with transmission electron microscopy. The cell-to-cell contacts, basal lamina, and epithelial-to-stromal compartment contacts were studied and compared with these same areas in normal endometrium. RESULTS: Only infrequent gap junctions between epithelial cells were seen. Other epithelial contacts were also greatly reduced when compared with normal epithelium. Cell-to-cell contacts between the epithelial compartment and the stromal compartment were rare and degenerative in configuration. An increase in extracellular matrix and various alterations in the basal lamina appears to contribute to a decrease in cell-to-cell contacts. CONCLUSIONS: Compared with normal endometrium, hyperplastic endometrium demonstrated far fewer cell-to-cell contacts. The basal lamina and extracellular matrix were altered in such a fashion that communication between the stromal and epithelial compartments appeared to be impaired. Stromal and epithelial cells rarely were in contact. Those contacts present were less complex and the majority were degenerative. Hyperplasia without atypia demonstrated a much lower amount of intercellular communication than normal endometrium.

Cell Communication↗
PubMed1993

Intraocular endometrium in the rabbit as a model for endometriosis.

The model described suggests that endometrium can be successfully transplanted to the rabbit eye and observed through a slit lamp for morphological changes such as vascularization. Sampling of aqueous humor in volumes adequate for biochemical measurements have been demonstrated. Autografts of rabbit endometrium survived for up to 181 days. Although xenografts of human endometrial and endometriotic tissue demonstrate some adherence and vascularization, there is indication of immune rejection by day 7. Other treatment regimens will be explored with the objective of prolonging the graft survival time.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Ultrastructure of the microvasculature in the human endometrium throughout the normal menstrual cycle.

In the early proliferative phase endometrial capillary basal lamina is loosely formed and discontinuous. It becomes more distinct in the late proliferative phase and develops whorled extensions that include pericytes in the early secretory to midsecretory phase. Throughout the cycle both endothelial cells and pericytes possess cytoplasmic processes that extend through discontinuities in the basal lamina and make contact with each other. These contacts may be simple or complex. They become more elaborate as the cycle progresses to the midsecretory phase. Endothelial cells show progressive but heterogeneous differentiation into the midsecretory phase, with individual cell hypertrophy. In the late-secretory phase the endometrial stroma and the basal lamina are characterized by widespread degeneration, and the cell-to-cell contacts sharply decrease. However, endothelial cells remain relatively intact.

Cytoplasm↗
PubMed1990

Distribution of CA 125 in embryonic tissues and adult derivatives of the fetal periderm.

New murine monoclonal antibodies to a partially purified CA 125 antigen were developed and identified as M 2 and M 11. With immunohistochemical techniques, these new antibodies and OC 125 antibody were used to search for CA 125 in embryonic tissues and adult apocrine sweat glands and mammary glands. The embryonic skin, the periderm, expressed CA 125 antigen and its adult derivatives, the mammary glands and apocrine sweat glands, expressed CA 125 while in the active state of secretion. In a 6-week-old formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded ectopic embryo specimen, antibodies M 2 and M 11 recognized CA 125 in the periderm, the notochord, the myocardium, the pericardium, the gastroenteric tract, enteric duct remnants in the umbilical cord (vitelline and allantoic ducts), the mesonephric duct, and the amnion. OC 125 staining of these formalin-fixed specimens was either very faint or absent. In a formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded specimen of apocrine sweat glands from the axilla, antibodies M 2 and M 11 detected CA 125 antigen intracellularly in the secretory cells. Again no staining was observed with OC 125 antibody. In a frozen and acetone-fixed specimen of lactating mammary glands, antibodies M 2 and OC 125 detected CA 125 antigen intraductally. Colostrum and milk collected from 25 mothers at various stages post partum had mean CA 125 levels of 34,213 U/ml in colostrum, 1469 U/ml at 3 to 7 days, and 105 U/ml at 5 to 26 weeks.

Amnion↗
PubMed1990

Spontaneous cell death in the chorion laeve.

The granulosa cells of the dominant follicle grow, differentiate, and die in a roughly predictable amount of time. Because the simultaneous death of this population of cells results in menstruation, one may say that the life span of this population of cells "times" the menstrual cycle. Metamorphosis in amphibians and morphogenesis in several vertebrates are other examples of developmental milestones that are "timed" by the life span of specific cell populations. In all these examples, cell death is associated with a specific histology, apoptosis. Apoptosis characterizes the cell death that produces the progressive disappearance of the trophoblast in the chorion laeve as term is approached. Therefore, the histology of trophoblastic death in the near-term chorion laeve corresponds to that of populations of cells with life spans that "time" developmental events. The trophoblastic cell population of the chorion laeve is prematurely destroyed by infiltrating maternal leukocytes in cases of chorioamnionitis.

Cell Survival↗
PubMed1988

Interaction of epithelial and stromal cells in vaginal adenosis.

Two types of direct contact between epithelial and stromal cells in patients with vaginal adenosis are documented in electron micrographs. In the first type, epithelial cells send cytoplasmic extensions through the basal lamina to achieve, at times, complete fusion with fibroblasts in the stromal compartment. In the second type, mast cells act as intermediaries between the epithelial and stromal compartments.

Epithelium↗
PubMed1988

Neonatal ovarian cysts: sonographic-pathologic correlation.

The authors reviewed the prenatal (11 infants) and postnatal (17 infants) sonograms and the clinical, surgical, and pathologic findings in 17 infants with an ovarian cyst to determine the sonographic features and natural history of neonatal ovarian cysts. An uncomplicated cyst (nontwisted, nonhemorrhagic) was completely anechoic and the cyst wall was imperceptible with sonography (five cases). A twisted or hemorrhagic cyst was cystic with a fluid-debris level, cystic with a retracting clot, septated with or without internal echoes, or solid (12 cases). These complicated cysts contained liquid and/or organized hematoma. Eleven of the 12 complicated cysts had a thin, highly echogenic wall. Cyst torsion commonly occurred in utero and could be diagnosed on prenatal sonograms by a typical sonographic appearance (eight cases). All of these infants were asymptomatic after birth. Four infants with hemorrhagic or twisted cysts were symptomatic. All cysts except one that resolved spontaneously were treated surgically, including three twisted cysts that showed no change in size over a 1-8-month interval. All of the cysts were of follicular origin.

Female↗
PubMed1987

Development of ciliated cells in the human fetal oviduct: an ultrastructural study.

Prenatal development of ciliated cells in the human fallopian tube was studied by light and electron microscopy in specimens obtained from 12 fetuses, aged 12-40 weeks. On light microscopy, transverse sections of the ampullary portion of the tube revealed a slit-like lumen at 12 weeks. The lumen began to fold by 15 weeks, and formed the typical villous structures by 31 weeks. On electron microscopy, the epithelial cells contained a large number of sub- and supranuclear glycogen particles until 18 weeks and an occasional solitary cilium. At 20-22 weeks, instead of glycogen particles, cytoplasmic organelles such as mitochondria, rough endoplasmic reticula and Golgi apparatus were well developed, and some cells possessed cilia with a 9 + 2 microtubular structure. Between 22 and 31 weeks, ciliated cells were sporadically observed. At 31 weeks, the epithelial cells accumulated a large number of sub- and supranuclear glycogen particles. Afterwards, numerous ciliated cells with well-developed cytoplasmic organelles were observed by 40 weeks.

Animals↗