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T H Crook

Publications and source records attributed to T H Crook.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

Multiple equivalent test forms in a computerized, everyday memory battery.

Eight parallel forms for six computerized, everyday memory tests were examined for equivalence of difficulty level. Six equivalent forms were found for Telephone Dialing, Name-Face Association, First-Last Name memory, and Grocery List Learning, white eight equivalent forms were found for Misplaced Objects and Recognition of Faces. The clinical and research utility of multiple equivalent forms of everyday memory tests is discussed.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1991

Diagnosis, assessment and treatment of age-associated memory impairment.

We have reviewed diagnostic criteria and assessment procedures for AAMI, as well as pharmacologic and behavioral treatments for this condition. This research gives reason to hope that an important behavioral deficit associated with aging may be modified through drug and behavioral treatment.

Aging↗
PubMed1991

Serotonin, memory, and the aging brain.

Serotonin is widely distributed throughout the central nervous system and is implicated in a variety of neural functions such as pain, feeding, sleep, sexual behavior, cardiac regulation and cognition. This paper is concerned with the last of these. Abnormalities of the serotonergic nervous system are well documented in pathologic studies of Alzheimer's disease and there is evidence suggesting that changes in this system occur in association with non-disease aging. Data on the role of serotonin in learning and memory and on the effects of aging on brain serotonin function are reviewed and discussed in relation to pharmacologic treatment strategies for the memory impairments associated with advancing age.

Aging↗
PubMed1991

The association of memory complaint with computer-simulated everyday memory performance.

The relationship of memory self-report to self-rated depression and to actual performance on computer-simulated everyday memory tasks was investigated in 125 normal adults. Canonical correlation analyses demonstrated that self-rated memory performance and objective computer-simulated everyday memory performance shared from 27.9% to 29.4% of common variance. These data provide initial concurrent validity for a new memory self-report scale, the MAC-S. Results are discussed in relation to psychometric factors important in the design and validation of self-report memory scales.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Effects of phosphatidylserine in age-associated memory impairment.

We treated 149 patients meeting criteria for age-associated memory impairment (AAMI) for 12 weeks with a formulation of phosphatidylserine (100 mg BC-PS tid) or placebo. Patients treated with the drug improved relative to those treated with placebo on performance tests related to learning and memory tasks of daily life. Analysis of clinical subgroups suggested that persons within the sample who performed at a relatively low level prior to treatment were most likely to respond to BC-PS. Within this subgroup, there was improvement on both computerized and standard neuropsychological performance tests, and also on clinical global ratings of improvement. The results suggest that the compound may be a promising candidate for treating memory loss in later life.

Aging↗
PubMed1991

First-Last Names and the Grocery List Selective Reminding Test: two computerized measures of everyday verbal learning.

Data are presented on two computerized tests of everyday verbal learning: Paired associate learning of First-Last Names (FLN), and the Grocery List Selective Reminding Test (GLSRT). MANOVA and multiple regression analyses demonstrated that performance on FLN and GLSRT was most strongly related to age, with significant secondary associations found for gender, with females performing better than males. Additional factor analysis of FLN and GLSRT supported the construct validity of these measures by demonstrating significant associations of performance with traditional newopsychological measures of memory and related functions, including the Paired Associate Learning and Logical Memory subtests from the Wechsler Memory Scale, the Benton Visual Retention Test, and WAIS Digit Symbol.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1991

Treatment of age-associated memory impairment with guanfacine.

Alpha2 adrenergic agonists have been shown to improve memory test performance in amnesic humans and aged nonhuman primates. In a group of drugs in this class that were tested for their effects on age-related memory impairments in aged monkeys, guanfacine was the most effective for improving mnemonic function at doses that were without significant side effects. These data prompted studies of guanfacine for its effect on learning and memory in persons with age-associated memory impairment (AAMI), the results of which are now reported. The data suggest that guanfacine may have modest mood-improving effects but had no significant effects on learning and memory in the subjects tested.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

A self-rating scale for evaluating memory in everyday life.

A memory self-rating scale is described that includes 21 ability-to-remember items, 24 items assessing frequency of occurrence of memory failures, and 4 global rating items assessing overall comparison to others, comparison to the best one's memory has ever been, speed of recall, and concern or worry over memory function. Factor analysis yielded 5 orthogonal Ability to Remember and 5 orthogonal Frequency of Occurrence factors. The factor structure was not affected by age or sex, and level of complaint on the factor scores was not strongly associated with age.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Age differences in everyday memory: laboratory analogues of telephone number recall.

Three experiments were conducted to examine age differences in memory for telephone numbers by adults ranging from 18 to 85 years of age. In the first 2 studies, using visual simultaneous presentation, age declines in immediate recall were evident on 10-digit numbers, but not on 3-digit numbers. With 7-digit numbers, the youngest group performed significantly better than the oldest (70-85 years) group. In the second study, more marked age declines occurred when subjects had to redial a number after a busy signal. The third experiment replicated the observed aging pattern with auditory sequential presentation. Also, chunked presentation of local telephone numbers resulted in high performance for old and young in sequential recall. The findings were discussed in relation to task processing demands and practical issues related to telephone number recall.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

The Misplaced Objects Test: a measure of everyday visual memory.

The Misplaced Objects Test is a computerized test of object location recall. The test is structurally similar to tasks used in the evaluation of age and drug effects in preclinical animal research. Delayed recall of 20 common objects which the subject has placed using a touch sensitive screen in a computer-simulated 12-room house is evaluated with three measures. Scores include the number of objects found on the first attempt (Found 1), the number of objects found on the second attempt (Found 2), and the total number of objects found on both attempts (Found T). Performance was evaluated in relation to age, gender, education, and affective status, as well as in relation to several traditional neuropsychological measures. Misplaced Objects Test performance was most strongly associated with age and Wechsler Memory Scale Paired Associate Learning. Additional significant relationships were found with gender, education, and the WAIS Digit Symbol subtest. Potential future applications of the test were discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Diagnosis and assessment of age-associated memory impairment.

Age-associated memory impairment (AAMI) is a diagnostic term applied to healthy persons greater than 50 years of age who have experienced a gradual decline in memory that lies within the boundaries of normality. Although the behavioral deficits associated with AAMI are modest in comparison to those associated with dementing disorders such as Alzheimer's disease, they are quite troublesome to many middle-aged and elderly adults engaged in intellectually demanding activities. In this article, diagnostic criteria for AAMI will be provided, new psychometric instruments for assessing the behavioral deficits seen in AAMI will be described, and results of large multinational studies with these instruments will be presented. Finally, behavioral and pharmacologic strategies for treating AAMI will be discussed.

Aging↗
PubMed1990

Name recall performance across the adult life-span.

Everyday name-recall tests were administered to 1205 adults ranging in age from 18 to 90 years. They were asked to recall sets of four, six, or 14 names of individuals who introduced themselves on videotape. Immediate recall, acquisition, and delayed retention were examined. The results showed consistent age-related declines in name recall. Declines in performance were more evident on sets of 14 names rather than four or six names. Age deficits remained across several acquisition trials within the set of 14 names. The largest declines were evident for the old-old (over 70), although there were also significant performance differences, on some analyses, between the young and middle-aged groups. Changes in performance were less apparent during the middle-aged years (40-60 years). Name recall was related to individual differences factors, reaction time and paired-associate memory for names. The value of assessment and intervention with name recall was stressed.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Age-associated memory impairment: a role for catecholamines.

Age-associated memory impairment (AAMI) is a recently defined clinical state which describes loss of memory function in otherwise healthy persons age 50 and over. This is a relatively modest cognitive impairment thought to be common enough to be a feature of normal aging. There is considerable interest among memory researchers, and in the pharmaceutical industry, to establish the neurochemical basis and develop effective treatment for this condition. As in studies of dementia, much attention is focused on cholinergic function in relation to AAMI, with less emphasis on other neurochemical systems, such as those containing catecholamines. Diminished catecholamine function is implicated in dementing illness of the aged and may also be important in AAMI. This article proposes a role for catecholamines in AAMI and discusses possible treatment strategies.

Aged↗