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T Goto

Publications and source records attributed to T Goto.

At least 343 records · Page 19Linked to original sources
PubMed1998

Diffusion of piperacillin, cefotiam, minocycline, amikacin and ofloxacin into the prostate.

BACKGROUND: The successful treatment of bacterial prostatitis depends on an effective antimicrobial concentration in prostatic tissue against the infecting organism. In this study we compared the diffusion of 5 types of antimicrobials into the prostate. METHODS: The concentrations of piperacillin, cefotiam, minocycline, amikacin, and ofloxacin were determined in prostatic fluid, prostatic tissue, and serum 2.5 to 3 hours after a single administration from 55 patients with benign prostatic hypertrophy. RESULTS: Although amikacin showed the highest mean concentration both in prostatic tissue and prostatic fluid, the prostatic tissue/serum ratio was significantly higher (P < 0.01) for ofloxacin (1.49 +/- 0.80) and minocycline (0.94 +/- 0.39) compared with those for amikacin (0.49 +/- 0.21) and piperacillin (0.21 +/- 0.15). Also, the prostatic fluid/serum ratio was lower than the prostatic tissue/serum ratio for each drug, however, the prostatic fluid/serum ratio of ofloxacin was significantly higher than that of other antimicrobials tested (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: These results support earlier studies demonstrating that fluoroquinolones are a useful class of antimicrobials for the treatment of chronic bacterial prostatitis. They also suggest that in view of the pharmacokinetic properties and antimicrobial activities, amikacin and minocycline may be alternate antimicrobial options for selected patients with bacterial infections of the prostate.

Aged↗
PubMed1998

Supplementation effect of early pregnancy factor-positive serum into bovine in vitro fertilization culture medium.

PROBLEM: Early pregnancy factor (EPF) has been detected in pregnant bovine serum, and its activity appeared from 24 to 48 hr after insemination. However, in bovine in vitro fertilization (IVF), an EPF-like substance(s) had been detected in the culture medium of fertilized ovum. Therefore, we think that EPF and EPF-like substance(s) are very important materials for the development of the embryo. In this study, we examined the development of the embryo when fertilized bovine ova were cultured with IVF culture medium supplemented with EPF-positive or -negative serum. METHOD OF STUDY: EPF activity of each serum (fetal calf serum [FCS], calf serum [CS], estrus bovine serum, and pregnant bovine serum) was assessed by the bovine-rosette inhibition test. The sera were supplemented in TCM-199 culture medium, and IVF bovine ova were cultured with the media for 6 or 7 days, respectively. The culture media of each group were evaluated for EPF activity by the bovine-rosette inhibition test 48 hr after IVF. The cleavage rate of each group was calculated at 48 hr, and 6 or 7 days after IVF. The culture medium of cumulus cells was also tested for EPF activity. RESULTS: Only the pregnant bovine sera were EPF positive. All the culture media 48 hr after IVF became EPF positive. Additionally, the culture medium of cumulus cells did not have EPF activity. There was no significant difference in the cleavage rate of the EPF-positive and -negative sera 48 hr after IVF. However, the cleavage rate of EPF-positive sera tended to be higher than the negative sera. In contrast, the blastocyst development rates of EPF-positive sera were significantly higher than those of the negative sera 6 to 7 days after IVF (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The data suggest that an EPF-like substance(s) may be secreted from the in vitro fertilized bovine ovum but not from the cumulus cell, and that the EPF in the pregnant serum may accelerate the development of the bovine embryo in IVF.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Regulation of X-chromosome inactivation in development in mice and humans.

Dosage compensation for X-linked genes in mammals is accomplished by inactivating one of the two X chromosomes in females. X-chromosome inactivation (XCI) occurs during development, coupled with cell differentiation. In somatic cells, XCI is random, whereas in extraembryonic tissues, XCI is imprinted in that the paternally inherited X chromosome is preferentially inactivated. Inactivation is initiated from an X-linked locus, the X-inactivation center (Xic), and inactivity spreads along the chromosome toward both ends. XCI is established by complex mechanisms, including DNA methylation, heterochromatinization, and late replication. Once established, inactivity is stably maintained in subsequent cell generations. The function of an X-linked regulatory gene, Xist, is critically involved in XCI. The Xist gene maps to the Xic, it is transcribed only from the inactive X chromosome, and the Xist RNA associates with the inactive X chromosome in the nucleus. Investigations with Xist-containing transgenes and with deletions of the Xist gene have shown that the Xist gene is required in cis for XCI. Regulation of XCI is therefore accomplished through regulation of Xist. Transcription of the Xist gene is itself regulated by DNA methylation. Hence, the differential methylation of the Xist gene observed in sperm and eggs and its recognition by protein binding constitute the most likely mechanism regulating imprinted preferential expression of the paternal allele in preimplantation embryos and imprinted paternal XCI in extraembryonic tissues. This article reviews the mechanisms underlying XCI and recent advances elucidating the functions of the Xist gene in mice and humans.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

[Effects of tacrolimus ointment on type I (immediate and late) and IV (delayed) cutaneous allergic reactions in mice].

The effects of tacrolimus ointment on immediate, late and delayed-type cutaneous allergic reactions and normal skin thickness were investigated in mice and compared with those of steroid ointments. Tacrolimus ointment had no effect on ear edema in the immediate phase of the biphasic reaction and did not inhibit passive cutaneous anaphylaxis, but in the late phase of the biphasic reaction, it inhibited the ear edema. It also showed a clear inhibitory effect on the delayed-type reaction. These evidence suggest that the clinical effect of tacrolimus ointment against atopic dermatitis (AD) may be mainly due to its inhibitory action on late and delayed-type reactions. The steroid ointments inhibited all the reactions mentioned above, and the effects were more potent than those of tacrolimus. Moreover, they also decreased the normal ear thickness, suggesting that the inhibitory effect of the steroid ointments was partially due to skin atrophic action. The same ointments applied to the ears during the induction phase showed an enhancement of delayed-type reaction at the effector phase. Tacrolimus ointment did not show such a rebound effect or skin atrophy. Thus, tacrolimus ointment was expected to be more useful than the steroids for the treatment of AD.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Hypercholesterolemic effect in rats of a dietary addition of the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, L-N omega nitroarginine, by less synthesis of bile acids.

We have previously reported that feeding rats with a diet containing 0.02% L-N omega nitroarginine (L-NNA), a specific inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase, induced hypercholesterolemia. This present study was conducted to examine the underlying mechanism for hypercholesterolemia in rats. In experiment 1, feeding a diet containing 0.02% L-NNA for 5 wk elevated the concentration of serum cholesterol and reduced the excretion of fecal bile acids, but did not affect the excretion of fecal neutral sterols. Reduced activity of hepatic cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase, the rate-limiting enzyme for the biosynthesis of bile acids from cholesterol, was observed in the rats receiving L-NNA. In experiment 2, rats were fed for 5 wk on a diet with or without 0.02% L-NNA that was or was not supplemented with 4% L-arginine. The L-NNA treatment elevated the serum concentrations of total cholesterol, free cholesterol and esterified cholesterol, and reduced the activity of hepatic cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase, serum nitrate (a metabolite of NO) and the ratio of HDL-cholesterol versus serum total cholesterol. These alterations were suppressed by supplementing the L-NNA-containing diet with L-arginine. The results suggest that lower NO production by L-NNA caused hypercholesterolemia by a mechanism involving impaired bile acid synthesis.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Long-term therapy with an ACE inhibitor, temocapril, reduces microalbuminuria in essential hypertension.

The present study was conducted to prospectively evaluate whether a new ACE inhibitor, temocapril, could modify urinary microalbumin excretion rate (UAE) in a group of hypertensive outpatients who had no evidence of renal impairment. Sixty-three outpatients (32 men and 31 women; mean age, 59.9 +/- 1.5 yr) with essential hypertension entered the study, all having been treated for at least 6 mo with dihydropyridine calcium-channel blockers (CCBs: nitrendipine, nisoldipine, or amlodipine). Their blood pressures (BPs) had been controlled to adequate levels with the CCBs. None had overt proteinuria (determined by Albustix) or abnormal serum creatinine levels. After 3 mo of baseline observation under the previous treatment, the subjects were randomly divided into two groups. In group A (n = 31), the previously used CCBs were switched to temocapril, 2 to 4 mg once daily for 12 mo, and BP was controlled at a level equivalent to that during CCB treatment. In group B (n = 32), the subjects were maintained on their previous treatment for a further 12 mo. The effect of temocapril on BP appeared to be clinically similar to that of the previously used CCBs, but it significantly decreased UAE as compared with the previous therapy. In group A, UAE decreased significantly (p < 0.01) from the baseline value of 38.9 +/- 5.1 mg/g creatinine (Cr) to 22.2 +/- 4.2 and 25.3 +/- 5.6 mg/g Cr at the 6th and 12th months of temocapril therapy, respectively. In contrast, in group B UAE was unchanged (baseline 39.8 +/- 6.6 mg/g Cr; 6 mo, 44.6 +/- 6.8; 12 mo, 45.9 +/- 7.7). In group A, 17 of 31 patients (54.8%) had abnormal UAE levels (> or = 29.5 mg/g Cr) during previous therapy with CCBs, but 6 mo after switching to temocapril 25 of these patients (80.6%) had normal UAE (< 29.5 mg/g Cr). In group B, 15 of 32 patients (46.9%) had abnormal UAE levels during the observation period, and these abnormal UAE levels remained unchanged; 17 of the 32 patients (53.1%) had abnormal UAE levels after a further 6 mo of continued CCBs therapy. We conclude that long-term therapy with temocapril may provide renal protection by reducing UAE even in hypertensive patients with no evidence of renal impairment.

Albuminuria↗
PubMed1998

Giant hepatic biloma following transcatheter oily chemoembolization in a patient with hepatic metastases from malignant pheochromocytoma.

A 48-year-old woman developed hepatic metastases from malignant pheochromocytoma resected 8 years previously. Angiography revealed multiple tumor stains in the liver. Transcatheter oily chemoembolization using styrenomaleic acid neocarzinostatin and iodized oil was performed. The patient complained of severe right upper quadrant pain immediately following the transcatheter oily chemoembolization. Necrotizing cholecystitis developed on the 4th day post-transcatheter oily chemoembolization, hepatic infarction on the 12th day, and a biloma on the 19th day. Despite the administration of antibiotics and percutaneous transhepatic drainage, neither the volume of drainage nor the size of the biloma decreased. Biliary reconstruction was performed using a metallic stent, which decreased the size of the biloma.

Adrenal Gland Neoplasms↗
PubMed1998

Adult T-cell leukemia-lymphoma successfully treated with 2-chlorodeoxyadenosine.

Adult T-cell leukemia-lymphoma (ATL) is resistant to currently available chemotherapy and has a poor prognosis. We describe here a patient with ATL successfully treated with 2-chlorodeoxyadenosine (2-CdA). A 75-year-old Japanese male with an acute type of ATL, who had become resistant to the initial cytotoxic chemotherapy, was treated with 2-CdA administered by continuous drip infusion of 0.09 mg/kg/d for seven consecutive days in one month (one cycle). After three cycles of treatment, partial remission (PR) was achieved. Surprisingly, 249 days after the administration of 2-CdA, ATL cells completely disappeared from the peripheral blood. PR was maintained during 10 weeks until evidence of a new lymphadenopathy. No remarkable toxicity of 2-CdA occurred.

Aged↗
PubMed1998

Localization of carboxy-terminal type II procollagen peptide (pCOL-II-C) and type II collagen in the repair tissue of full-thickness articular cartilage defect.

It is well established that a full-thickness articular cartilage defect is repaired with a fibrocartilaginous tissue of which cells are derived from undifferentiated mesenchymal stem cells in the bone marrow. To characterize the repair tissue immunohistochemically, full-thickness defects were created in rabbit knee joints, and the repair tissues immunostained at 3, 6, and 12 weeks after surgery. Well characterized polyclonal antibody against carboxyterminal type II procollagen peptide (pCOL-II-C) and monoclonal antibody against type II collagen were used to evaluate the repair tissue with regard to the metabolism of type II collagen. Immunohistochemistry revealed that pCOL-II-C was localized in or around most of the repair cells obtained at 3 and 6 weeks after surgery, while type II collagen distributed mainly in the pericellular matrix of metaplastic round-shaped repair cells. The results suggest that the repair cells taken at the early stage of the repair process of the defect could originally have more activity of type II collagen synthesis.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Effects of estradiol and an aromatase inhibitor on progesterone production in human cultured luteal cells.

The human corpus luteum produces both estradiol and progesterone. It is well known that there are both autocrine and paracrine systems for the regulation of the corpus luteum and that estradiol regulates the progesterone production of the corpora lutea of some other species. To assess the direct effects of estrogen on human luteal function, we performed cell culture experiments. A low concentration of estradiol, almost equal to the amount of estradiol produced by human cultured luteal cells, directly stimulated progesterone production. 4-Cyclohexylaniline, an aromatase inhibitor, significantly reduced both progesterone production and estradiol production. Levels of estradiol higher than the levels that cultured human luteal cells themselves produced significantly reduced basal progesterone production and also significantly reduced human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), forskolin and dibutyryl-cyclic AMP-stimulated progesterone production. According to these data, high doses of estradiol produced a luteolytic action which widely inhibited the steroidogenesis process. In conclusion, our results indicated that estradiol in part regulates progesterone production physiologically and blocks progesterone production in a pharmacological or pathological state in the human corpus luteum.

Aniline Compounds↗
PubMed1998

[Results of anatomical segmentectomy for lung cancers].

Anatomical resections of the segment, so called 'anatomical segmentectomy', involving a small-sized lung cancer performed in 55 compromised cases in our hospital since 1985. On the operation we separated the intersegmental plane not with the traditional digital dissection but with meticulous electrocautery following the intersegmental pulmonary venous structure from hilal towards the peripheral area. Forty-six cases were primary lung cancers and 9 were metastatic ones. In 7 cases cancer residue was confirmed, especially on the intersegmental plane in one case and on the bronchial stump in another one. In 35 cases of primary non-small cell lung cancer (NSLC), recurrences in the separated plane or other segment of the same lobe appeared later in 2 cases, however there was no locoregional recurrence in cases with tumorous diameter less than 30 mm. The prognosis of 29 cases of NSLC with p-stage I is excellent because those 5 year survival rate is very high, 87.1%. The mean loss of ventilatory functions after segmentectomy was approximately half that of lobectomy. According to these results, we conclude that the anatomical segmentectomy is useful to the limited resection for small-sized NSLC with stage I.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1998

[Post-transplant EBV-associated lymphoproliferative disorders--report of two cases].

We report two cases of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-associated lymphoproliferative disorders (LPD) after allogenic bone marrow transplantation which were conditioned with regimens including antithymocyte globulin (ATG). The first case was a 31 year-old man which severe aplastic anemia who was transplanted from HLA-matched unrelated donor conditioned with total lymphoid irradiation (TLI)/ cyclophosphamide/ATG and prophylactic administration of ganciclovir Grade I acute GVHD improved in response to cyclosporine (CsA). LPD as a polyclonal epipharyngeal mass developed at day +53 and spontaneously regressed along with the withdrawal of CsA. Second case was a 11 year-old boy with acute myelomonocytic leukemia (FAB:M4E). He was transplanted from HLA B locus mismatched mother conditioned with total body irradiation (TBI)/busulfan/L-PAM/ATG. He showed grade IV acute GVHD, which was controlled by steroids and FK-506. LPD as a monoclonal intestinal lymphoma was diagnosed at day +82, and he was unsuccessfully treated with ganciclovir, acyclovir, chemotherapy and transfusions of EBV-specific cytotoxic lymphocytes in addition to discontinuation of immunosuppressants, and died at day +18 due to sepsis and multiple cerebral infarction. Early detection and introduction of appropriate treatment for post bone marrow transplantation LPD is necessary.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Lack of infectivity of HIV-1 integrase zinc finger-like domain mutant with morphologically normal maturation.

The integrase (IN) encoded by human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) is required for integration of the viral DNA into a host cell chromosome. The function of the highly conserved HHCC motif in the HIV-1 IN amino-terminal zinc finger-like domain is still unknown. In this study, we examined the effect of mutations in the HHCC motif on viral infectivity, adsorption to and entry into target cells, and morphology in the context of a full-length form of an HIV-1 molecular clone. A complete lack of infectivity and de novo synthesized viral DNA of the HHCC mutants were demonstrated in both cell-free and co-culture infection systems using MT-2 or HeLa-CD4-LTR-beta-gal as target cells. The levels of viral adsorption to and entry into the target cells were determined by measuring the cell-associated p24 level in target MT-2 cells shortly after infection. We detected comparable cell-associated p24 levels of MT-2 cells after infection with wild-type and the mutant viruses. Taken together, these results suggest that the replication of HIV-1 carrying point mutations in the HHCC motif was blocked at the step after adsorption/ entry and prior to the initiation of reverse transcription, presumably at the uncoating step. Furthermore, electron microscopy revealed that the observed complete lack of viral infectivity caused by introducing an amino acid substitution into the HHCC motif is not always accompanied by apparent abnormal morphology or maturation of virus particles.

Adsorption↗
PubMed1997

Disrupted cholecystokinin type-A receptor (CCKAR) gene in OLETF rats.

OLETF rats develop hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia and mild obesity, which is characteristic of human non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). We cloned and sequenced the cholecystokinin type-A receptor (CCKAR) gene in the rats. Comparing the DNA sequences of the OLETF CCKAR gene and LETO CCKAR gene, normal gene, we found a deletion in the OLETF gene, 6847 bases in length, which was flanked by two 3-base-pair direct repeats (5'-TGT-3') at positions -2407/-2405 and 4441/4443, numbered according to the LETO gene sequence, one of which was lost. The promoter region, the first and second exons were missing in the mutant. The region upstream and downstream of the deletion, including exons 3, 4 and 5, was conserved between the two strains, and did not contain any base changes. We found that the gene mapped to chromosome 14 in rats. OLETF rats are the naturally occurring knockout animals with the homozygously disrupted CCKAR gene.

Animals↗