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Biomedical subjects

T Gilat

Publications and source records attributed to T Gilat.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

A comparative study of metronidazole and sulfasalazine in active, not severe, ulcerative colitis. An Israeli multicenter trial.

Since metronidazole (M) was found to be effective in Crohn's disease, we evaluated its efficacy in the treatment of active ulcerative colitis (UC). Forty-six outpatients with acute, nonsevere UC were studied. Forty-two concluded the trial. Twenty-three received M 1.35 g/day and 19 received sulfasalazine (S) 4.5 g/day for 28 days in a randomized double-blind study. Six of 23 receiving M improved (26%) as against 13 of 19 patients receiving S (68%) (p less than 0.01). No significant side effects were noted. We conclude that M is ineffective in the therapy of an acute attack of UC.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1987

Childhood factors in ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. An international cooperative study.

This international case control study was conducted in 14 centers in 9 countries to investigate factors in childhood which may have a bearing on the etiology or pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD). 197 patients with UC and 302 with CD (499 with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD] whose disease started before age 20 years and whose age at time of study was less than 25 years were investigated, with two age- and sex-matched controls for each patient. All subjects were studied with uniform questionnaires. Eczema was found significantly more frequently in patients with CD (p less than 0.005) and in their fathers (p less than 0.025), mothers (p less than 0.002), and siblings (p less than 0.01) as compared with their respective controls. IBD was significantly more frequent in parents, siblings, cousins, grandparents, and uncles of patients than in their respective controls. The fathers of patients with UC had significantly more major gastrointestinal and cardiovascular diseases at the time of the patient's birth than the fathers of controls. In North America mothers of patients with UC and CD took vitamin, mineral, and iron preparations during pregnancy significantly less frequently than mothers of controls. Patients with CD and UC consumed a lower residue diet than controls. Recurrent respiratory infections were more frequent in patients with UC and CD (p less than 0.001); it is uncertain whether this preceded disease. Hospitalization for respiratory diseases was more frequent in patients than controls, and the use of antibiotics more frequent in patients with CD. Smallpox vaccination was less frequent (p less than 0.05) in patients with CD, and chickenpox infection was less common in patients with UC (p less than 0.01). No significant differences were found between patients and controls in relation to various human and non-human contacts during childhood. Number of siblings, being an only child, and birth order did not differ markedly between patients and controls, and we could not confirm the 'sheltered child' hypothesis in IBD. The parents of controls were slightly better educated and their social class tended to be higher than those of parents of patients. There were significant associations between some of the main factors investigated in this study. No significant differences were found between patients and controls in the frequency of breast feeding, cereal consumption, sugar added to milk in infancy, gastroenteritis in childhood, major stressful life events, and many other factors.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Diagnostic gastrointestinal laparoscopy: experience and changing indications.

We reviewed the records of all 117 patients who underwent diagnostic laparoscopy at our clinic from 1980 to 1985. There were no deaths or marked complications from the procedure. Accurate diagnosis was made in 72% of 79 patients with abdominal pathology; of these, 81% of 63 patients had hepatic pathology, and 44% of 16 patients had extrahepatic pathology. Of 27 patients with conditions that might have justified exploratory laparotomy, diagnosis was made in 48%. Of 29 patients who underwent preceding nondiagnostic blind-needle biopsies of the liver, laparoscopy established a diagnosis of cirrhosis or neoplasm in 44%. A parenthetical finding was that at our institution liver scan alone appeared to be the most adequate imaging workup of suspected hepatic disease. Our data support the use of laparoscopy for diagnosis of hepatic disease and as a first step prior to purely diagnostic laparotomy.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Cholesterol-phospholipid vesicles in human bile: an ultrastructural study.

Phospholipid vesicles, a newly described (bile salt independent) mode of cholesterol transport in human bile, were previously characterized by quasi-elastic light scattering and gel filtration. In the present study the ultrastructure of these vesicles was investigated by electron microscopy using freeze-fracture and negative-staining techniques. Vesicles of varying size were found in all 14 hepatic and 3 gallbladder biles examined. The diameter of the vesicles ranged from 25 to 75 nm by electron microscopy after freeze fracture and from 54 to 94 nm by quasi-elastic light scattering. They had a spherical shape and appeared to be unilamellar. The appearance of the vesicles in fresh hepatic and gallbladder biles as well as in chromatographic fractions was similar. Vesicles were dissolved by the addition of exogenous bile salts. Cholesterol is transported in human bile by both vesicles and micelles. The role of the vesicles may be particularly important in preventing cholesterol precipitation in dilute and supersaturated biles.

Bile↗
PubMed1986

Sabin-Feldman dye test in ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease.

The prevalence of Toxoplasma infection among patients with inflammatory bowel disease was studied. The Sabin-Feldman dye test was performed on 35 patients with Crohn's disease, 44 patients with ulcerative colitis, and 140 control patients. A higher incidence of positive reactions was found in Crohn's disease patients over the age of 40 (P less than 0.05). All other factors showed no significant differences among the three groups of patients. These factors include age younger than 40 years, sex, duration of disease, extent of disease, and type of treatment. It is concluded that there is no correlation between inflammatory bowel diseases and toxoplasmosis. Toxoplasma infection, however, should be considered in patients with Crohn's disease who are over 40 years old, and who present with nonspecific signs of intercurrent infection.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Energy intake and body weight in ovo-lacto vegetarians.

Vegetarians have a lower body weight than omnivores. In this study the relationship between the weight/height ratio and food consumption was evaluated in 92 ovo-lacto vegetarians and 113 omnivores in Israel. The average weight of the vegetarians was significantly lower than that of the omnivores (60.8 kg vs. 69.1 kg), even though the vegetarian diet supplied a significantly higher amount of calories than the nonvegetarian diet (3,030.5 cal/day vs. 2,626.8 cal/day). Consumption of fat was similar in both groups. Carbohydrate consumption was higher in the vegetarians while protein consumption was lower. The prevalence of obesity was significantly lower in the vegetarian group (5.4%) as compared to 19.5% among the omnivores. The lower body weight of vegetarians despite a higher caloric intake is of considerable interest.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Mineral intake and blood levels in vegetarians.

Concern has been raised that a long-term high-fiber diet may lead to mineral deficiencies. In this study, mineral intake and blood levels were investigated in 92 ovolacto vegetarians and 113 omnivores. The intake of iron, zinc, calcium and magnesium was adequate in both groups. The intake of iron and magnesium was significantly higher in the vegetarians. Mean blood levels of iron, iron binding capacity, calcium, phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase, zinc and magnesium were within normal limits in both groups. Serum magnesium levels were significantly higher in male vegetarians. Iron binding capacity was significantly lower in vegetarians of both sexes. It is concluded that a long-term ovolacto vegetarian diet does not lead to mineral deficiencies.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Is human methane production affected by long-term occupational exposure to a methanogenic flora?

The factors determining human methane production or nonproduction are unknown. Exposure at a young age to a methanogenic flora is thought to be of significance. We examined whether long-term occupational exposure to methanogenic flora in adult life affects methane production. Among 38 subjects who worked in a cowshed for a mean period of 14 +/- 15 years, the proportion of methane producers was identical to that found in well-matched controls. The length of work in the cowshed had no effect on methane production.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Gallstones and diet in Tel Aviv and Gaza.

To study the possible association between diet and gallstones we investigated these two variables in two populations in Tel Aviv and Gaza with presumed differences in both. Gallstones were more frequent in Jews in Tel Aviv than in Arabs in Gaza, 12.1% versus 3.8% (p less than 0.001). This difference was fully accounted for by the 60+ age groups in both populations. There were no significant differences in the frequency of gallstones among the 20-39 and 40-59 age groups. Numerous and marked differences in diet composition were found between both populations. Energy, carbohydrate and fiber intake was higher in Gaza. The consumption of unsaturated fats was greater in Gazans and their P/S ratio was higher, 0.92 versus 0.70 in Tel Aviv. Beef and fish were usually eaten in Gaza while poultry was more frequently consumed in Tel Aviv. There were also differences in vitamin and mineral consumption. It cannot be determined which, if any, of these dietary differences is related to the lower frequency of gallstones in the older population of Gaza. Alternatively it could be the diet eaten in Gaza many decades ago, presumably poorer in protein and fat, which is responsible for these differences.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

The development of methane production in childhood and adolescence.

Methane concentration in the expired air was analyzed in 393 infants, children, and adolescents. There was no methane production below the age of 3 years. In the age group 3-4 years, 6.4% of the children produced methane. The percentages were 14.3-18.2% in children aged 7-14. A rise in methane production to 39.4-45.9% was recorded from age 14 to 18, as compared with 49.4% in adults in Israel. The reasons for these changes in methane production with age are not known. Alterations in the colonic flora or the production of a specific substrate(s) are the main possibilities. In our opinion, the latter possibility deserves further investigation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Measurement of intestinal permeability using 51Cr-EDTA.

Intestinal permeability tests are a new class of tests of which the 51Cr-EDTA seemed the easiest to perform. We have evaluated the 8- and 24-h urinary excretion of ingested 51Cr-EDTA in 38 subjects. Twenty-seven patients with diseases not affecting the integrity of the small bowel served as controls. The test group consisted of two patients with celiac, six with Crohn's disease, and three with ulcerative colitis. Nineteen (70.37%) of the control patients had an abnormal test (more than 2.6% in 24 h). The patients with ulcerative colitis had normal excretion (mean 1.95% in 24 h). The patients with celiac disease had an elevated excretion (mean 3.62% in 24 h) and five out of six patients with Crohn's disease also had an increased excretion (mean 6.2% in 24 h). The elevated 51Cr-EDTA excretion in the control patients casts serious doubts on the validity of the test. Possible causes for abnormal excretion in the controls include various medications used by the patients as well as changes in the chromatographic mobility of 51Cr-EDTA, demonstrated by us after incubation with gastric juice.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Lactose malabsorption in Israeli children.

Lactose malabsorption during childhood was studied in 110 Jewish children in Israel, using the lactose hydrogen breath test. Sixty-eight subjects (61.8%) were lactose malabsorbers, 41 (60.3%) of whom were lactose-intolerant with symptoms evidenced during or following the tests, whereas 27 (39.7%) were symptom-free (tolerant malabsorbers). In the youngest age-group (4 months to 3 years), no lactose malabsorption was detected, whereas in the higher age-groups the prevalence of lactose malabsorption increased with age. The percentages of lactose malabsorption in the age-groups 3 to 6, 6 to 12 and 12 to 16 years were 56.5, 65.2 and 75.0%, respectively. The percentages of lactose-intolerant subjects also increased in the same age-group, to 26.5, 39.1 and 65.0%. There were no significant differences in lactose malabsorption and tolerance between the various ethnic groups tested. The peak values of breath hydrogen were higher in lactose-intolerant than in lactose-tolerant malabsorbers.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Gastrointestinal tumors in acromegalic patients.

More than 30 years ago the association between growth hormone and certain tumors was established in animal studies. However, the few clinical studies on acromegalic patients usually failed to demonstrate such a link. It was only recently that acromegaly was found to be associated with other endocrine tumors and with a high incidence of colonic polyps. In a retrospective study we looked for gastrointestinal cancer in 48 acromegalic patients. Five were identified, two cancers of the stomach, two of the colon, and one of the rectum. One patient with stomach cancer and one with sigmoid carcinoma also had recurrent colonic polyps. It is postulated that in our patients, by some yet to be identified mechanisms, the incidence of gastrointestinal cancer is significantly increased in acromegaly.

Acromegaly↗