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Biomedical subjects

T Gibson

Publications and source records attributed to T Gibson.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

The efficacy of lower axillary sampling in obtaining lymph node status in breast cancer: a controlled randomized trial.

Four hundred and seventeen patients with operable breast cancer treated by simple mastectomy were randomly allocated to have node sampling or total axillary clearance. There was no significant difference in the incidence of node positivity. One hundred and thirty-five patients had node sampling and were randomized at the completion of this procedure to have axillary clearance or to have no further surgery. All node positive patients who went on to have a clearance had positive samples, confirming the accuracy of the sampling technique.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed1985

The diagnostic value of synovial biopsy in patients with arthritis of unknown cause.

Synovial biopsy of a knee joint was performed in 59 patients with arthritis of unknown cause. Light microscopy revealed a diagnosis in three. A cause became apparent in only a further 23 over a prolonged period of follow-up. Neither light microscopy, immunofluorescence nor electron microscopy discriminated between te principal diagnostic groups. Synovial fluid analysis was better than synovial biopsy at predicting osteoarthritis. Five men with giant effusions developed osteoarthritis and these might represent an entity. Synovial inflammatory changes were less pronounced in those with longer histories. Disease duration and activity may have more influence on synovial characteristics than the nature of the disorder.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Micromethod for bleeding time in the newborn.

A new method of measuring bleeding time using an Autolet device is described. Normal ranges of bleeding time and volume of blood used in the test have been defined in a population including preterm babies. Abnormal values have been shown in newborns with a variety of problems, and an abnormality of bleeding time has been found to precede intraventricular haemorrhage.

Bleeding Time↗
PubMed1985

Use of simple analgesics in rheumatoid arthritis.

The usefulness of anti-inflammatory drugs in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is beyond dispute. The role of simple analgesics is less clear and has been disputed. A survey of 21 rheumatologists indicated that a majority sometimes supplemented anti-inflammatory treatment of RA with simple analgesics. A random sample of 120 RA patients treated by the same doctors revealed that 47% ranked pain relief as the most desirable objective of their treatment and 54% were taking analgesics regularly. Of those receiving analgesics as well as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs 48% considered the former to be the more effective preparations. Almost half the patients on analgesics were taking drugs without the knowledge of the rheumatologists, who may have underestimated their patients' desire for pain relief.

Acetaminophen↗
PubMed1984

Structure of murine complement component C3. II. Nucleotide sequence of cloned complementary DNA coding for the alpha chain.

From the inserts of two recombinant plasmids isolated from a murine liver cDNA library, the nucleotide sequence coding for the C3 alpha chain was obtained and the corresponding amino acid sequence was derived. The alpha chain portion of the mRNA is 2979 nucleotides long, specifying a polypeptide of 993 amino acids. The molecular weight of the alpha chain, in the absence of carbohydrate, was calculated from the sequence data to be 112,933. Two possible carbohydrate attachment sites were predicted at residues 269 (Asn) and 947 (Asn). In addition, the positions for two putative factor I cleavage sites were predicted from a comparison with the cleavage sites in the human C3 alpha chain. The C3 alpha chain contains 24 cysteine residues, 10 of these clustered in the C-terminal 175 amino acids of the alpha chain. Together with the accompanying report (Lundwall, A, Wetsel, R.A., Domdey, H., Tack, B.F., and Fey, G.H. (1984) J. Biol. Chem. 259, 13851-13856), this study completes the nucleotide and amino acid structure of the murine precursor prepro-C3 molecule.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1984

Homology between two EBV early genes and HSV ribonucleotide reductase and 38K genes.

Computer-matching of amino acid sequences predicted from the complete EBV DNA sequence against the known HSV gene sequences has revealed significant homology between two EBV reading frames and the HSV1 and HSV2 140K and 38K proteins which are associated with ribonucleotide reductase activity. The two genes are arranged tandemly as in HSV though it appears that, unlike HSV, the two mRNAs are not 3' co-terminal. We have mapped two promoters predicted from the DNA sequence for these genes and shown them to be transcribed at a similar stage in the virus life cycle to that of the HSV genes.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1984

Azapropazone--a treatment for hyperuricaemia and gout?

In a metabolic ward study of five patients, azapropazone lowered plasma uric acid but exerted only a modest and variable uricosuric effect without altering urinary xanthine and hypoxanthine levels. An alternative mechanism other than uricosuria or xanthine oxidase inhibition must account for some of the hypouricaemic action of this drug. During the first day of treatment urine volume and pH declined sharply. In a separate investigation, 22 patients were given azapropazone and 18 were given allopurinol combined with colchicine for 3 months. Allopurinol reduced plasma uric acid more quickly but at the end of the study there was little difference in the hypouricaemic results achieved by both drugs. Recurrent gout occurred more frequently with allopurinol but side-effects were confined to those taking azapropazone. A slight rise in blood urea and creatinine and a fall in haemoglobin were also features of long-term azapropazone treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Beer drinking and its effect on uric acid.

This study attempted to simulate the drinking habits of gout patients. Beer or squash was drunk over a 4-hour period on two successive days by five gouty and five normouricaemic men. Serum lactate increased with beer and squash, but elevation of plasma uric acid was confined to beer drinking. Urate clearance increased with both beverages, but 24-hour uric acid excretion was accentuated only by beer. The purine content of several beers was measured and the principal constituent found to be guanosine, which is probably the most readily absorbed dietary purine. It was concluded that the hyperuricaemic effect of beer was mediated by the digestion of purines contained by the beer and by an effect of ethanol on uric acid synthesis. There was no evidence that beer taken in usual quantities reduced the renal excretion of uric acid.

Alcohol Drinking↗
PubMed1984

Hyperuricaemia, gout and kidney function in New Zealand Maori men.

Several previous studies have demonstrated an increased prevalence of gout in New Zealand Maoris. The aetiology of the hyperuricaemia and its effect on morbidity, apart from gout, are unknown. A survey of 115 Maori men of working age revealed a history of gout in 10 (8%) and asymptomatic hyperuricaemia in 26 (23%). The relationship of hyperuricaemia with obesity was confirmed. Alcohol did not make an obvious contribution to the prevalence of hyperuricaemia. Hypertension was more common and creatinine clearance lower amongst those with gout, but not significantly so. The frequency of hypertension and mean creatinine clearance were similar to that seen in asymptomatic hyperuricaemia and normouricaemia. Urate clearance was lower in the gouty and hyperuricaemic subjects. The normouricaemic Maoris had a reduced fractional urate clearance compared with normal men elsewhere. They also excreted a relatively small proportion of hydrogen as ammonium. Both these features are characteristic of gout, and suggest that the Maoris' susceptibility to hyperuricaemia has a renal mechanism. Obesity is common amongst the Maoris and accentuates their natural tendency to hyperuricaemia.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

A pharmacokinetic comparison of choline magnesium trisalicylate and soluble aspirin.

Claims that twice-daily dosage of choline magnesium trisalicylate (CMT) may alter salicylate disposal kinetics and result in sustained plasma levels were examined. Plasma levels, urine excretion and pharmacokinetics of salicylate were estimated in six men following the recommended twice-daily dose of CMT and a smaller dose of soluble aspirin. The plasma salicylate levels achieved with CMT were lower than those seen in previous studies but this probably reflected differences of methodology. Salicylate levels were not sustained between doses and elimination rates and half-life were similar for both preparations. No major alteration of disposal kinetics could be demonstrated for CMT with the dose used in the present study.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1984

Combined treatment of post-menopausal osteoporosis: effect on muscle function and a new radiological method for assessing trabecular bone.

Ten women presenting with at least two osteoporotic vertebral crush fractures were treated with alfacalcidol (one-alpha-hydroxycholecalciferol), calcium lactogluconate, oestrogen and progestagen for 6 months. Significant improvements in the patient's assessment of pain, grip strength, walking and stair climbing times were found. These suggest that a sub-clinical myopathy may be a feature of osteoporosis. The role of combination treatment is discussed in depth. Radiographs of the thoracic and lumbar spines revealed no further deterioration and there was no significant reduction in standing height. Microfocal radiographs of the hand showed no change in metacarpal cortical bone width. This novel technique allowed a qualitative assessment of trabecular bone in the distal metacarpal but no consistent effect of treatment was observed.

Aged↗