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Biomedical subjects

T G Zullo

Publications and source records attributed to T G Zullo.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1998

Reliability of three methods of occlusion classification.

Four orthodontic faculty at one dental school classified 25 dental casts according to the classification systems of Angle, Katz, and the British Incisor Classification. The dental casts were selected from a pool of 350 pretreatment graduate orthodontic cases and were those deemed the most atypical. The results demonstrated that Katz's classification was more reliable than both Angle and the British. Angle's classification was the least reliable of the three methods.

Humans↗
PubMed1995

Obliterative bronchiolitis after lung and heart-lung transplantation. An analysis of risk factors and management.

With a prevalence of 34% (55/162 at-risk recipients) and a mortality of 25% (14/55 affected recipients), obliterative bronchiolitis is the most significant long-term complication after pulmonary transplantation. Because of its importance, we examined donor-recipient characteristics and antecedent clinical events to identify factors associated with development of obliterative bronchiolitis, which might be eliminated or modified to decrease its prevalence. We also compared treatment outcome between recipients whose diagnosis was made early by surveillance transbronchial lung biopsy before symptoms or decline in pulmonary function were present versus recipients whose diagnosis was made later when symptoms or declines in pulmonary function were present. Postoperative airway ischemia, an episode of moderate or severe acute rejection (grade III/IV), three or more episodes of histologic grade II (or greater) acute rejection, and cytomegalovirus disease were risk factors for development of obliterative bronchiolitis. Recipients with obliterative bronchiolitis detected in the preclinical stage were significantly more likely to be in remission than recipients who had clinical disease at the time of diagnosis: 81% (13/15) versus 33% (13/40); p < 0.05). These results indicate that acute rejection is the most significant risk factor for development of obliterative bronchiolitis and that obliterative bronchiolitis responds to treatment with augmented immunosuppression when it is detected early by surveillance transbronchial biopsy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

A retrospective study of the effects of edentulism on the severity rating of tardive dyskinesia.

Edentulism has been reported to be a risk factor in the development of spontaneous orofacial dyskinesia. This study aimed to determine whether edentulism increases the severity rating of tardive dyskinesia in psychiatric subjects treated with neuroleptic medication. The filed Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale reports of 84 edentulous and 109 dentate outpatients with schizophrenic or schizoaffective disorder were examined retrospectively. To compare dyskinesia ratings in different body areas with dental status and gender, 2 x 2 multivariate analysis of variance was used. Results show that edentulous subjects had significantly higher dyskinesia ratings in the orofacial categories but not in other body areas. Gender had no influence on dyskinesia ratings. These results indicate that tooth loss may considerably increase the severity of tardive dyskinesia, a finding that suggests a possible role of preventive and prosthetic dentistry in the health care of patients at risk for this condition.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1993

Assessing condylar changes with digital subtraction radiography.

Transcranial radiographs of the temporomandibular joint with and without simulated pathology were compared with digital subtracted and histogram equalized images of the same joints. Subtracted images had specificity and sensitivity values of 0.83 and 0.76 respectively, compared with values of 0.42 and 0.54 for conventional radiographs. It was concluded that digital subtraction radiography has the potential to increase the diagnostic yield of transcranial temporomandibular radiography for bony changes to the condylar head.

Chi-Square Distribution↗
PubMed1993

An investigation of accessory foramina in furcation areas of human primary molars: Part 1. SEM observations of frequency, size and location of accessory foramina in the internal and external furcation areas.

Although the existence of accessory foramina in the furcation area and roots of permanent teeth has been demonstrated, the presence of accessory foramina in furcation areas of primary molars is less certain. This investigation was conducted to determine the presence or absence of accessory foramina in the furcation areas of human primary molars using the scanning electron microscope (SEM). Twenty extracted, carious and noncarious human primary molars were placed in fixative and then mounted in a hard tissue cutting machine: ten teeth were cut transversely 2.0mm coronal to the floor of the pulpal chamber and ten teeth were cut transversely 2.0mm apical to the external furcation. Both the internal and external furcation surfaces of these sectioned molars were debrided with sodium hypochlorite/hydrogen peroxide solutions to remove organic materials, which might obscure visibility of possible foramina and then rinsed in water and dried. The tissues were then prepared for and examined by SEM. Twenty percent of the molars examined by SEM on the internal furcation surface and 50% of the molars examined by SEM on the external furcation surface demonstrated accessory foramina.

Child↗
PubMed1993

An investigation of accessory canals in furcation areas of human primary molars: Part 2. Latex perfusion studies of the internal and external furcation areas to demonstrate accessory canals.

Four classes of accessory canals: "true," "blind," "looping" and "enclosed" canals have been suggested to exist in furcation areas of primary teeth. Although the existence of accessory canals in the furcation areas and roots of permanent teeth has been demonstrated, their presence in furcation areas of primary teeth is uncertain. This investigation was conducted to determine the presence or absence of accessory canals in the furcation areas of human primary molars using a variety of latex perfusion techniques. Twenty extracted, noncarious human primary molars were placed in fixative and then sectioned on a hard tissue cutting machine: ten teeth were cut transversely 2.0 mm coronal to the floor of the pulpal chamber and ten teeth were cut transversely 2.0 mm apical to the external furcation area. The internal and external furcation surfaces of these sectioned molars were debrided with sodium hypochlorite/hydrogen peroxide solutions, rinsed in water and dried to remove organic materials, which might obscure the existence of possible canals. Twenty of these extracted teeth were examined by SEM to detect the possible presence of accessory foramina in the internal and external furcation areas (Part 1). Twenty percent of the molars examined by SEM on the IFA and 50 percent of the molars examined by SEM on the EFA exhibited accessory foramina. Twenty molars were perfused with low viscosity latex using vacuum [negative] pressure (10 molars) and positive pressure (10 molars) to detect the possible existence of the patency and the extent of such accessory canals in the internal and external furcation areas (Part 2).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Child↗
PubMed1992

Nasal cannula and transtracheal oxygen delivery. A comparison of patient response after 6 months of each technique.

The purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy of transtracheal (TT) oxygen delivery to that of nasal cannula delivery in subjects with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Twenty subjects (14 men, 6 women) were followed for 6 months during nasal cannula delivery. A TT catheter was then inserted, and measurements were repeated during TT use. With TT delivery, subjects required 45% less oxygen at rest and 39% less during exercise (p less than 0.0001). Oxygen use, measured by pounds of oxygen delivered to the home, also decreased, but the magnitude of change was less than anticipated (mean, 14%; range, +4% to -32%). Hospital days decreased from 12 +/- 10 during nasal cannula use to 4 +/- 6 during TT use (p less than 0.002). Exercise tolerance, as measured by a 12-min walk distance, was greater during TT use (p less than 0.0001). No change was seen in spirometry or acid-base balance. Also, no change was seen in Profile of Mood States, Sickness Impact Profile or Katz Adjustment Scale scores. Some problems were encountered relating to use of the catheter (displacement, mucus balls), but they were minor, and most were confined to the initial 2 months of TT use when the tract was immature. Our experience suggests that, in addition to decreasing oxygen flow rate, use of TT delivery may confer benefits that result in improved exercise tolerance and decreased hospitalization in patients with COPD.

Catheterization↗
PubMed1992

Effects of a closed tracheal suction system on ventilatory and cardiovascular parameters.

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether patients ventilated in the assist-control mode experienced a change in oxygenation, respiratory rate, inspiratory:expiratory ratio, heart rate, blood pressure or acid-base balance when suctioned with a closed tracheal suction system. DESIGN: A quasi-experimental, within-subject, repeated-measures design was used. SUBJECTS: 18 patients ventilated on a fraction of inspired oxygen of 0.47 +/- 0.17 and 2.3 +/- 5.0 cm H2O positive end-expiratory pressure. INTERVENTIONS: Two suction passes were performed, with measurements at baseline, immediately after the first suction pass, immediately before the second suction pass, immediately after the second suction pass, 2 minutes after the second suction pass and 5 minutes after the second suction pass. No hyperoxygenation was used. RESULTS: Significant differences were seen over time for arterial oxygen saturation, respiratory rate and inspiratory:expiratory ratio. Arterial oxygen saturation decreased to less than 90% in four subjects (range 88% to 89%), with a maximum fall of 9%. No significant differences were seen for heart rate, blood pressure, partial pressure of carbon dioxide, bicarbonate, time to nadir (lowest arterial oxygen saturation) or recovery time. CONCLUSIONS: Subjects ventilated in the assist-control mode and suctioned with a closed tracheal suction system did not experience significant changes in cardiovascular or acid-base parameters when suctioned without hyperoxygenation. Although most subjects did not become desaturated, four subjects experienced desaturation at one or more intervals. To prevent desaturation, hyperoxygenation should be used before and after suctioning with a closed tracheal suction system.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

Pulp test response of the maxillary anterior teeth in cleft palate patients.

The relative pulpal responsiveness of the six maxillary incisors to electrical and cold thermal stimuli was tested in patients with complete unilateral and bilateral clefts. The six maxillary anterior teeth were tested at random to electrical stimuli. After a 5-minute interval, the same teeth were tested at random to cold stimuli with an ice pencil. Unilateral and bilateral cleft palate patients had statistically significant higher mean electrical pulp test thresholds for the maxillary anterior teeth than the noncleft palate patients. No statistically significant difference between unilateral and bilateral cleft palate patients was found in electric pulp test responses of the maxillary anterior teeth. No statistically differences in electric pulp test responses and cold test responses of the maxillary anterior teeth in both cleft palate and noncleft palate individuals based on differences in sex were observed. No statistically significant difference in cold test responses were observed between cleft palate and noncleft palate patients. Cleft palate patients who completed orthodontic treatment within 1 year of testing showed elevated mean electrical pulp test thresholds as did noncleft palate patients who received orthodontic treatment within 1 year of testing.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Patient response to transtracheal oxygen delivery.

We compared the effectiveness of transtracheal oxygen delivery with that of nasal cannula delivery in 10 subjects with severe hypoxemia who had previously used a portable liquid oxygen system for 20 +/- 12 months. Arterial blood gas measurements, spirometry, and an exercise test were performed prior to catheter insertion and at 2 and 6 months after insertion. With transtracheal oxygen delivery, subjects significantly (p less than 0.0001) reduced their oxygen requirement while maintaining previous exercise capacity. No change occurred in pH, PaCO2, or in spirometry. Of the 10 subjects, 4 have continued catheter use with excellent acceptance. Three experienced complications after insertion, which necessitated catheter removal. Two elected to discontinue the catheter despite subjective improvement in dyspnea. One subject died after an exacerbation of COPD. Our experience confirms findings of others that transtracheal oxygen delivery significantly reduces oxygen requirement. However, in this study, we encountered complications requiring removal of the catheter and variability in patient acceptance. Results indicate the need for additional controlled studies to identify which patients will benefit most from those potentially promising system for delivery of chronic oxygen therapy.

Catheterization↗
PubMed1987

Evaluation of two methods used to stabilize oral endotracheal tubes.

This study examined the effects of using an oral endotracheal tube holder versus conventional taping for stabilization of oral endotracheal tubes. Twenty-five patients were studied for 4 days, while 5 remained in the study 3 days. Each of the 30 patients had each of the two methods of stabilization in place for at least 1 day. The oral endotracheal tube holder significantly (p less than 0.0001) decreased both internal and external movement of the tube. Although self-extubation did occur in two instances, it was evaluated as less likely to occur when the tube holder was used to secure the endotracheal tube. Skin breakdown was also observed less frequently with the tube holder. Overall, nursing staff had a higher level of acceptance of the tube holder as the method of choice for stabilization of an oral endotracheal tube. Patient perceptions of the system were not evaluated because of the degree of illness of the patients.

Adhesives↗
PubMed1986

Relationship of skeletal pattern and nasal form.

This article investigates the relationship of skeletal facial pattern and soft-tissue nasal form. The case sample comprises 123 white female subjects, aged 11.0 to 20.6 years, with no histories of pathology, trauma, surgical intervention, or orthodontic treatment. Measurements were made from cephalometric radiographs, posteroanterior radiographs, and the physioprint photographs. Skeletal classifications were based on the relationship of the maxilla to the mandible; the three classifications were straight profile, retrusive chin profile, and prognathic profile. Pearson product--moment correlation coefficients were used to test intercorrelations of all quantitative variables (including age) with each other. Correlations were highly significant for age, the three profile measurements, and two of the frontal measurements. Hence, noses and skeletal structures showed, as expected, increases with age. Also, profile measurements were highly significantly correlated; larger noses were larger in all profile dimensions. A stepwise discriminant analysis was used to study nonquantitative categories of nasal shape (straight, convex, and concave). This analysis indicated that more than 86% of patients in the sample of 123 demonstrated a correlation of nasal shapes with specific skeletal groupings. Patients with straight profiles tended to have straight noses; convex profiles accompanied convex nasal shapes; and concave profiles were found with concave nasal shapes. The clinical significance of this research is to emphasize the importance of total facial harmony (especially nasal shape) during orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning.

Adolescent↗