Low-dose external beam irradiation for bilateral diffuse choroidal hemangioma.
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Child↗
Biomedical subjects
T G Murray
Publications and source records attributed to T G Murray.
New retinoblastoma tumors in children undergoing systemic chemotherapy.
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Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗
Melanomas that develop within the eye inhibit lymphocyte proliferation.
Experiments were performed to compare the ability of ocular and skin melanoma cells to stimulate T cells. Primary melanoma cell lines were obtained from a series of patients with either eye or skin melanoma. The ability of tumor cells to stimulate T cells in the absence of exogenous growth factors was assessed in mixed-lymphocyte tumor cell cultures in which allogeneic lymphocytes were stimulated with irradiated ocular or skin melanoma cells. Expression of HLA class I and class II on tumor cells, in the presence or absence of IFN-gamma, was determined by flow cytometry. The ability of tumor cells to inhibit T-cell proliferation was determined by adding various concentrations of irradiated tumor cells to standard mixed-lymphocyte cultures. Our results indicate that primary skin melanoma cells induce vigorous proliferation of allo-antigen-specific T cells. By contrast, ocular melanoma cells failed to induce significant T-cell proliferation. The failure of ocular melanoma cells to stimulate lymphocyte proliferation was not due to low levels of either class I or class II on tumor cells since tumor cells treated with IFN-gamma expressed high levels of class I and class II but still failed to induce lymphocyte proliferation. Ocular melanoma cells inhibited lymphocyte proliferation, as shown by experiments in which a small number of tumor cells prevented proliferation of T cells in mixed-lymphocyte cultures. Inhibition of lymphocyte proliferation required cell-to-cell contact, and supernatants from tumor cell cultures did not prevent lymphocyte proliferation. Moreover, the ability of ocular melanoma cells to inhibit T-cell proliferation was lost when tumor cells migrated from the eye and formed hepatic metastases. We conclude that there is a fundamental difference in the immunogenicity of ocular and skin melanoma cells. Ocular melanomas, but not primary skin melanomas, are poorly immunogenic tumors that inhibit T-cell proliferation. Our results imply that the immunogenicity of melanoma cells is altered when they develop within the unique ocular micro-environment.
Antigens, Neoplasm↗
Subconjunctival carboplatin therapy and cryotherapy in the treatment of transgenic murine retinoblastoma.
OBJECTIVES: To determine the efficacy and dose response of subconjunctival carboplatin with and without cryotherapy in the treatment of murine transgenic hereditary retinoblastoma. METHODS: Fifty-one 5-week-old transgenic BLH SV-40 (Charles Rivers Laboratories, Boston, Mass) T-antigen-positive mice with retinoblastoma were administered 6 subconjunctival injections of carboplatin in 1 eye at drug doses of 10, 15, 20, 25, 62.5, 125, and 250 microg. Six control eyes received 6 subconjunctival injections of balanced salt solution. Fourteen of the 51 subconjunctivally treated eyes received a single application of transconjunctival cryotherapy immediately prior to each carboplatin injection. Six control eyes received 6 single applications of transconjunctival cryotherapy using the above schedule but did not receive carboplatin. All experimental and control eyes were obtained at 16 weeks of age for histopathologic examination. RESULTS: A dose-dependent inhibition of intraocular tumor growth by subconjunctivally delivered carboplatin was observed in these transgenic retinoblastoma mice. Tumor development was inhibited in 50% of the mouse eyes at doses of 180 microg. In animals treated with cryotherapy alone, no tumor control was noted (0 of 6). In animals treated with subconjunctival carboplatin coupled with cryotherapy, a tumor control dose of 417 microg was found. No evidence of histopathologic treatment toxicity was noted. CONCLUSIONS: Subconjunctival delivery of carboplatin in serial doses effectively inhibits intraocular tumor growth in a dose-dependent fashion in a transgenic murine retinoblastoma model. Cryotherapy does not increase tumor control in this murine retinoblastoma model.
Animals↗
Small choroidal melanoma.
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Choroid Neoplasms↗
Visual acuity outcomes among patients with appositional suprachoroidal hemorrhage.
OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the study is to investigate visual acuity outcomes among patients with appositional suprachoroidal hemorrhage and to identify clinical features associated with visual prognosis. DESIGN: The study design was a retrospective chart review. PARTICIPANTS: All patients whose ocular echographic examination results showed appositional suprachoroidal hemorrhage at the Bascom Palmer Eye Institute between January 1, 1987, and December 31, 1996 were included. Fifty-one patients were identified. INTERVENTION: Demographic and clinical data were abstracted from patients' medical records. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Visual acuity at 3, 6, and 12 months posthemorrhage and clinical features associated with visual prognosis were defined. RESULTS: At final follow-up fifteen (29.4%) patients achieved either their prehemorrhage visual acuity (n = 7) or a visual acuity of 20/200 or better (n = 8), but 14 (27.5%) patients had no light perception. Predictors of a poor visual outcome include vitreous incarceration in the wound/bleb (P = 0.014), concurrent or delayed retinal detachment (P = 0.003), and afferent pupillary defect on presentation (P = 0.002). Poorer visual acuity on presentation (r = 0.37, P = 0.008) and longer duration of central retinal apposition (r = 0.51, P < 0.001) also were significantly associated with poor final visual acuity. Patients in whom the suprachoroidal hemorrhage maintained an appositional configuration for more than 14 days were more likely to have worse final visual acuities than were patients with appositional choroidals for fewer than 14 days (P = 0.006). The association between duration of apposition and final visual acuity was significant, both among patients whose suprachoroidal hemorrhages were observed (n = 26, r = 0.60, P = 0.001) and among patients who underwent secondary surgical intervention (n = 23, r = 0.66, P = 0.001). Patients with postoperative suprachoroidal hemorrhages achieved better final visual acuities than did patients in whom suprachoroidal hemorrhages developed intraoperatively or after trauma (P = 0.038). CONCLUSIONS: Appositional suprachoroidal hemorrhage is a serious ocular complication with a guarded visual prognosis. A variety of clinical features, including vitreous incarceration in the wound/bleb, concurrent or delayed retinal detachment, afferent pupillary defect, presenting visual acuity, and duration of central retinal apposition, may help predict visual outcome.
Adult↗
Removal of retained lens fragments after phacoemulsification reverses secondary glaucoma and restores visual acuity.
PURPOSE: The purpose of the study is to evaluate the effect of vitrectomy on secondary glaucoma and visual acuity outcomes in patients with retained lens fragments after phacoemulsification. METHODS: A retrospective analysis of 126 patients who had vitrectomy for retained lens fragments after phacoemulsification during the 3-year period between January 1, 1993, and December 31, 1995. RESULTS: Glaucoma, defined as an intraocular pressure of greater than or equal to 30 mmHg, occurred in 42 (36.8%) of 114 patients before vitrectomy and in 4 patients (3.2%) of 126 after vitrectomy. There were no differences in the rates of persistent glaucoma regardless of the intervals between cataract surgery and the vitrectomy: less than or equal to 1 week, 2 patients (4.1%); greater than 1 week to less than or equal to 4 weeks, 1 patient (2.5%) and greater than 4 weeks, 1 patient (2.6%). The visual acuity was 20/40 or better in 13 patients (11.4%) before vitrectomy and in 75 patients (59.5%) after vitrectomy. The rates of visual acuity 20/40 or better also were similar for all intervals: less than or equal to 1 week, 29 patients (59.2%); greater than 1 week to less than or equal to 4 weeks, 22 patients (56.4%) and greater than 4 weeks, 24 patients (63.1%). CONCLUSIONS: Vitrectomy for removal of retained lens fragments reduces secondary glaucoma and yields favorable visual acuity outcomes. In eyes with elevated intraocular pressure, early vitrectomy generally is recommended, but delayed vitrectomy also has favorable outcomes.
Adult↗
Expression of MAGE genes in ocular melanoma during progression from primary to metastatic disease.
Primary melanomas that form within the eye have a unique pattern of disease progression as compared with melanomas that form within the skin. A high percentage of patients (approximately 50%) develop metastatic tumors that occur predominately in the liver. An unusual characteristic of ocular melanomas is the prolonged disease-free interval that extends for many years between the development of primary and metastatic tumors. It is estimated that the shortest interval between dissemination of tumor cells from the eye and the appearance of clinically detectable metastases is 6 years. A recent report indicated that fresh uveal melanoma tissue and metastatic tumor biopsies failed to express melanoma antigen gene (MAGE)-1, MAGE-2, or MAGE-3. In the present study, we examined the expression of MAGE genes on fresh and cultured tumor cells obtained from an ocular melanoma patient during different stages of progressive disease. MAGE gene expression was determined by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction using MAGE-1, MAGE-2 and MAGE-3 specific primers. Our results demonstrate that primary ocular tumor tissue and cultured tumor cells both express significant levels of MAGE-1, 2, and 3 at the time of enucleation. A high percentage of tumor cells within the primary tumor appear to express MAGE as demonstrated by consistent MAGE expression in 16 tumor cell clones. Metastatic liver tumors that developed 3 years after enucleation and 18 years after the initial formation of the primary tumor also expressed high levels of MAGE-1, -2, and -3. MAGE was expressed on fresh tumor tissue from a single biopsy and cultured tumor cells obtained from three of four different metastatic tumor nodules. When the MAGE-negative metastatic tumor cells were treated with the demethylating agent 5-Aza-2-Deoxycytidine (5-Aza-dC), transcription of MAGE-1 was restored, indicating the MAGE genes were not deleted. Our results demonstrate that in some patients, MAGE genes are expressed on primary and metastatic ocular melanomas.
Antigens, Neoplasm↗
Expression of MAGE genes in ocular melanoma cell lines.
The pathobiology of melanomas that develop within the eye is distinct from melanomas that develop within the subcutaneous tissues of the skin. This may be related to the unique structural and functional differences between normal melanocytes present within the uveal tract of the eye and the epidermal layers of the skin. The purpose of the present study was to determine whether normal pigmented cells within the eye (melanocytes and retinal pigment epithelial cells) and cultured cells derived from malignant ocular melanomas express the MAGE genes that encode tumor antigens that are recognized by specific CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes. In the present series of experiments, we examined MAGE expression in cultured ocular melanoma cells obtained from a group of 17 ocular melanoma patients. Normal ocular melanocytes and retinal pigment epithelial cells were recovered and cultured from eyes enucleated for trauma. MAGE gene expression was determined using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction specific for either MAGE-1, -2, or -3. Our results demonstrate that MAGE-1, MAGE-2, and MAGE-3 genes are transcribed in primary ocular melanoma cell lines and are detected in cells recovered from 41, 53, and 53% of the patients examined, respectively. Normal choroidal melanocytes and retinal pigment epithelial cells did not express MAGE genes. We conclude that cultured ocular melanoma cell lines express MAGE-1, MAGE-2, and MAGE-3 genes.
Antigens, Neoplasm↗
Treatment outcomes in a 10-year study of endogenous fungal endophthalmitis.
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To review prevalence of organisms, associated factors, and treatment outcomes from one medical center's 10-year experience managing culture-proven endogenous fungal endophthalmitis (EFE). PATIENTS AND METHODS: The authors retrospectively reviewed the microbiology and corresponding clinical records of patients diagnosed as having culture-proven EFE at the Bascom Palmer Eye Institute during a 10-year period. RESULTS: Culture-proven EFE occurred in 20 eyes of 18 patients. Candida species occurred in 17 of 20 eyes (85%), and Aspergillus species occurred in 3 of 20 eyes (15%). The most common association was long-term intravenous line placement, which was present in 12 patients (67%). Whereas 12 patients (67%) had a history of recent hospitalization, only 2 (11%) had a documented history of systemic fungal infection. After initial examination, only 2 patients had a systemic culture positive for a fungal organism (none had a positive blood culture). Treatment after initial examination included pars plana vitrectomy in 17 of the 20 eyes (85%), intravitreal amphotericin B in 19 eyes (95%), and systemic antifungal medication in 16 eyes of 15 patients. Thirteen of the 17 eyes (76%) with Candida endophthalmitis and 0 of 3 eyes with Aspergillus endophthalmitis achieved visual acuity of 20/400 or better. CONCLUSION: The most common cause of culture-proven EFE at the authors' institution is Candida species. The overall visual outcomes were more favorable for Candida cases than they were for Aspergillus cases. In the treatment of patients with marked vitreous infiltrates from EFE, pars plana vitrectomy, intravitreal amphotericin B injection, and administration of appropriate systemic antifungal medication (fluconazole for Candida) are generally recommended.
Adult↗
In vitro efficacy of carboplatin and hyperthermia in a murine retinoblastoma cell line.
PURPOSE: To determine the cell-killing activity of varying doses of carboplatin, graded hyperthermia, and the combination of carboplatin and hyperthermia in the treatment of a transgenic murine retinoblastoma cell line. METHODS: Replicate cell wells (more than six wells per dose point) from an established transgenic murine retinoblastoma cell line (Rb-6) were exposed to a single application of hyperthermia for 15, 30, 60, and 120 minutes at temperatures of 37 degrees C (control), 40 degrees C, and 43 degrees C. Carboplatin dose response treatment was studied at doses of 2000, 1000, 500, 400, 300, 200, 100, and 50 ng per well. Combined treatment studies used these carboplatin dosages with each of the graded hyperthermia exposure temperatures at each exposure time. At 24 hours, all wells were pulsed with 3H-thymidine for 24 hours, washed three times, harvested, and counted. Raw counts (3H-thymidine) were fitted to a linear regression model to calculate the lethal dose for 50% (LD50) of cells. RESULTS: The LD50 for carboplatin exposure at 37 degrees C occurred at 542 ng. The LD50 for hyperthermia at 40 degrees C occurred at 90 minutes and at 43 degrees C it occurred at 62 minutes. Combined hyperthermia and carboplatin exposure yielded a synergistic interaction with an LD50 of 327 ng at 43 degrees C for 30 minutes. Determination of a thermal enhancement ratio yielded an enhancement range of 1.1 to 25.8. CONCLUSIONS: The synergistic cytocidal interaction of heat and carboplatin in a transgenic murine retinoblastoma cell line has been established in this study. The increased thermal enhancement ratio documents the potential utility of combined treatment applications in reducing treatment levels of single-modality therapy, potentially allowing for a decrease in treatment-related morbidity.
Animals↗
Gene transfer of the CD80 costimulatory molecule into ocular melanoma cells using a novel episomal vector.
PURPOSE: The CD80 (B7.1) molecule, which is a necessary costimulatory signal for T-cell activation and proliferation, is a powerful inducer of antitumor immunity. In this study, primary human ocular melanoma cells were transfected with a novel vector (B45-Neo episomal vector) containing the complementary DNA (cDNA) for human CD80 to determine if this vector system is useful for stimulating CD8+ T cells. METHODS: Ocular melanoma cells were transfected with the B45-Neo episomal vector containing the cDNA for human CD80 and were positively selected in medium containing geneticin. The transcription of plasmid cDNA, plasmid copy number, and cell surface expression were determined on transfected tumor cell lines, and cloned tumor cells were obtained by limiting dilution techniques. The stability of CD80 expressed on tumor cells was determined after prolonged culture without geneticin and on irradiated cells. Autologous lymphocytes were restimulated with CD80+ tumor cells in the presence of recombinant interleukin-2 to determine whether CD8+ T cells were stimulated. RESULTS: CD80 was expressed on tumor cells transfected with the B45-Neo vector containing the cDNA for CD80. The level of CD80 expressed on different transfected tumor cell lines was heterogeneous and dependent on the plasmid copy number. High CD80 expression was observed on cloned tumor cells that possessed more than 520 plasmids per cell; intermediate levels were observed on tumor cells with approximately 240 to 520 plasmids. CD80+ ocular melanoma cells maintained a stable CD80 expression even after prolonged culture without geneticin, and on irradiated tumor cells. CD80 expressed on tumor cells was biologically functional and stimulated autologous CD8+ cells. CONCLUSIONS: The B45-Neo episomal vector induces stable expression of the CD80 costimulatory molecule on ocular melanoma cells. Our results indicate that this vector is suitable for experiments designed to genetically engineer ocular melanoma cells to stimulate CD8+ T cells.
B7-1 Antigen↗
Echographic findings in benign reactive lymphoid hyperplasia of the choroid.
BACKGROUND: Benign reactive lymphoid hyperplasia is an uncommon uveal tumor. Misdiagnosis may lead to unnecessary enucleations. Clinical evaluation alone is usually not sufficient to diagnose this tumor. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the utility of standardized echography in the recognition of this disease. METHODS: Retrospective review of the medical and echographic records of 6 patients with choroidal involvement of benign reactive lymphoid hyperplasia. RESULTS: Extraocular episcleral lymphoid nodules were present in 5 of the 6 patients and were usually seen as a late manifestation of the disease. Two patients had repeated echography after treatment of the tumor and showed marked regression of the episcleral nodules. CONCLUSIONS: A combination of clinical and echographic findings can assist in the accurate diagnosis of this rare uveal tumor. The presence of episcleral nodules on standardized echography supports the diagnosis.
Aged↗
Radiation therapy and ferromagnetic hyperthermia in the treatment of murine transgenic retinoblastoma.
BACKGROUND: Combined modality therapy for childhood retinoblastoma holds the potential of decreasing treatment-related morbidity while maintaining excellent tumor control rates. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy of external beam radiation therapy (EBRT), ferromagnetic hyperthermia (FMH), and the combination of both modalities in the control of ocular tumors in a transgenic murine model of retinoblastoma. METHODS: One hundred sixty-six mouse eyes from 4-week-old animals transgenically positive for simian virus 40 large T antigen were treated with a total dose of 10, 15, 20, 30, 40, 45, or 50 Gy of EBRT in 5-Gy fractions twice daily, with 48 degrees C or 54 degrees C FMH for 20 minutes, or with combined EBRT at 10 or 30 Gy and 48 degrees C or 54 degrees C FMH for 20 minutes. Serial histologic sections, obtained 8 weeks after treatment, were examined for the presence of tumor. RESULTS: The tumor control dose for 50% of eyes (TCD50) treated with EBRT occurred at 27.6 Gy. Ferromagnetic hyperthermia at 48 degrees C cured 30% (6/20) of eyes, while 54 degrees C FMH resulted in a 100% (20/20) cure rate. Combined treatment with 48 degrees C FMH and EBRT exhibited a TCD50 at 3.3 Gy. The thermal enhancement ratio was 8.4. Ferromagnetic hyperthermia at 54 degrees C exhibited tumor cure in all animals, but 25% of eyes were lost owing to secondary treatment complications. CONCLUSIONS: This represents the first documentation of tumor control via EBRT, ocular FMH, and a combination of these treatment modalities in this murine transgenic retinoblastoma model. The extent of treatment synergy in this model suggests that combined treatment application may allow a reduction in total ocular and periocular radiation dose while maintaining excellent local tumor control.
Animals↗
Local carboplatin and radiation therapy in the treatment of murine transgenic retinoblastoma.
BACKGROUND: Combined modality therapy in the treatment of retinoblastoma may decrease treatment-related morbidity and second tumor-associated mortality, while maintaining excellent tumor control rates. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate tumor control and potential synergy between intravitreally delivered carboplatin and external beam radiation therapy (EBRT), using a transgenic murine model of spontaneous heritable retinoblastoma. METHODS: Sixty-six mouse eyes from 4-week-old transgenic mice positive for the simian virus 40 large T antigen were evaluated. Thirty-three mice were treated with 5 intravitreal injections of carboplatin (ranging from 0.1-4.0 micrograms) combined with concurrent bilateral EBRT (ranging from 10-30 Gy) delivered in twice daily 5-Gy fractions. All eyes were followed up for treatment complications. Twelve weeks following final treatment, all eyes were enucleated, serial histologic sections obtained, and the eyes examined for the presence of retinoblastoma. RESULTS: No eye treated with 0.1 microgram of carboplatin and EBRT exhibited tumor control. Three (75%) of 4 mice receiving 1.0 microgram of carboplatin combined with 10-Gy EBRT had complete tumor control. Four (100%) of 4 mice receiving 1.0 microgram of carboplatin combined with 30-Gy EBRT had complete tumor control. Nine (100%) of 9 mice receiving 4.0 micrograms of carboplatin in combination with EBRT had complete tumor control. The chemotherapeutic enhancement ratio ranged from 1.07 to 3.24. CONCLUSIONS: Combined administration of intravitreal carboplatin and EBRT enhances local tumor control in murine retinoblastoma. Combining these treatment modalities may allow tumor control in selected patients with retinoblastoma while decreasing treatment-related morbidity and the mutagenic risks associated with radiation and systemic chemotherapy.
Animals↗
Formate-induced alterations in retinal function in methanol-intoxicated rats.
Formic acid is the toxic metabolite in methanol poisoning. Permanent visual damage in methanol-intoxicated humans and non-human primates has been associated with prolonged exposures (> 24 hr) to blood formate concentrations in excess of 7 mM; however, little information is available on the toxicity associated with chronic low-level or repeated exposure to methanol. The present studies compared the effects on retinal function and structure of rapidly increasing formate concentrations typical of acute methanol intoxication with low-level plateau formate concentrations more likely to be generated by subacute or chronic methanol exposure. Rats that accumulated formate concentrations of 8-15 mM developed metabolic acidosis, retinal dysfunction, and retinal histopathologic changes. Retinal dysfunction was measured as reductions in the a- and b-waves of the electroretinogram that occurred coincident with blood formate accumulation. Histopathologic studies revealed vacuolation in the retinal pigment epithelium and photoreceptor inner segments. Rats exposed to formate concentrations ranging from 4 to 6 mM for 48 hr showed evidence of retinal dysfunction in the absence of metabolic acidosis and retinal histopathology. These data indicate that formic acid generated from methanol oxidation acts as a direct retinal toxin. Formate-induced retinal dysfunction in methanol-intoxicated rats can be produced by steadily increasing concentrations of formate and importantly can also be produced by prolonged exposure to lower concentrations of formate. Our findings substantiate evidence based on clinical case reports and a small number of epidemiological studies and support the hypothesis that the visual system toxicity produced by acute, subacute, or chronic methanol poisoning share a common mechanism.
Animals↗
Endophthalmitis in patients with retained lens fragments after phacoemulsification.
PURPOSE: To review the treatment and outcomes of patients presenting with concurrent endophthalmitis and retained lens fragments after phacoemulsification. METHODS: A retrospective chart review was conducted on patients presenting with culture-proven endophthalmitis and retained lens fragments after phacoemulsification between 1990 and 1994. RESULTS: Five patients were identified with culture-proven endophthalmitis and retained lens fragments after phacoemulsification. In all patients, coagulase-negative staphylococci were cultured from the vitreous fluid. One patient also had positive cultures for Proteus mirabilis and Escherichia coli. The interval between cataract surgery and treatment ranged from 5 days to 6 months. Echography was beneficial in showing retained lens fragments in five of five patients when media opacities obscured the view of the fundus. Four patients had vitrectomy and removal of retained lens fragments during their initial treatment. The fifth patient was treated with intravitreal antibiotics alone and continued to have marked inflammation, eventually requiring vitrectomy for removal of the retained lens fragments. A final visual acuity of 20/400 or better was achieved in four of the five patients. CONCLUSIONS: Patients may present with endophthalmitis in the setting of retained lens fragments after phacoemulsification. In such cases, the preferred initial management may be pars plana vitrectomy, removal of retained lens fragments, and injection of intraocular antibiotics. In eyes with endophthalmitis and opaque media, echography is a useful screening modality.
Aged↗
Useful visual outcomes after treatment of Bacillus cereus endophthalmitis.
PURPOSE: Bacillus cereus endophthalmitis occurring after penetrating ocular trauma has been almost always associated with a poor visual outcome. The purpose of our study was to review and report patients who had useful visual acuity outcomes. METHODS: The study group consisted of five patients from a single medical center with penetrating ocular trauma and endophthalmitis caused by B. cereus. The study population was derived from a review of the microbiology records, clinical records, and operative reports of patients with culture-proven, post-traumatic endophthalmitis over a 15-year period. Patients were only included if the final visual acuity outcomes were 20/200 or better. RESULTS: All five patients had penetrating ocular injuries, and four patients had a retained intraocular foreign body. Endophthalmitis was diagnosed preoperatively in three patients and intraoperatively in two patients. All patients underwent pars plana vitrectomy and injection of intravitreal and periocular antibiotics. Postoperatively, a rhegmatogenous retinal detachment developed in three patients between 4 weeks and 12 months after the injury (average, 19 weeks); all retinal detachments were reattached with additional vitreoretinal surgery. Final postoperative visual acuities were 20/200 (two patients), 20/30 (one patient), and 20/25 (two patients). The postoperative follow-up time interval ranged from 12 months to 30 months (average, 19.2 months). CONCLUSION: The current series adds further support to the observation that certain eyes with post-traumatic B. cereus endophthalmitis may be associated with preservation of anatomic integrity and restoration of useful visual acuity.
Adolescent↗