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Biomedical subjects

T G Lohman

Publications and source records attributed to T G Lohman.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Methodological factors and the prediction of body fat in female athletes.

The effect of skinfold caliper, investigator technique, and various skinfold prediction equations on estimates of body fatness was investigated using college-age female basketball players. Four skinfold calipers, four investigators, and five prediction equations from the literature were selected for study. Skinfolds were obtained on 16 athletes for each of five sites by all four investigators using each caliper. Triceps and subscapular skinfolds showed less variation among investigators (mean differences of 1-4 mm) as compared to suprailiac, abdomen, and thigh skinfolds (mean differences of up to 5-6 mm). Differences among investigators were less using the Harpenden and Holtain than for the Lange and Adipometer calipers. All three sources of variation--caliper, investigator, and prediction equation--contributed significantly to the variability in estimates of mean fat content of this sample, which ranged from 14.1-28.1% depending on which of the 80 caliper-investigator-prediction equation combinations (four calipers, four investigators, and five equations) was used. Using any one prediction equation, the range in mean percent fat due to the 16 caliper-investigator combinations was 7%. The results illustrate the need for standardization of skinfold sites, caliper, and prediction equations for reliable estimation of body composition in a specific population.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1980

An objective method for measurement of musculo-skeletal size to characterize body physique with application to the athletic population.

The purpose of this paper is to present an objective method for estimating the musculo-skeletal size in relation to height for use in the study of body physique in athletes. The method can be applied to various male and female athletic groups and indicates the relative musculo-skeletal size by the extent to which each group falls above or below the regression of FFB on height as derived from the non-athletic male and female populations. Athletes within both sexes are found to differ greatly among performance events in this aspect of physique with track runners having the least amount of FFB related to height (within 1 standard error of the non-athletic population regression line) and professional football players having the most (2 to 3 standard errors above the non-athletic population line). Measurement of FFB can be obtained by underwater weighing or anthropometric dimensions and thus this approach offers application to the study and assessment of relative musculo-skeletal size in a variety of laboratory and field settings.

Anthropometry↗
PubMed1978

Relationship of anthropometric dimensions to lean body mass in children.

This study is designed to compare the predictability of lean body mass, as measured by whole-body 40K spectrometry, from skinfolds, circumferences and skeletal widths in children 7 to 12 years of age. The specific skinfold sites were back, upper arm, side, waist, abdomen, and calf; the circumference sites were forearm, upper arm (flexed), wrist, thigh, calf, and chest (deflated); skeletal widths included wrist, knee, ankle, elbow, shoulder and hip. In a group of 163 boys, three skinfolds and body weight accounted for 89.7% of the variation in LBM, two circumferences and height and weight accounted for 87.2% of the variation in LBM, and two skeletal widths and height and weight accounted for 87.4% of the variation in LBM. Combining all measurement variables into one analysis resulted in five significant variables: weight, side skinfold, abdomen skinfold, forearm circumference and chest circumference with the coefficient of determination 90.6%, only slightly higher than with weight and three skinfolds. The significant variables from the combined analysis were then used to predict LBM in five separate age groups of boys and a sample of 44 girls. In general, weight, forearm and chest circumference contributed positively to LBM and side and abdomen skinfolds contributed negatively. The regression coefficients for each site were not significantly different among age groups. LBM in children can be estimated from skinfolds, circumferences or skeletal widths with considerable success, as has been shown to be the case in college-age adults.

Anthropometry↗
PubMed1978

The energy cost of overweight in the United States.

We have calculated the total fossil energy equivalent of the food calories saved by reducing the present degree of overweight (2.3 billion pounds for the adult United States population) to optimum body weight and the annual fossil energy reduction once all Americans reached their optimum weight. The energy saved by dieting to reach optimal weight is equivalent to 1.3 billion gallons of gasoline and the annual energy savings would more than supply the annual residential electrical demands of Boston, Chicago, San Francisco, and Washington, DC.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

The effect of physical training on the serum iron levels of college-age women.

Physical training in women has been found to be associated with a significant decrease in serum iron levels suggesting a state of deteriorating iron stores. To further study this phenomenon, seventeen women, aged 19 to 23 years, volunteered to participate in a 10-week physical training program to study the effect of training on serum iron levels. The training consisted of three 20-25 minute exercise bouts per week on a bicycle ergometer with individual workloads equivalent to approximately 70% of each subject's maximum aerobic capacity. Additionally, eight women, aged 19 to 28, volunteered to act as a control group. Assessments of hemoglobin (Hb), hematocrit (Hct), serum iron (SeFe), and maximum oxygen uptake (Vo2 max) were made on both groups prior to and at the conclusion of the training period. Upon completion of training, Vo2 max (ml/kg/min) increased by eleven percent (p less than .05) whereas Gb and Hct showed no significant changes for the trainign group with respect to the control group. Se Fe levels (microgram/100ml) in the training group did not differ significantly from those of the control group in both pre-training (128.8 +/- 7.6 vs 103.7 +/- 13.7, X +/- SE) and post-training (126.6 +/- 7.9 vs. 120.9 +/- 16.3, X +/- SE) conditions. Neither day of menstrual cycle nor use of oral contraceptives nor use of iron supplements was found to have any systematic effect on SeFe levels. The results suggest that short term physical training in college-age women does not significantly lower SeFe levels.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Urinary excretion of free noradrenaline and adrenaline in trained and untrained men.

Measurements of free noradrenaline and adrenaline were made in the urine of 28 men sampled after rest and exercise prior to, and following six and twelve weeks of an excercise programme. The training consisted of thirty minutes of running and walking four times per week at an intensity estimated at 75% of the age-predicted maximum heart rate. A fifteen minute standardized cycle ergometer work test was conducted on all subjects prior to the training and following six and twelve weeks of training. Noradrenaline and adrenaline excretions in the urine were measured before and after the work test.

Adult↗