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Biomedical subjects

T G Burish

Publications and source records attributed to T G Burish.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Psychogenic factors in predicting survival of breast cancer patients.

Considerable controversy and contradictory data exist about the notion that psychosocial factors can predict longevity in cancer patients. This study further addresses that issue by eliminating some of the methodological weaknesses of prior studies and focusing on a more tightly defined patient population. Forty-nine female metastatic breast cancer patients were given a variety of psychological tests. At the time of the analyses, all patients in the study had died from their disease. Patients were evenly divided into short-term survivors and long-term survivors based on length of survival as calculated both from date of diagnosis and from date of testing. The results indicated that there were no consistent differences between groups on any psychosocial variable assessed. These data suggest that, for breast cancer patients with metastatic disease, disease-related variables probably outweigh the influence of select psychosocial factors in determining length of survival.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Psychological impact of cancer on adolescents: self-image, locus of control, perception of illness and knowledge of cancer.

Two hundred and three healthy adolescents were compared with 31 adolescent cancer patients on self-image, health locus of control, perception of illness, and knowledge of cancer. No differences were found between the patient and the control groups on self-image. Adolescents with cancer had significantly lower internal orientation scores and higher external health locus of control scores. The adolescent patients also perceived cancer to be significantly less severe and better understood by doctors and they believed that cancer patients had a higher probability of recovery compared with normals. No differences were noted on a knowledge of cancer test between groups. Support was found for the theory that cancer diagnosis does influence health perception but does not contribute to a lower self-image. Increased knowledge of cancer may benefit some patients in coping with their disease.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1986

Cooperation with treatment in adolescent cancer patients.

Twenty-seven adolescent cancer patients were rated by two pediatric oncology nurses using a ten-item cooperation questionnaire. Cooperation scores were compared with patient ratings of self-image, perception of cancer, health locus of control, and knowledge of cancer. Although all patients were generally cooperative, younger adolescents appeared to be more cooperative than older adolescents. A significant positive relationship was found between cooperation and self-image whereas a negative relationship emerged between cooperation and an external locus of control orientation. Patients rated high in cooperation perceived cancer to be a more life-threatening disease than patients rated low in cooperation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Influence of personal and universal failure on the subsequent performance of persons with type A and type B behavior patterns.

We conducted this experiment to compare the task performance of Type A and Type B persons following failure on a task in which no one succeeded (universal failure) versus failure on a task in which others had succeeded (personal failure). Postfailure performance was measured in terms of speed of completion of anagrams. Initial analyses indicated that the failure manipulation was effective in influencing the subjects' perceived cause of their failures, and that subjects were more anxious and depressed following personal failure than universal failure. More important, we found that Type A subjects performed better following personal rather than universal failure, whereas type of failure had no effect on the performance of Type B subjects. The results suggest that contrary to what is usually thought, Type A persons do not struggle for success indiscriminately. The results are discussed in terms of need for control and self-esteem.

Achievement↗
PubMed1986

Antiemetic effect of oral versus intravenous metoclopramide in patients receiving cisplatin: a randomized, double-blind trial.

In a study of the antiemetic effectiveness of high-dose oral metoclopramide, 66 previously untreated patients receiving 60 mg/m2 cisplatin were entered into a double-blind randomized trial. Patients were stratified according to age and tumor type, then randomized to receive either oral or intravenous (IV) high-dose metoclopramide. Patients were evaluated for antiemetic protection, toxicity, affect (anxiety, hostility, and depression), and autonomic arousal (pulse rate and blood pressure) at three-hour intervals on the day of their chemotherapy. Metoclopramide serum levels were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography. Results indicated no significant differences between the oral and IV groups on any measurement of antiemetic protection, affect, or autonomic arousal. There were also no significant differences in side effects except for frequency of stools; patients who received oral metoclopramide had significantly more stools than patients who received IV metoclopramide. The mean (+/- SD) serum metoclopramide level at four hours achieved orally was 1,171 +/- 660 ng/mL; the mean (+/- SD) level achieved IV was 1,030 +/- 392 ng/mL (P = .498). We conclude that high-dose oral and IV regimens of metoclopramide as administered in this study have equivalent antiemetic efficacy in previously untreated patients receiving 60 mg/m2 cisplatin.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1983

Effectiveness of biofeedback for treating migraine and tension headaches: a review of the evidence.

A review of the research reveals no evidence that finger temperature biofeedback training or temporal artery pulse biofeedback training is effective for treating migraine headaches. On the other hand, there is evidence that EMG biofeedback training is effective for treating tension headaches, but the EMG biofeedback training is not more effective than less complex and less expensive relaxation training. Reasons for the ineffectiveness of biofeedback training are discussed. The results of the controlled investigations are in sharp contrast to the prevailing beliefs and the results have a variety of implications.

Alpha Rhythm↗
PubMed1983

Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol in cancer chemotherapy: research problems and issues.

A critical review of the literature assessing the antiemetic efficacy of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) in patients receiving cancer chemotherapy showed considerable inconsistency in results. The equivocal nature of these results partly reflects the difficulty of doing research on antiemetic therapies, but also can be attributed to differences in the adequacy and nature of the research designs, procedures, and assessment instruments that have been used. Several factors were also identified that are seldom studied but may be important in determining whether THC will be effective: patient variables, such as chemotherapy regimen and age; pharmacologic variables, such as drug tolerance, dose, schedule, toxicity, route of administration, and drug interactions; and environmental variables associated with administration setting. The need to differentiate pharmacologically induced from conditioned nausea and vomiting was also pointed out. We believe that THC does have antiemetic efficacy, but the lack of controlled research does not allow precise knowledge of its true effectiveness and toxicity. Well-controlled trials are needed to help answer some of these questions.

Antiemetics↗
PubMed1982

Effectiveness of multiple-site EMG biofeedback in the reduction of arousal.

During the training phase, 36 subjects received (a) EMG biofeedback from multiple muscle sites, (b) EMG biofeedback from the frontal site, or (c) no biofeedback. Results indicated that neither biofeedback procedure reduced self-reports of anxiety, but that multiple-site biofeedback was effective in reducing several indices of autonomic arousal (pulse rate, finger pulse volume, and skin temperature) while frontal biofeedback was not. During the generalization/stress phase, all subjects were threatened with and received electric shocks and were told to apply the relaxation techniques they learned during the training phase even though no additional biofeedback would be provided. Results indicated that multiple-site biofeedback was effective in reducing self-reports of anxiety and autonomic arousal but that frontal biofeedback was not. These results confirm previous data indicating that frontal biofeedback is not an effective procedure for controlling stress, but suggest that EMG biofeedback can be effective in reducing self-reported anxiety and autonomic arousal if a multiple muscle-site feedback procedure is employed.

Anxiety↗
PubMed1981

Effectiveness of relaxation training in reducing adverse reactions to cancer chemotherapy.

Cancer patients who had developed negative conditioned responses to their chemotherapy either did (relaxation training) or did not (no relaxation training) receive progressive muscle relaxation training and guided relaxation imagery instructions immediately before and during their chemotherapy treatments. Physiological (blood pressure and pulse rate) measures of arousal, frequency of vomiting, and patient-reported and nurse-reported indices of negative affect and nausea were collected during pretraining, training and posttraining chemotherapy sessions. Results indicated that during both the training and the posttraining sessions, patients in the relaxation training condition reported feeling less emotionally distressed and nauseated, and showed less physiological arousal following the chemotherapy infusion, than patients in the no relaxation training condition. The attending nurses' observations confirmed the patients' self-reports. No differences were found in frequency of vomiting between conditions. These data clearly suggest that the use of relaxation procedures may be an effective means of reducing several of the adverse side effects of cancer chemotherapy.

Antineoplastic Agents↗
PubMed1981

Effectiveness of multiple muscle-site EMG biofeedback and relaxation training in reducing the aversiveness of cancer chemotherapy.

A 44-year-old female cancer patient was given progressive muscle relaxation training and multiple muscle-site EMG biofeedback to reduce the conditioned negative responses she had apparently developed to her chemotherapy treatments. Following three baseline chemotherapy sessions, the patient was given relaxation training and biofeedback during four consecutive chemotherapy treatments and was asked to practice her relaxation skills daily in the hospital or at home. After the patient felt able to relax on her own, relaxation training and biofeedback were terminated and three follow-up sessions were held. Results indicated that during the chemotherapy sessions in which the patient received relaxation training and biofeedback, she showed reductions in physiological arousal (EMG, pulse rate, systolic blood pressure, and diastolic blood pressure) and reported feeling less anxious and nauseated. Moreover, these changes were maintained during the follow-up sessions. These results suggest that relaxation training plus multiple muscle-site biofeedback may be an effective adjunctive procedure for reducing some of the adverse side effects of cancer chemotherapy.

Adenocarcinoma↗