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Biomedical subjects

T Fukushima

Publications and source records attributed to T Fukushima.

At least 325 records · Page 18Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

Initial interaction of leukocytes within the microvasculature: deformability, adhesion, and transmigration.

Sequestration and migration of neutrophils in response to acute inflammation involve sequential steps, including delivery of cells to the site of inflammation, sequestration within the microvasculature, adhesion, and transmigration out of the vascular space into interstitial tissues. Soluble mediators released in the inflammatory milieu and into the circulation cause profound changes in leukocytes, both circulating and sequestered, as well as in the vascular endothelium promoting this leukocyte sequestration and adhesion. Although common mechanisms exist regulating leukocyte sequestration in the systemic and pulmonary microcirculations, important differences are also apparent. Alterations in cellular deformability appear to be most important in sequestration of neutrophils in the pulmonary capillaries because of the unique geometric and hydrodynamic conditions in the pulmonary microcirculation. Neutrophils undergo dramatic morphologic and functional alteration not only during these processes, but as a consequence of them. This can lead to the release of a substantive armamentarium of toxic mediators from activated leukocytes, including reactive oxygen species via the oxidative burst and secretion of proteolytic enzymes contained within granules. These toxic compounds can have profound and detrimental effects on host tissues, leading to pulmonary dysfunction and multiorgan failure.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

[Clinical characteristics and poor outcomes in patients with de novo AML with trilineage myelodysplasia].

De novo AML with trilineage myelodysplasia (AML/TMDS) is reported to account for 10-15% of de novo AML and respond poorly to conventional intensive chemotherapy, In our series, 12 (25%) of 48 patients with de novo AML were diagnosed as AML/TMDS. We found that the platelet count was significantly higher (p < 0.05), and the blast percentage of the bone marrow was significantly lower (p < 0.05) in the AML/TMDS group than in the AML/non-TMDS group. Sex ratio, age, WBC and RBC count did not significantly differ between the two groups. The immunological markers and the myeloperoxidase positivity of the blasts of AML/TMDS varied widely. The CR rate was 66.7% in the AML/TMDS group and 83.3% in the AML/non-TMDS group. Dysplastic changes were still detected in the bone marrow smears in 7 of 8 AML/TMDS cases who achieved complete remission. The AML/TMDS group showed significantly shorter CR duration (median; 169 days) and survival (median; 511 days, p < 0.05). However, in two cases which underwent allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (allo-BMT) during early relapse phase the disease-free survival has extended over 4 years and 2 years 8 months, respectively. Thus, we would like to propose that allo-BMT should be performed as early as possible to overcome poor outcome of AML/TMDS.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Attitudes and behaviors of African-American and Mexican-American women delivering newborns in inner-city Los Angeles.

To study some of the factors relating to the care of mothers and newborns in an inner-city hospital, three sources of information were reviewed: an obstetric database including information on prenatal care and perinatal mortality, a database of all admissions to the hospital neonatal intensive care unit over the past 5 years, and a detailed questionnaire concerning attitudes and behaviors of recently delivered women. While analyses from these hospital-based data are not conclusive, the results add evidence for the following propositions: 1) Optimal prenatal care is infrequently obtained by mothers delivering at inner-city hospitals. Lack of prenatal care is clearly associated with increased perinatal mortality. While the need for prenatal care is appreciated by 98% of the mothers in this sample, the most frequent reasons why prenatal care is not obtained earlier or more frequently involve knowledge about and access to prenatal care. 2) Inner-city mothers, in general, manifest attitudes and behaviors that promote the welfare of their pregnancies and newborns. These attitudes and behaviors are in stark contrast to those that are frequently attributed to inner-city women by the media. 3) Acute perinatal medical and nursing care are perceived by many postpartum women as suboptimal, particularly in terms of the lack of respect shown to patients by nurses and doctors. 4) Improved acute obstetric and neonatal care improves perinatal morbidity and mortality of infants delivered at inner-city hospitals.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

[Analysis of sex chromosomal DNA markers by a molecular biological method and it's application to forensic medicine].

We attempted sex and individual identifications of several forensic specimens by detecting various sex chromosome-specific sequences by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. The specimens were 30 blood stains that were attached to gauze and stored for 11 months -15 years (15 males, 14 females and 1 of unknown gender) and 10 bleached white bones (8- about 10000 years after death). Of the known 29 blood stains, the sex determination rate was the highest by DYZ-1 (amplified DNA fragment = 149bp, about 3000 copies on Y chromosome) recombinated with DXZ-1 (28 of the 29 samples) although 27 samples could be determined by DYZ-1 (amplified DNA fragment = 1000bp, about 3000 copies on Y chromosome) recombinated with DXZ-1. The sex determination rate was relatively low by DYZ-3 (amplified DNA fragment = 170bp, about 100 copies on Y chromosome) recombinated with DXZ-1 (23 of the 29 samples). The sex determination rate by two single locus markers, PAB or Amelogenin was markedly low (7 and 9 of 29 samples, respectively). The sex determination rate by the 27H39 locus was 27 of the 29 samples; 14 of the 15 male were determined (A = 186bp, 1; B = 190bp, 7; C = 194bp, 5; D = 198bp, 1; E = 202bp, 0). One unknown gender could be identified as male by multiple locus markers, but could not be identified by any single locus markers except for the 27H39 locus.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1995

Double-blind comparative study of sulfasalazine and controlled-release mesalazine tablets in the treatment of active ulcerative colitis.

To evaluate the effect of a controlled-release mesalazine tablet, in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC), a multicenter double-blind study was carried out, using sulfasalazine (500 mg tablet) as the control drug. The mesalazine tablet contained 250 mg of ethyl cellulose-coated mesalazine granules. The patients were assigned to two groups, one to receive mesalazine tablets (1500 mg/day) and a sulfasalazine placebo (group M) and the other to receive sulfasalazine tablets (3000 mg/day) and a mesalazine placebo (group S). The test medications were administered orally for 4 consecutive weeks. The study subjects were selected from among patients with mild to moderate active UC, and 118 patients were enrolled. Concomitant use of steroids and immunosuppressors was prohibited during the study period. Of the 118 patients, 9 dropped out. A total of 109 complete records were thus obtained, 52 in group M and 57 in group S. There was no difference in the improvement of clinical symptoms and endoscopic findings between the two groups. The overall safety, based on adverse reactions and laboratory data, was higher, at 86.5%, for group M (n = 52), compared to 66.7% for group S (n = 57). The general usefulness, based on the improvement and safety, was higher, at 65.3%, for group M (n = 49), compared to 45.6% for group S (n = 57). The controlled-release mesalazine tablet thus appears to be useful in the treatment of mild to moderate active UC.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Surgery for Crohn's anal fistulas.

The aim of this study was to analyze the features of Crohn's anal fistulas and to evaluate the efficacy of seton treatment. In 119 patients with Crohn's disease, the incidence of anal fistula was 56% (67/119), with no significant difference in the incidence among patients with ileitis, colitis, and ileocolitis. "Intractable" anal fistulas were found in 17% of patients with ileitis, compared to 64% of those with colitis (P = 0.051) and 68% of those with ileocolitis (P = 0.014). Seton treatment, i.e., non-cutting, long-term seton drainage, was performed for 21 patients (5 with intersphincteric, and 16 with transsphincteric fistulas). In the 16-month follow up, 9 patients required redrainage for recurrent fistulous abscess, mainly because of progressive colorectal disease. Finally, a good result was obtained in 17 of the 21 patients (81%) and no recurrent fistulous abscess developed in the 8 patients in whom all setons were removed. Anal continence was preserved in all the patients. These results indicate that anal fistulas with Crohn's ileitis were cured more easily than those with colitis or ileocolitis, and that seton treatment was effective for intersphincteric fistula with multiple fistula openings and for transphincteric fistulas in patients exhibiting remission of intestinal Crohn's disease.

Crohn Disease↗
PubMed1994

Comparison of benzodiazepine receptor and regional cerebral blood flow imaging of epileptiform foci in hippocampal kindled rabbits: a study with in vivo double tracer autoradiography using 125I-iomazenil and 99mTc-HMPAO.

To clarify experimentally whether benzodiazepine (Bz) receptor or regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) imaging is more sensitive in the detection of epileptic foci, we simultaneously examined the Bz receptor and rCBF distribution changes in hippocampal kindled rabbits with in vivo double tracer autoradiography using 125I-labeled Ro 16-0154 (125I-Iomazenil) and 99mTc-labeled hexamethylpropylene amine oxime (99mTc-HMPAO). In visual and quantitative analyses, 125I-Iomazenil accumulation in brain slices extracted after the completion of the kindling was markedly and extensively decreased in the kindled right CA1 region, and further in the right temporal lobe, dentate gyrus, CA2, CA4, and bilateral CA3 regions, regarded as the propagated sites of seizure discharges. 99mTc-HMPAO accumulation was much more slightly and less extensively decreased in the right CA1, frontal, temporal and dentate gyri. Further, this decrease in 125I-Iomazenil accumulation was not due to neuropathological abnormalities, which consisted only of tissue damage corresponding to electrode track in the CA1. Both the kindled and propagated sites are known to have a possibility of acquiring epileptogenesis as experimental epileptic foci. These results suggest that Bz receptor imaging is much more sensitive in the detection of epileptic foci than rCBF imaging, and therefore that Bz receptor imaging is useful in clinical epilepsy.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Carbamazepine-induced blockade of induction of long-term potentiation in the perforant path-dentate gyrus pathway in chronically prepared rabbits.

We investigated the effects of a representative anti-epileptic or anti-psychotic drug, carbamazepine (CBZ), on the induction of long-term potentiation (LTP) in the perforant path-dentate gyrus pathway in 15 chronically prepared rabbits. Pharmacokinetically injected low-dose CBZ, which produced steady serum levels of 2.2-3.3 micrograms/ml (mean +/- S.D. 2.85 +/- 0.40), variably affected the induction of LTP, blocking it or showing almost no effect. The high-dose CBZ, which produced steady serum levels of 6.5-8.6 micrograms/ml (8.01 +/- 0.87), always blocked the induction of LTP. These results indicate that CBZ dose-dependently blocks the induction of LTP. The possible mechanisms underlying this blockade are discussed, especially in association with the possible inhibitory action of CBZ on N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Analysis of intracranial pressure pulse wave in experimental hydrocephalus.

Much has been written about the relationship between the pulse pressure (PP) of the intracranial pressure pulse wave (ICPPW) and ventricle dilatation. Some data suggest that high PP is the cause of ventricle dilatation, and other authors have reported that high PP results from decreased intracranial compliance. In order to clarify these points, the amplitude of PP and pressure-volume response (PVR: an indicator of intracranial compliance) were measured in bilateral ventricles using Hochwald's hydrocephalic model (right-left difference in ventricle size is clear due to hemicraniectomy). Hydrocephalus was induced by means of intracisternal injection of a kaolin powder solution to dogs. The mean ICP, amplitude of the PP, PVR and ventricle size (estimated by MR imaging) were evaluated in pathologic conditions induced by the following procedures. Group A, control: kaolin-induced hydrocephalus without craniectomy; group B: kaolin-induced hydrocephalus with right-sided craniectomy; group C: kaolin-induced hydrocephalus with right-sided craniectomy and dural resection; group D: kaolin-induced hydrocephalus with right-sided craniectomy, dura resection and temporal muscle resection. Using MR imaging, the same degree of symmetrical ventricle dilatation was identified in all groups except group D. Group D alone demonstrated a difference in ventricular size (craniectomy side > non-craniectomy side). There was no appreciable difference in mean ICP between any two groups. However, the amplitude of PP and the PVR decreased stepwise from group A to group D. The difference in the amplitude of the PP and PVR between the right and left ventricles was not significant in any group.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1994

The attitude of Japanese physicians regarding genetic service for autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD).

A questionnaire carried out among Japanese physicians revealed that a strong demand for genetic counseling among patients and families with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD). In contrast, the awareness of physicians regarding genetic counseling for the disease seemed to be low. For example, 66.0% of the respondents to the questionnaire revealed a negative attitude to providing genetic counseling for patients, and 30.7% of the respondents did not know that most types of polycystic kidney disease are inherited disorders. With the advance of scientific research, the demand for genetic counseling among patients is bound to increase. Therefore, the providers of genetic counseling including the physicians are now pressed to improve their services.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Characterization of calcium-independent cytosolic phospholipase A2 activity in the submucosal regions of rat stomach and small intestine.

This study was undertaken to compare the calcium-independent phospholipase A2 (PLA2) activities in the cytosols of twelve rat tissues and to determine whether their activities were distinct. 1-O-Alk-1'-enyl-2-[14C]-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (PlsC) and 1-O-Alk-1'-enyl-2-[14C]oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine (PlsE) were synthesized and used as substrates, instead of phosphatidyl compounds, to exclude hydrolysis by cytosolic PLA1 activity that could be present in some of the cytosolic preparations. For each tissue, we examined substrate specificity, pH optimum, and effect of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and ATP analogues. PLA2 activity was detected in eleven out of the twelve issues examined. Based on substrate specificity and pH optimum, cytosolic calcium-independent PLA2 were classified in three groups. The first group, which included PLA2 from small intestine, stomach and spleen, had the highest specific activity with PlsC as substrate (1253, 309 and 75 nmol/mg protein/hour, respectively) and an optimal pH at 6.5. Activity with PlsE as substrate was much lower (20-37%) than with PlsC. The second group of PLA2 activities included the cytosolic activities from thymus, lung, liver and pancreas that showed lower specific activities for both substrates (14-23 nmol/mg protein/hour with PlsC) and had a broader optimal pH range of 6.1 to 7.5. The cytosols from brain, kidney, heart and muscle comprised the third PLA2 group that was found to have a higher specific activity with PlsE (5-20 nmol/mg protein/hour) than PlsC and an optimal pH range from 7.4 to 7.9.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adenosine Triphosphate↗
PubMed1994

Auditory and colored visual P300 in patients with sequelae of subacute myelo-optico-neuropathy.

To study the cognitive function in 13 patients with sequelae of subacute myelo-optico-neuropathy (SMON), event-related potentials (ERPs) were elicited with tones, clicks, and colored visual stimuli in different tasks. P300 latency was delayed, and P300 amplitude reduced or absent in 5 patients (38%), although neuropsychological assessment for dementia did not differ between patients and 21 age-matched normal controls. P300 and N200 latencies with the tone/tone auditory stimuli and N200 latency with the visual stimuli were significantly delayed, but the latencies of early components (N100 and P200) were not delayed. These findings suggest that SMON patients may have cognitive dysfunction to a slight degree.

Aged↗
PubMed1994

Effect of physical properties of direct bonding adhesives on bonding to etched enamel.

Five types of light-cured direct bonding adhesives with different volumes of microfiller were prepared for study of the relationships between bond strength to enamel, resinous tag length, and flexural strength, and between viscosity and resinous tag length. The resinous tag length was measured with the combination of 2,4,6-trichlorophenoxy methacrylate as a tracer and electron-probe microanalyzer. Correlating resinous tag length versus viscosity or bond strength after 1-day immersion, and flexural strength with bond strength after 1-day and 30-day immersion resulted in high correlation coefficients. However, the bond strength after thermocycling did not correlate with resinous tag length or flexural strength.

Acid Etching, Dental↗
PubMed1994

Cognitive event-related potentials and brain magnetic resonance imaging in HTLV-1 associated myelopathy (HAM).

Auditory and visual cognitive event-related potentials (ERPs) were investigated in 14 patients with HTLV-1 associated myelopathy (HAM) and in 36 normal controls. In the HAM patients, the latencies of P300 and N200 by the auditory tone method were significantly delayed, and N100 by the auditory click method was significantly delayed in latency. No abnormal ERP components were observed with visual methods. While these auditory abnormal ERPs were present in the HAM patients, there was no evidence of visual abnormal ERPs. Abnormal lesions on the white matter were evident at magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in 6 (75%) of 8 patients. There was no correlation between MRI lesions and the abnormalities of ERPs, but there was a significant correlation between bifrontal index on MRI and P300 amplitudes at Cz and Pz sites by auditory tone method. In one patient, atrophy of bilateral parietal lobes was seen on MRI and P300 latencies delayed using various methods. Therefore, the possibility that electrophysiological cognitive impairment in patients with HAM is related to brain atrophy rather than to white matter lesions requires attention.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Giant infectious intracavernous carotid artery aneurysm presenting as intractable epistaxis.

Infectious intracavernous carotid artery aneurysms usually present with ophthalmoplegia and/or signs of cavernous sinus thrombosis. We report an unusual case in which a patient with AIDS presented with intractable epistaxis secondary to rupture of a giant infectious intracavernous carotid artery aneurysm. Culture of the aneurysm grew mycobacterium avium intracellulare (MAI). The patient was treated successfully by excision of the aneurysm and reconstruction of the internal carotid artery with a saphenous vein interposition graft.

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗