Biomedical subjects

T Fukushima

Publications and source records attributed to T Fukushima.

At least 199 records · Page 11Linked to original sources

PubMed1998

Whole body autoradiographic study on the distribution of 14C-D-serine administered intravenously to rats.

The distribution of radioactivities in rats following intravenous administration of 14C-D- or -L-serine was investigated by whole body autoradiography. The radioactivities were distributed throughout the whole body in both cases with the greatest amount being found in the pancreas. D- and L- Serine levels in the pancreas were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography with a chiral column which revealed, for the first time, the existence of D-serine in the rat pancreas (12.6 +/- 7.90 nmol/g wet tissue) together with a much higher concentration (924 +/- 116 nmol/g) of L-serine. The results suggested that exogenous D-serine of dietary origin contributed at least in part to the D-serine levels found in mammalian tissues. The accumulation of radioactivity in the kidney, especially in the corticomedullary area, even at 24 hr after administration of 14C-D-serine suggested a possible link between acute necrosis of the renal proximal tubules and the administration of a large dose of D-serine [Am J Pathol 77: 269-282 (1974)].

Animals↗

PubMed1998

Obui-himo syndrome.

Normal variants of the venous system are relatively common and rarely cause severe symptoms. We report the case of a 5-month-old baby who displayed cyanotic color and swelling of arms whenever she was carried on the mother's back with a special band "Obui-himo". It was demonstrated by venography that the symptoms were caused by the absence of a cephalic vein and compression of axillary veins with the Obui-himo. In any country with a custom similar to the Obui-himo, these symptoms, if clinically encountered, are an indication that venography should be performed.

Arm↗

PubMed1998

No Mycobacterium paratuberculosis detected in intestinal tissue, including Peyer's patches and lymph follicles, of Crohn's disease.

To clarify the etiologic significance of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis in Crohn's disease, we investigated whether M. paratuberculosis was detected in intestinal tissues, including Peyer's patches, where M. paratuberculosis invades, and colonic lymph follicles, where early lesions appear. Fifty-one samples of intestinal tissues, either therapeutically resected or biopsied, including 34 specimens from 30 patients with Crohn's disease, were studied. Four Peyer's patches and eight lymph follicles were included in the intestinal tissue samples of Crohn's disease. They were visualized by acetic acid fixation. DNA extracted from intestinal tissues by proteinase K treatment was used for nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for detection of IS900, which is specific for M. paratuberculosis. PCR products were analyzed by agarose gel electrophoresis and subsequent Southern blot analysis. Our amplification system could detect 7.5 fg of M. paratuberculosis DNA. None of the tissue samples showed positive IS900 amplification, whereas they all showed amplification of the positive control human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DQA DNA. Spiked experiments of tissue samples with M. paratuberculosis demonstrated that inhibitors of IS900 amplification were not present in the samples. Our study does not support the etiologic significance of M. paratuberculosis in Crohn's disease.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1998

A Trp 64 Arg mutation in the beta3-adrenergic receptor gene is not associated with moderate overweight in Japanese workers.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the trend for obesity and the relationship between Trp64Arg mutation in the beta3-adrenergic receptor gene and obesity-related phenotypes in Japanese workers. A total of 658 workers, 483 women and 175 men, responded to this survey. Genomic DNA was prepared from leukocytes, and DNA amplification by polymerase chain reaction was performed using 100 ng genomic DNA. Amplified fragments were digested with BstNI and analyzed by 3% agarose gel electrophoresis. The body mass index (BMI) increased from 21.1 +/- 2.6 to 22.0 +/- 3.0 kg/m2 for women and from 20.9 +/- 2.1 to 22.1 +/- 2.6 kg/m2 for men from 1982 to 1997. Body weight increased 63.3% for women and 67.4% for men over 15 years. The frequency of the Trp64Arg allele was 19.9%, and the frequency of heterozygote and homozygote carriers of the mutation was 32.9% and 3.4%, respectively. Changes in the BMI and body weight over 15 years from 1982 to 1997 did not differ significantly between subjects with or without the mutant allele in either women or men. The BMI was not significantly higher in subjects who were homozygous or heterozygous for the Trp64Arg mutation versus subjects who were homozygous for the normal allele. This mutation of the beta3-adrenergic receptor gene is not likely a major determinant of moderate obesity in the Japanese population.

Adult↗

PubMed1998

Repair of carotid artery perforations during transsphenoidal surgery.

BACKGROUND: Hemorrhage from carotid artery injury during transsphenoidal surgery is an unusual, but potentially fatal complication. METHODS: Among six patients experiencing laceration or perforation of the carotid artery, we treated four with a new technique using Teflon mesh and methyl methacrylate to form an external, artificial wall over the laceration and the carotid artery. RESULTS: In all four cases, hemorrhage was successfully controlled without neurologic deficit to the patient or complications frequently associated with the standard technique of nasal and sphenoid sinus packing removal. CONCLUSIONS: Our new technique may be superior to packing alone, as well as potentially life-saving to the patient.

Adenoma↗

PubMed1998

Giant cell tumor of the sphenoid bone: long-term follow-up of two cases after chemotherapy.

BACKGROUND: Giant cell tumors rarely occur in the sphenoid bone. When they do occur in the base of the skull, surgical treatment is frequently difficult and therefore, the use of adjuvant therapy is important. However, there remains no optimal management regimen for giant cell tumors of the sphenoid bone. CASE DESCRIPTION: Two cases of a giant cell tumor involving the sphenoid bone that responded well to chemotherapy using adriamycin after a partial removal of the tumor are presented. In the first patient, the tumor was partially removed via a transcranial subfrontal approach and a transnasal transsphenoidal approach. In the second patient, the tumor was partially removed through a transcranial subfrontal approach. Both tumors demonstrated histologic features typical of giant cell tumors. The patients subsequently received adjuvant chemotherapy using adriamycin alone in the first patient, and chemotherapy combined with radiotherapy in the second patient. Partial regression of the tumors was later confirmed on a computed tomography (CT) scan after chemotherapy. In both patients, tumors have been stable for more than 12 years despite an incomplete removal of the tumors. CONCLUSION: Based on the above findings, postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy using adriamycin may be effective for incompletely resected giant cell tumors of the sphenoid bone.

Adult↗

PubMed1998

Direct surgical management of large bulbous and giant aneurysms involving the paraclinoid segment of the internal carotid artery: report of 29 cases.

BACKGROUND: Twenty-nine patients with large bulbous and giant aneurysms of the paraclinoid segment of the internal carotid artery (ICA) were operated on, using Dolenc's combined epi- and subdural approach, between 1985 and 1994. Ages ranged from 25 to 79 (83% female; 17% male). METHODS: Proximal control was established in all patients through either an extracranial or petrous carotid exposure. The aneurysm was approached through a wide exposure by removing the anterior clinoid extradural. All but one aneurysm was clipped directly. A saphenous vein graft from the petrous-to-supraclinoid bypass was performed in this remaining case. RESULTS: Surgical morbidity was assessed at 20%. One patient developed a postoperative subdural hematoma and remained severely disabled. Two patients developed permanent third nerve palsy. One patient experienced severe disabling cognitive deficit. One patient died from complications related to a stroke. One patient developed transient diabetes insipidus. Visual outcome, which was assessed separately, was unimproved in 50% of the cases during a follow-up period that averaged 7 years. CONCLUSIONS: With the development of cranial base procedures such as Dolenc's combined epi- and subdural approach, large and giant aneurysms of the paraclinoid segment can be directly clipped with acceptable morbidity, allowing the ICA to remain patent.

Adult↗

PubMed1998

Idarubicin and idarubicinol are less affected by topoisomerase II-related multidrug resistance than is daunorubicin.

We investigated the cytotoxicity and cellular pharmacology of idarubicin (IDA), idarubicinol (IDAol) and daunorubicin (DNR) in K562/VP-H2 cells, which show topoisomerase II-related multidrug resistance but do not overexpress P-glycoprotein. K562/VP-H2 cells were less resistant to IDA and IDAol than to DNR. There was no significant difference in the accumulation of each drug between K562 and K562/VP-H2 cells. The cleavage of DNA induced by each drug was decreased in K562/VP-H2 cells, however, the decrease in cleavage in K562/VP-H2 cells was less with IDA and IDAol than with DNR. These results suggest that IDA and IDAol have more cytotoxic potency than DNR in topoisomerase II-related multidrug-resistant leukemia cells.

Antineoplastic Agents↗

PubMed1998

SAP90 binds and clusters kainate receptors causing incomplete desensitization.

The mechanism of kainate receptor targeting and clustering is still unresolved. Here, we demonstrate that members of the SAP90/PSD-95 family colocalize and associate with kainate receptors. SAP90 and SAP102 coimmunoprecipitate with both KA2 and GluR6, but only SAP97 coimmunoprecipitates with GluR6. Similar to NMDA receptors, GluR6 clustering is mediated by the interaction of its C-terminal amino acid sequence, ETMA, with the PDZ1 domain of SAP90. In contrast, the KA2 C-terminal region binds to, and is clustered by, the SH3 and GK domains of SAP90. Finally, we show that SAP90 coexpressed with GluR6 or GluR6/KA2 receptors alters receptor function by reducing desensitization. These studies suggest that the organization and electrophysiological properties of synaptic kainate receptors are modified by association with members of the SAP90/PSD-95 family.

Amino Acid Sequence↗

PubMed1998

Preparation and evaluation of new Pirkle type chiral stationary phases with long alkyl chains for the separation of amino acid enantiomers derivatized with NBD-F.

In order to improve the high-performance liquid chromatographic separation of alpha-amino acids derivatized with the fluorogenic reagent 4-fluoro-7-nitro-2,1,3-benzoxadiazole (NBD-F) on commercially available chiral stationary phases (CSPs) such as SUMICHIRAL OA-2500(S) (CSP 1) and OA-4700 (CSP 3), the preparation of two new CSPs (CSP 2 and CSP 4) having 11-aminoundecanoic acid between the aminopropyl silica gel support and the chiral moiety in CSP 1 and CSP 3 is described. CSP 2 and CSP 4 improved both the mutual and enantiomeric separation of NBD-amino acids compared with CSP 1 and CSP 3. Thus, 17 pairs of NBD-amino acid enantiomers and NBD-glycine were separated on CSP 2 except for six NBD-amino acids (D-Asn, D-Ser, D-Gln, L-Pro, L-Ser and Gly). CSP 2 and CSP 4 also showed better enantiomeric separation of NBD-amino acid esters and amides than CSP 1 and CSP 3. It was considered that the achiral long alkyl chains in the CSPs might form a hydrophobic space which assisted the stereoselective interaction of analytes with the chiral moiety by changing the environment around the chiral moiety. On CSP 1 and CSP 2, NBD-beta-amino acid was also enantiomerically separated.

4-Chloro-7-nitrobenzofurazan↗

PubMed1998

Expression of an orphan nuclear receptor DAX-1 in human pituitary adenomas.

OBJECTIVES: An orphan nuclear receptor, DAX-1, is known to be involved in the development and differentiation of anterior pituitary cells. The present study aimed to examine 1) whether DAX-1 is expressed in human pituitary adenomas, and 2) if it is expressed, what types of adenoma express the factor. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Adenoma tissues examined included 18 clinically non-functioning adenomas, 14 GH-secreting adenomas and 7 PRL-secreting adenomas. The expression of the following genes were tested by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR): DAX-1, Adrenal-4-binding protein/steroidogenic factor-1 (Ad4BP/SF-1), Pit-1, LH beta, FSH beta, gonadotrophin-releasing hormone receptor (GnRH-R), GH, PRL, and TSH beta, as well as beta-actin as a control. RESULTS: Eleven clinically non-functioning adenomas expressed DAX-1, 10 of which also expressed Ad4BP/SF-1. Nine out of the 11 DAX-1 expressing adenomas also expressed LH beta, FSH beta and GnRH-R as well, indicating that these adenomas possessed gonadotrophic properties. Nine clinically non-functioning adenomas expressed Pit-1 as well as GH, PRL and/or TSH beta, thus having somatomammotrophic or thyrotrophic properties, 3 of which overlapped with the above DAX-1-expressing adenomas. One non-functioning adenoma expressed Ad4BP/SF1 and FSH beta but not DAX-1, and another one expressed DAX-1 and Ad4BP/SF-1 with PRL. On the other hand, all GH-secreting and PRL-secreting adenomas expressed Pit-1 and GH and/or PRL, but neither DAX-1 nor Ad4BP/SF-1. CONCLUSIONS: The results shown here indicate that DAX-1 is expressed in the majority of human pituitary adenomas of gonadotrophic origin in parallel with Adrenal-4-binding protein/steroidogenic factor-1.

Adenoma↗

PubMed1998

Molecular genetic and immunohistochemical study of autosomal recessive Alport's syndrome.

A DNA analysis of autosomal type IV collagen alpha3 and alpha4 chain genes (COL4A3 and COL4A4) and an immunohistochemical study of type IV collagen alpha1 to alpha6 chains were performed in an inbred family with autosomal recessive Alport's syndrome (AS). A linkage study using polymorphic markers around the COL4A3/COL4A4 genes clearly differentiated the affected patients from healthy individuals. These patients were homozygous for all markers analyzed, whereas their parents were heterozygotes. Because of the large size of both the genes and the heterogeneous range of the mutations of these genes, linkage analysis by using highly polymorphic markers is still the method of choice in genetic counseling for autosomal recessive AS, as well as for the X-linked form. Although the distribution of alpha1 and alpha2 chains in the index patient and her affected sister were normal, the alpha3 and alpha4 chains were completely defective in the renal basement membrane (BM). The alpha5 chain could be found in Bowman's capsular basement membrane (BCBM) but not in the glomerular basement membrane (GBM). In addition, our study showed, for the first time, that the alpha6 chain in BCBM is spared in this form of AS. This abnormal pattern of type IV collagen could be a useful tool for differentiation of the autosomal recessive type from the X-linked type of AS.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1998

Giant cell tumor of the sphenoid bone.

OBJECTIVE AND IMPORTANCE: Giant cell tumor of the sphenoid bone is extremely unusual. This tumor is usually located in long bones and is rarely located in the cranial vault. It must be differentiated from reparative granuloma and the Brown tumor of hyperparathyroidism. This case report is only the second involving a patient in the first decade. CLINICAL PRESENTATION: A 9-year-old girl presented with cephalgia and diplopia. Radiographic imaging revealed an erosive mass in the clivus. INTERVENTION: The patient underwent an extended transphenoidal resection of the clivus. This was followed with 57.6 CGE in 32 fractionated doses. CONCLUSION: At 1 year follow-up, the tumor remains stable. Based on anecdotal evidence, attempted resection with adjuvant radiation therapy allows for long-term survival in these patients.

Case Reports↗

PubMed1998

Methylmethacrylate casting model of temporal bone: a simple technique for skull base research and education.

Methylmethacrylate casting model of the temporal bone simulating the translabyrinthine approach from the bone surface down to the internal auditory canal was developed in order to help to understand the complex anatomy that is often encountered during skull base surgery. Using a cadaver temporal bone and applying dental impression technique, fine structures, such as semicircular canals and facial nerve, were precisely reproduced in a life-size resin casting model. This simple cost-effective modeling method would facilitate both anatomical research and medical education by improving our understanding of the complex anatomy of the temporal bone.

Journal Article↗

PubMed1998

Listeria monocytogenes in Crohn's disease.

BACKGROUND: In an immunohistochemical study a higher rate of reactivity of intestinal tissues to the antibody against Listeria monocytogenes was reported in Crohn's disease as compared with controls. METHODS: Seventy-six intestinal tissues, either therapeutically resected or biopsied, from 31 patients with Crohn's disease, 20 with ulcerative colitis, and 21 with non-inflammatory bowel disease were studied. DNA extracted from intestinal tissues by proteinase K treatment was used for nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR), using two sets of primers. PCR products were analyzed with agarose gel electrophoresis and subsequent Southern blot analysis. RESULTS: Our amplification system could detect 9 pg of L. monocytogenes DNA. L. monocytogenes was detected in only one sample, that from a patient with ulcerative colitis. CONCLUSIONS: Our study does not support the etiologic significance of L. monocytogenes in Crohn's disease.

Adult↗

PubMed1998

Listeria monocytogenes in the colon in a case of fulminant ulcerative colitis.

A case of ulcerative colitis in which the presence of Listeria monocytogenes was confirmed in the resected colon with polymerase chain reaction and subsequent Southern blot analysis and immunohistochemistry using antibody against Listeria is presented. The patient developed ulcerative colitis at the age of 59 years. Prednisolone, 50 mg/day, was given for severe ulcerative colitis. Later the disease became fulminating, indicating colectomy 4 months after the onset. Multiple sealed colonic perforations were observed. Numerous L. monocytogenes were found at the site of perforation, in fissures, and in cracks in the submucosa. This case indicates the possibility that L. monocytogenes contributes to the exacerbation of colitis to fulminating and colonic perforation.

Colectomy↗

PubMed1998

The surgical management of trigeminal neuromas.

OBJECTIVE: Trigeminal neuromas are rare tumors that may involve any part of the nerve complex, including peripheral divisions of the nerve. These rare lesions are treated primarily surgically. We present our series of 38 patients who were treated surgically since 1981, with special emphasis on surgical approach. METHODS: We have surgically treated 38 patients with 39 trigeminal neuromas since 1981. This series of patients was reviewed with regard to clinical presentation, tumor characteristics, surgical approach, and outcome. RESULTS: Sixteen women and 22 men (mean age, 48 yr) all presented with some abnormality of trigeminal dysfunction. Twenty-eight patients presented with trigeminal hypesthesia, 10 with hypesthesia also had facial pain, 3 presented with only facial pain, and 7 presented with diplopia. Eighteen patients had tumors originating from the ganglion, nine from the posterior fossa nerve root, two from the ophthalmic division, and one from the mandibular division, and nine had tumors involving both posterior and middle fossae (dumbbell type). Eighteen tumors were large (>3 cm), 16 were medium sized (2-3 cm), and 5 were small (<2 cm). Tumor location was the prime determinant of surgical approach. Patients with peripheral and ganglion type lesions were treated via an entirely extradural temporopolar approach. Lesions confined to the posterior fossa were approached via a lateral suboccipital approach. Dumbbell-shaped lesions required a combined petrosal strategy. Total resection of tumor was accomplished in 30 patients. Three patients with subtotal resection displayed malignant histology. Postoperatively, 30 patients remained with some degree of trigeminal hypesthesia, two had facial pain (one persistent and one new), and five were left with total trigeminal anesthesia. Four patients were relieved of diplopia, five were relieved of headache, and two were relieved of ataxia. There were no perioperative deaths. CONCLUSION: Trigeminal neuroma is a surgically treatable disease that may be operated on, in many cases, via an entirely extradural approach. These lesions may be successfully resected with low morbidity and a very low rate of recurrence.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1998

Engraftment of human myelodysplastic syndrome derived cell line in transgenic severe combined immunodeficient (TG-SCID) mice expressing human GM-CSF and IL-3.

A transgenic SCID (TG-SCID) mouse expressing the human cytokines interleukin-3 (IL-3) and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) has been generated with the aim of making a model system allowing the in vivo proliferation of human hematopoietic cells. Using TG-SCID mice expressing high levels (30-35 ng/ml in the serum) of human GM-CSF and IL-3, we attempted to engraft a human myeloid leukemia cell line, F-36P, derived from a myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) patient. When F-36P cells were transferred intravenously into sublethally irradiated TG-SCID mice, extensive proliferation of F-36P cells was found 4-6 wk later. Successful engraftment, however, required the preadministration of a monoclonal antibody to mouse interleukin-2 receptor (IL-2R) beta chain, neutralizing NK activity. Surprisingly, all the transplanted TG-SCID mice engrafted with F-36P cells developed hind leg paralysis approximately 6 wk after transfer. Histological analysis demonstrated extensive invasion and formation of osteolytic lesions by the F-36P cells in the vertebrae. These data indicate that transgenic SCID mice expressing human IL-3 and GM-CSF provide a useful system for the study of human leukemia. In addition, NK cells appear to play an important role in rejection of human cells.

Animals↗