Biomedical subjects

T Fukuda

Publications and source records attributed to T Fukuda.

At least 649 records · Page 36Linked to original sources

PubMed1992

[Inhibitory effects of cyclosporin A and FK-506 on eosinophil chemotactic factor activity in culture supernatants of mononuclear cells from asthmatics].

We have previously reported that the 5-day culture supernatants of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from Dermatophagides farinae (DF) sensitive asthmatics stimulated with 10 ng/ml DF antigen contain eosinophil chemotactic activity (ECA) with an apparent molecular weight greater than 30000 Da. In the present study, we examined the effects of CyA and FK on the ECA. ECA was tested using modified Boyden chamber method. We found that when CyA or FK was added to the culture throughout the experiment, the production of the factors with ECA by PBMC was inhibited in a dose-dependent manner. These inhibitory effects were unchanged by the addition of a sufficient dose of IL-2 to the culture medium. Isoelectrofocusing of the PBMC culture supernatants consistently yielded a major ECF activity at pH 7.0-7.5. The addition of CyA inhibited this major peak. In conclusion, these results suggest that mononuclear cells stimulated with related antigen produce substances which possess ECA and that CyA and FK can block the production of this substance. Therefore, there is a possibility that an immunosuppressive agent may be useful in bronchial asthma therapy by inhibiting the migration of eosinophils.

Asthma↗

PubMed1992

Direct protective action of epidermal growth factor on isolated gastric mucosal surface epithelial cells.

Epidermal growth factor (EGF) protects gastric mucosa against acute injury produced by a variety of damaging agents, but the mechanism of its protective action is not clear. Since the surface epithelial cells (SEC) are important component of gastric mucosal defence, we studied whether EGF may directly protect isolated gastric SEC against ethanol injury in vitro, in condition independent of systemic factors and whether endogenous prostaglandins may play a role in EGF's protective action. The isolated SEC from rat gastric mucosa were preincubated in medium only, or medium containing 0.0001-10.0 micrograms/ml of h-rEGF for 15 minutes, and incubated with 8% ethanol for 1 hour. In another study the above experiment was repeated but cells were pretreated with 10(-4) or 10(-5) M indomethacin before EGF treatment. The cell viability was assessed by fast green exclusion test. Incubation of SEC with 8% ethanol significantly reduced SEC cell viability to 50 +/- 2%: EGF 0.1 or 1.0 microgram/ml significantly reduced ethanol induced damage (cell viability 59 +/- 3 and 62 +/- 3% respectively). Pretreatment with 10(-4) M indomethacin (the dose which does not affect SEC viability but inhibit PGE2 and PGI2 generation), significantly reduced protective action of EGF against 8% ethanol injury. EGF 1.0 and 10.0 micrograms/ml alone without ethanol increased PGE2 and 6 keto PGF1 alpha generation by SEC. These studies demonstrated: 1) EGF is able to protect gastric surface epithelial cells directly without mediation by systemic factors. 2) EGF induced protection of SEC may in part be mediated by prostaglandins.

6-Ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha↗

PubMed1992

[The composition of phospholipid and biosynthesis of platelet-activating factor in earthworm (Eisenia foetida)].

Platelet-activating factor (PAF) was for the first time confirmed to exist in a lower animal, earthworm (Eisenia foetida). It amounts to 10.7 +/- 6.1 pmol/g wet body weight, and varied seasonally. Phospholipid analysis revealed that 1-O-alkyl-2-acyl-sn-glycerophosphocholine, a stored form of PAF precursor, accounted for 61.4% of the choline glycerophospholipids. Two kinds of enzyme activities operating in PAF generation in mammalian cells were also detected from this species. The PAF level increased markedly under some injurious stimuli such as cutting and pricking. The results suggest that PAF may be a primary mediator involved in pathological and physiological reactions even in lower animal like earthworm. The findings also cast a new light on the mechanisms underlying the antihypertensive and other effects of the Chinese medicinal earthworm, pheretima.

Animals↗

PubMed1992

Detection of human papillomavirus DNA in the normal cervices of Japanese women by the dot-blot (Vira Pap) method.

Exfoliated cervical cells obtained from 9 patients with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) I and II, 11 with CIN III, 22 with cervical carcinoma, and 599 with cytologically normal cervices (including 63 pregnant women) were evaluated for the presence of human papillomavirus (HPV) by the dot-blot (Vira Pap) method. HPV infection was detected in 33.3% of the CIN I and II cases, in 54.5% of the CIN III cases, in 68.2% of invasive cervical carcinoma cases, and in 4.2% of the normal group. The rate of detectable HPV infection increased in exfoliated cervical cells during pregnancy. These results suggested that a few Japanese women with cytologically normal cervices were infected with HPV.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1992

Clear cell hepatocellular carcinoma with abundant myxoid stroma.

A case of the clear cell variant of hepatocellular carcinoma with an abundant myxoid stroma is presented. The tumor occurred in a 55-year-old Japanese man, and swelling of the scrotum was the initial symptom. The patient underwent high-level orchiectomy, and the pathologic diagnosis was a metastatic tumor on the surface of the processus vaginalis and intact testis. Extensive examination failed to show a primary site. Subsequent autopsy revealed a large hepatic tumor and metastatic nodules with a prominent myxoid appearance in multiple organs. Histologically, each tumor consisted of uniform small tumor cells with clear cytoplasm attributed to abundant accumulation of glycogen particles, and an abundant myxoid stroma was also present. The tumor cells were positive for keratin, alpha 1-antitrypsin, alpha 1-antichymotrypsin, liver ferritin, prealbumin, and fibrinogen, but lacked alpha-fetoprotein. These findings indicated that this case was hepatocellular carcinoma of the clear cell type with a prominent myxoid stroma.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗

PubMed1992

[Effect of eosinophil peroxidase on beta-adrenergic receptor-adenylate cyclase system].

We studied the effect of eosinophil peroxidase (EPO) on beta-adrenergic receptor (BAR)-adenylate cyclase system based on the hypothesis that eosinophils may participate in the pathogenesis of beta-blockade in acute asthma. The effect of EPO on BAR density on guinea pig lung membrane was studied first. The BAR density was decreased significantly by 10(-4) M H2O2 alone. EPO combined with 10(-4) M H2O2 and iodide caused additional decrease in BAR density, and the decrease was EPO concentration-dependent (1-10 U/ml). The effect of EPO on cyclic AMP (CAMP) accumulation in S49 cells was studied next. The CAMP accumulation with 10(-4) M isoproterenol was significantly inhibited with combination of EPO and H2O2, and the decrease was again EPO concentration-dependent (0.1-1 U/ml) without any changes in BAR density on the cells. Thus, EPO was demonstrated to have an influence on the BAR-adenylate cyclase system.

Adenylyl Cyclases↗

PubMed1992

[Tyrosine hydroxylase-immunohistochemical study in the midbrain of experimental MPTP parkinsonism].

We have performed tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-immunohistochemical study in the midbrain of experimental MPTP parkinsonism. Eight female adult crab-eating monkeys (macaca fascicularis) were subjected to the experiment and divided into four groups. In the acute experimental parkinsonism (group A), a daily dose of 1.3 mg/kg MPTP was given intravenously for 7 days. Monkeys in the subacute group B were injected every other day a dose of 1.0 mg/kg MPTP intravenously for 7-14 days. Chronic experimental parkinsonism group C was induced by administration of a dose of 0.5 mg/kg twice a week intravenously for 120 days. Group D served as a control. TH-immunoreactive cells were counted in substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc: consisting of lateral, intermediate, medial regions) and paramedian region of midbrain. The remaining TH-immunoreactive cells in group A,B and C were approximately 65.1%, 46.6% and 32.1% of the control group D. The ratio of TH-immunoreactive cells in the lateral region of group A, B and C was lower than in group D. The TH-immunoreactive ratio in the intermediate and medial region of group B and C was lower than in group D. In the medial region of group C, the TH-immunoreactive ratio was increased than in group B. In the paramedian region of all groups, there was no significant differences in the ratio of TH-immunoreactive cells, but many more TH-immunoreactive nerve fibers were observed in group B and C than in group A and D. From the 90th day after MPTP treatment, monkeys in group C began to show a gradual recovery from the flexed posture and hypokinesia.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine↗

PubMed1992

[Inhibitory effect of inhaled FK-506 on increased bronchial responsiveness and eosinophil infiltration in the airway mucosa].

We examined the effects of inhaled FK-506, a potent immunosuppressive agent, on increased bronchial responsiveness to acetylcholine and on eosinophil infiltration in a guinea pig models of asthma. The guinea pigs were sensitized by repeated inhalation of ovalbumin (OA). Twenty four hours after antigen challenge, bronchial responsiveness to acetylcholine significantly increased and a marked accumulation of eosinophils in the airways was observed. However, when the guinea pigs were treated with aerosolized FK (10 mg/ml) for 5 min per day for 6 successive days before antigen challenge, the increase in bronchial responsiveness was significantly suppressed and the eosinophil accumulation was strikingly reduced. Since inhaled FK significantly suppressed these responses, there is a possibility that inhaled FK may be a useful therapy for patients with chronic bronchial asthma in the future.

Acetylcholine↗

PubMed1992

[Clinical analysis of 10 patients with chronic lymphoid leukemia].

Ten patients with chronic lymphoid leukemia were analyzed for clinical characteristics, morphology and phenotype of leukemic cells. There were 3 patients with T-chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), 2 with T-prolymphocytic leukemia (PLL), 2 with B-CLL, 1 with B-PLL, 1 with non-T-non-B-CLL and 1 with Waldenström's macroglobulinemia. Although chronic lymphoid leukemia is usually characterized by proliferation of B-lymphocytes, our study revealed that 5 of 10 patients had T-cell phenotype. A peripheral blood specimen of T-CLL showed small lymphocytes with a mature appearance and an irregular nuclear margin. Most of the cells lacked large azurophilic granules in the cytoplasm and nucleoli were also inconspicuous in the nucleus by light and electron microscopic examinations. In PLL, a majority of the cells were large lymphocytes with a prominent nucleolus and abundant basophilic cytoplasm which were more clearly observed by transmitted electron microscopic examination. The patients were treated with cyclophosphamide and prednisolone, but response to treatment was transient. The median survival time was 7 months for all patients, while that of T-cell lineage cases was only 1 month. Therefore, new modalities of treatment must be investigated in the future.

Aged↗

PubMed1992

Effect of per os Edhazardia aedis (Microsporida: Amblyosporidae) infection on Aedes aegypti mortality and body size.

Infection with Edhazardia aedis uninucleate spores had less effect on Aedes aegypti larval mortality and adult body size than did larval diet. Larval mortality averaged 60-81% in starved larvae and 2-16% in well-fed larvae. No significant amounts of larval mortality could consistently be attributed to exposure to the parasite at dosages of 1.5 x 10(3) or 1.5 x 10(5) spores/ml. Infection rates in adults surviving exposure to the parasites as larvae ranged from 30 to 59%. Infected adults had significantly smaller body sizes than uninfected adults or controls. Storage of spores in water reduced infectivity gradually over the course of 36 h. By 48 h, the spores were not able to infect mosquito larvae. Spore infectivity was eliminated by drying.

Aedes↗

PubMed1992

[Perioperative management of a patient with transient polyuria].

Perioperative and anesthetic management of a patient with a diabetes insipidus is reported. A 33 year old man was followed by physical therapy after spinal cord injury. At that time polyuria (4300-8600 ml.day-1) and polydipsia developed. His urine output was controlled by DDAVP (desmopressin) preoperatively. As the result of water restriction test and Carter-Robbins test the diagnosis of complete central diabetes insipidus was doubted preoperatively. We investigated the changes of his perioperative body fluids and endocrine responses. The following conclusions are made: 1) The diagnosis of this case is not renal and true diabetes insipidus, but is probably partial or transient diabetes insipidus. 2) These results indicate that endocrine examinations related to AVP secretion are essential.

Adult↗

PubMed1992

[Clinical characteristics and prognosis of secondary amyloidosis in patients with rheumatoid arthritis--renal involvement and therapy].

Secondary amyloidosis is an important complication that may have a strong influence on the prognosis of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). We studied 21 RA patients with secondary amyloidosis. The two major initial signs were gastrointestinal symptoms and renal involvement. When 15 of the 21 patients were diagnosed as having secondary amyloidosis, they displayed renal involvement including proteinuria, hematuria and hypercreatininemia. The 15 patients with amyloidosis were either subjected to dialysis or died within 35 months on the average. The causes of death in 13 patients were cardiac failure, gastrointestinal bleeding and infection, which were strongly implicated with renal failure. Dialysis was applied to seven patients. Three of them were maintained with chronic dialysis. We discussed the induction-time and the method of dialysis in patients with amyloidosis secondary to RA.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1992

[The role of bronchial responsiveness to leukotrienes in antigen-induced immediate and late asthmatic response].

In order to clarify the role of leukotriene in the antigen-induced asthmatic response, we carried out mite-antigen, leukotriene D4 (LTD4) and histamine inhalation tests in 21 mite-sensitive atopic asthma patients, and investigated the relationship between the bronchial responsiveness to mite (PD20-Mite) and that to LTD4 and histamine (PD20-LTD4, PD20-Hist). We then compared PD20-LTD4 and PD20-Hist between the groups with and without late asthmatic response (LAR), and investigated the relationship between the peak percentage fall of FEV1.0 in LAR (magnitude of LAR) and PD20-LTD4 and PD20-Hist. There were significant correlations between PD20-LTD4 and PD20-Mite (r = 0.590, p < 0.01), and between PD20-Hist and PD20-Mite (r = 0.669, p < 0.001). The bronchial responsiveness to LTD4 and histamine was significantly higher in the group with LAR. In addition, PD20-LTD4 showed a significant negative correlation with the magnitude of LAR (r = 0.724, p < 0.001). Furthermore we analyzed the relationship between PD20-LTD and the ratio of the magnitude of LAR to that of IAR (immediate asthmatic response), because there was a significant correlation between the magnitude of IAR and that of LAR (r = 0.842, p < 0.001) in 16 asthmatic patients with dual asthmatic response, and found that the correlation coefficient was also very high (r = -0.836, p < 0.001). These results suggest an important role of leukotriene in the antigen-induced asthmatic response.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1992

Sacrococcygeal chordoma with a malignant spindle cell component. A report of two autopsy cases with a review of the literature.

Two autopsy cases of sacrococcygeal chordoma which showed sarcomatous components in the primary and metastatic tumors are reported. Case 1 was a 48-year-old female who died 9 years after the development of the initial symptoms. Autopsy findings showed metastatic tumors consisted of malignant tumor cells similar to fibrosarcoma and osteosarcoma. Case 2 was a 63-year-old male who died 11 years after the development of the initial symptom. At autopsy only sarcomatous tumors resembling malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH) were observed in the metastatic lesions. Both cases were treated with irradiation. It is suggested that the appearance of sarcomatous tumor in current two cases of chordoma might be due to the phenomenon of tumor progression closely associated with irradiation therapy. These two cases can be categorized as "chordoma with a malignant spindle cell component" in a sense that highly malignant sarcomatous components existed in conjunction with chordoma in the primary tumors.

Autopsy↗

PubMed1992

[A case of an cerebello-pontine angle pineoblastoma].

An extremely rare case of a left cerebello-pontine angle (CP angle) pineoblastoma has been reported. The patient was a 32-year-old male whose initial manifestations were those of increased intracranial pressure. CT scan showed a large enhancing mass located at the left CP angle, associated with a moderate occlusive hydrocephalus. Left suboccipital craniectomy was performed. The mass was an extramedullary tumor which had compressed the left cerebellar hemisphere, and was easily separable from the adjacent tissue. The tumor was totally resected, and the patient had a temporary release from the symptoms. Recurrence and spinal dissemination were found within the ensuing few months. The tumor had invaded deeply through the left CP angle into the cerebellar parenchyme, and showed no anatomical connection with the pineal body. The tumor dissemination was also observed widely in the spinal subarachnoid space. No abnormalities at the pineal region were able to be confirmed using CT and MRI studies. Irradiation to the whole brain, to the localized left CP angle and to the spinal cord with additional chemotherapy was given. The patient died half a year after the first operation. Autopsy was not performed. Histopathologically, the tumor was delineated into lobular structures by reticulin fibrils and vimentin-positive interstitial tissue. Tumor cells were small in size, and had irregularly shaped hyperchromatic nuclei with increased mitotic figures, and formed various types of rosettes; pineocytomatous, Flexner-Wintersteiner, Homer-Wright and perivascular. Fine argyrophilic cell processes with club-shaped expansions were demonstrated inside the pineocytomatous rosettes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗

PubMed1992

Bucillamine inhibits T cell adhesion to human endothelial cells.

We investigated the ability of bucillamine [N-(2-mercapto-2-methyl-propionyl)-L-cysteine] to prevent T cell adhesion to endothelial cells (EC) isolated from human umbilical vein. When EC were pretreated with bucillamine, T cell binding to the EC was suppressed in a dose dependent fashion. The T cells could bind preferentially to recombinant interferon-gamma (rIFN-gamma) treated EC compared with untreated EC. Bucillamine could also suppress T cell binding to rIFN-gamma treated EC as well as untreated EC. Addition of copper sulfate to bucillamine decreased significantly the percent T cell adhesion to the EC compared with bucillamine alone. The magnitude of inhibition by bucillamine and copper sulfate was similar in EC treated with rIFN-gamma as well as in untreated EC. H2O2 also inhibited the T cell binding to both untreated and rIFN-gamma treated EC. The inhibitory effects of bucillamine with or without copper sulfate on T cell binding to EC were abolished completely by catalase but not by superoxide dismutase. Our results suggest that hydrogen peroxide generated by bucillamine, with or without copper sulfate, inhibits T cell binding to EC. We believe, therefore, that bucillamine may suppress inflammation, such as that in rheumatoid synovitis, by reducing the emigration of chronic inflammatory cells from capillaries into tissue.

Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal↗

PubMed1992

[The effect of deliberate hypotensive anesthesia on the prognosis of patients who underwent early surgeries for ruptured cerebral aneurysm].

The effects of deliberate hypotensive anesthesia (DHA) on prognosis were analysed retrospectively in 112 patients who underwent early surgeries for ruptured cerebral aneurysms. Eighty-five patients received DHA (DHA group) and 27 patients were allocated to the control group. No difference was found in preoperative Hunt's grading, the time elapsed from subarachnoid hemorrhage to operation, arterial pressure before DHA. In the DHA group systolic arterial pressure was reduced to 80-90 mmHg for 87 +/- 6 min (M +/- SE) during operation. DHA had no effect on postoperative Glasgow Coma Scale, the incidence of post-operative complication, the period of hospitalization, and outcome (I: discharge with ability to walk, II: discharge with disability of walk, III: death). But DHA failed to reduce the incidence of intraoperative re-rupture, the prevention of which is the primary object of DHA. The mortality rate in the groups of Hunt's grade IV-V accompanied with the rate pressure product greater than 12,000 mmHg.min-1 was 55-80%. This suggests that in severely ill patients with ruptured cerebral aneurysm, the excitation of sympathetic efferents caused by the neural damage of hypothalamus might increase intracranial pressure and aggravate prognosis.

Female↗

PubMed1992

Papillary adenoma of the lung. Histological and ultrastructural findings in two cases.

Two cases of papillary adenoma of the lung are presented along with results of histological and ultrastructural examinations. The tumors were encountered in two asymptomatic patients in a mass-survey chest X-ray examination. The chest X-ray films showed the tumors as well demarcated small lesions. Histologically, both tumors arose in the bronchioles and consisted of cuboidal cells resembling type II pneumocytes showing papillary growth with accompanying edematous connective tissue. Several tumor cells each possessed a large eosinophilic intranuclear inclusion. In case 1, ciliated cells and Clara-like cells were also present in the tumor. Ultrastructurally, most of the tumor cells had various numbers of lamellar bodies in their cytoplasm, indicative of type II pneumocytes, and some of case 1 showed features of Clara cells and ciliated cells. The intranuclear inclusions appeared as aggregates of tubular structures or had lamellar body-like features. These findings are identical to those of papillary adenoma arising from the bronchiole.

Adult↗