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Biomedical subjects

T Fukuda

Publications and source records attributed to T Fukuda.

At least 397 records · Page 22Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

Renal cell carcinoma in a patient with Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome.

We report the case of a patient with Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome (BWS) who developed renal cell carcinoma (RCC). At birth, this patient presented with macroglossia, diastasis recti, mild gigantism, hepatomegaly and hypoglycemia, and the diagnosis of BWS was made. At 22 months, an intrapelvic rhabdomyosarcoma was detected and resected. At 37 months, computed tomography (CT) demonstrated a small mass with high attenuation in the right kidney, which was surgically confirmed to be RCC.

Beckwith-Wiedemann Syndrome↗
PubMed1996

Indomethacin treatment during initial period of acetic acid-induced rat gastric ulcer healing promotes persistent polymorphonuclear cell-infiltration and increases future ulcer recurrence. Possible mediation of prostaglandins.

The study was performed to examine whether indomethacin administered during the initial period of acetic acid-induced gastric ulcer healing affects future ulcer recurrence. Gastric ulcers were produced in rats by subserosal injection of acetic acid. Indomethacin (1 mg/kg/day, orally) administered either alone or concomitant with ornoprostil (50 micrograms/kg/day, orally) was started on the fourth day and continued for 56 days. In rats whose ulcer healed at the 90th day after production of ulcer, endoscopy was done every 30 days to examine recurrence of ulcer. Gastric specimens were obtained 10, 30, 60, 90, and 240 days after ulcer production for histology, to quantitate the height of regenerated mucosa, thickness of fibrous tissue, degree of polymorphonuclear cell infiltration, and PAS-positive cells. Cumulative ulcer recurrence rate was significantly higher in rats initially treated with indomethacin than in controls. Increased polymorphonuclear cell infiltration was the major histologic abnormality persisting after cessation of indomethacin. Ornoprostil reversed these abnormalities caused by indomethacin. In conclusion, the administration of indomethacin during the initial period of the ulcer healing promoted persistent polymorphonuclear cell infiltration and increased ulcer recurrence rates, possibly via a prostaglandin-dependent mechanism.

Alprostadil↗
PubMed1996

Anteroaxillary thoracotomy facilitates the use of retrograde cerebral perfusion in distal aortic arch reconstruction.

Anteroaxillary thoracotomy in a 45-degree position provides an ideal view of the distal aortic arch and also makes direct superior vena caval cannulation possible for retrograde cerebral perfusion. This approach is especially useful in cases in which retrograde cerebral perfusion is indicated as an adjunct to deep hypothermic circulatory arrest in repair of the distal aortic arch.

Aorta, Thoracic↗
PubMed1996

Proliferative activities in conventional chordoma: a clinicopathologic, DNA flow cytometric, and immunohistochemical analysis of 17 specimens with special reference to anaplastic chordoma showing a diffuse proliferation and nuclear atypia.

Chordoma shows various degrees of atypia histologically, however, the relationship between the histological features and the biological behavior still remains controversial. The authors subclassified 17 specimens with chordoma into two groups (ie, trabecular type showing a trabecular patterns and solid type mainly consisting of a diffuse proliferation of tumor cells). The histological grading was performed according to the degree of nuclear atypia on a scale of 1 to 3. Using DNA flow cytometric and immunohistochemical techniques, both the proliferative index (% S + G2 + M phase) and the MIB-1 labeling index (LI) of the tumor cells were estimated regarding their proliferative activities. In addition, p53 overexpression was also investigated using immunohistochemical techniques. There were eight (47.1%) specimens of trabecular type and nine (52.9%) of solid type. In nine specimens of solid type, those with higher nuclear atypia (grade 2 or 3) were significantly more frequent (five specimens, 55.6%) than in trabecular type in which all of the eight specimens were grade 1 (P = 0.44). The proliferative index was significantly higher in grade 2 or 3 lesions than in grade 1 lesions (P = .014), and the MIB-1 LI tended to be higher in solid type than in trabecular (P = .088). p53 overexpression was detected in two specimens of solid type, and the MIB-1 LI in these two specimens was significantly higher (P = .037) than that in the specimens without p53 overexpression. It was considered that the preceding anaplastic histological features, including either diffuse proliferation or high grade nuclear atypia, together with p53 overexpression, were thus closely related to the proliferative activities in chordomas.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Overexpression of bcl-2 protein in synovial sarcoma: a comparative study of other soft tissue spindle cell sarcomas and an additional analysis by fluorescence in situ hybridization.

The expression of bcl-2 protein was analyzed in 19 synovial sarcomas and 29 additional soft tissue spindle cell sarcomas as controls by the immunohistologic staining of paraffin-embedded specimens; 15 of 19 (79%) synovial sarcoma cases were positive, but all other spindle cell sarcomas were negative including 20 leiomyosarcomas, 4 malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors, and 4 fibrosarcomas. In 4 cases of bcl-2-positive synovial sarcoma (3 biphasic and 1 focally glandular type), bcl-2 protein staining was much stronger in the spindle cells than in the epithelial cells. A fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis with centromeric and whole chromosome painting probes for chromosome 18 and X was performed on 7 synovial sarcomas. The six cases of bcl-2-positive synovial sarcoma consisted of five cases with the t(X; 18) and one case with tetrasomy of chromosome 18 and X. It has been speculated that bcl-2 protein expression is caused by the 14; 18 translocation and other abnormalities of chromosome 18. This study thus showed the feasibility of such a correlation between bcl-2 protein expression and the characteristic cytogenetic abnormality in the synovial sarcoma-X; 18 translocation. In addition, bcl-2 protein also appears to be a characteristic marker of synovial sarcoma and is thus considered to be potentially useful in distinguishing synovial sarcoma from other spindle cell sarcomas.

Chromosomes, Human, Pair 18↗
PubMed1996

Eosinophil apoptosis caused by theophylline, glucocorticoids, and macrolides after stimulation with IL-5.

BACKGROUND: Glucocorticoids have long been used as the most potent drugs in the treatment of bronchial asthma. Data reported recently have led to the proposal that theophylline and macrolides have antiinflammatory effects. OBJECTIVE: We examined the abilities of theophylline, glucocorticoids, and macrolides to counteract the prolongation of eosinophil survival caused by IL-5. METHODS: Purified guinea pig eosinophils were cultured in the presence or absence of human IL-5 and with or without the aforementioned drugs at various concentrations. The percentage of cells alive after 3 days in culture was determined. RESULTS: Aminophylline (AM), methylprednisolone (MP), erythromycin (EM), and clarithromycin (CAM) suppressed the IL-5 induced prolongation of eosinophil survival in a dose-dependent manner. The effects of these drugs on eosinophil survival were significantly greater at low concentrations of IL-5 than at high concentrations of IL-5. When eosinophils were cultured in the presence of IL-5 (1 ng/ml) with physiologic concentrations of MP (10(-6) mol/L), AM (10(-4) mol/L), and either EM or CAM (both 10 micrograms/ml), the effect of IL-5 was almost completely abolished, and the morphologic changes in eosinophils observed by electron microscopy were consistent with apoptosis. DNA extracted from eosinophils cultured with IL-5 and each of the drugs was definitely fragmented. CONCLUSIONS: One mechanism of the effectiveness of these drugs is induction of eosinophil apoptosis. Some combination of these drugs may be useful in the treatment of bronchial asthma.

Aminophylline↗
PubMed1996

Eosinophil peroxidase stimulates the release of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor from bronchial epithelial cells.

BACKGROUND: Asthma is characterized by an accumulation of activated eosinophils in the airway. Eosinophil viability-enhancing activity is present in the sputum of patients with asthma, largely because of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF). Bronchial epithelial cells have been shown to release cytokines including GM-CSF when stimulated with IL-1 beta or tumor necrosis factor-alpha. OBJECTIVE: The study was designed to determine whether eosinophil peroxidase (EPO) stimulates the release of GM-CSF from bronchial epithelial cells. METHODS: Epithelial cells (BEAS-2B) were cultured in serum free HD-F12 medium in a 24-well tissue culture plate until they became confluent. The cells were then exposed to EPO (5.9 x 10(-8) to 5.9 x 10(-7) mol/L) for 15 minutes, washed twice, and cultured in 1 ml of HD-F12. The supernatants were harvested at 3, 6, or 24 hours, and GM-CSF concentration was measured by ELISA. BEAS-2B cells were also treated with a system comprising EPO (1.9 x 10(-9) to 5.9 x 10(-8) mol/L) + 10(-5) mol/L H2O2 + 10(-4) mol/L Br for 24 hours. RESULTS: The GM-CSF concentration in the supernatant pretreated with EPO increased in a time- and concentration-dependent manner compared with control. The release of GM-CSF was not inhibited by catalase but was inhibited by cyclohexamide and by mixing of EPO with heparin, suggesting that the action is due to the cationic property of EPO. When EPO was combined with H2O2 and Br, 5.9 x 10(-9) mol/L EPO + 10(-5) mol/L H2O2 released two times more GM-CSF into the supernatants compared with control. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that EPO stimulates epithelial cells to release GM-CSF and forms a self-stimulatory cycle.

Asthma↗
PubMed1996

Dense GABAergic input on somata of parvalbumin-immunoreactive GABAergic neurons in the hippocampus of the mouse.

GABAergic neurons in the hippocampus proper are greatly diverse in their morphological and physiological features. In the present study we examined whether or not they are also diverse regarding the density of GABAergic input on their somata. GABAergic neurons were immunocytochemically identified with antibodies against glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD), and the densities of GAD-immunoreactive (GAD-IR) boutons that abutted on GAD-IR somata were estimated by conventional light microscopic, combined light and electron microscopic, and confocal laser scanning microscopic analyses. GAD-IR somata were apparently diverse regarding the density of GABAergic input on them, and those surrounded by higher densities of GAD-IR boutons were distributed mainly in the strata pyramidale and oriens of the CA3 and CA1 regions and could be correlated to a parvalbumin (PV)-IR subpopulation of GABAergic neurons. Quantitative analysis clearly revealed the statistically significant difference between PV-positive and PV-negative GAD-IR neurons in the densities of their somatic GAD-IR boutons. Particularly, most of PV-IR neurons in the CA3 stratum pyramidale as well as some in other layers are characterized by an exceedingly high density of perisomatic GAD-IR boutons. Furthermore, the majority of GAD-IR boutons on PV-IR somata in the stratum pyramidale were also PV-IR. Bilateral transection of the fimbria-fornix, which was supposed to remove GABAergic afferents from the septum, had only partial effects on the densities of PV-IR boutons on PV-IR somata, indicating these PV-IR boutons mainly originated from intrinsic PV-IR neurons. These observations indicate the dense mutual connection between PV-IR GABAergic neurons through perisomatic synaptic contacts, particularly in the stratum pyramidale.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Comparison between allergen-induced and exercise-induced asthma with respect to the late asthmatic response, airway responsiveness, and Creola bodies in sputum.

BACKGROUND: The difference between allergen-induced asthma and exercise-induced asthma with respect to the late asthmatic response and airway responsiveness has not been well elucidated. OBJECTIVE: We compared the incidence of late asthmatic response, the changes in airway responsiveness, the degree of epithelial desquamation, and the activation of eosinophils in the airways after induction of allergen-induced asthma and exercise-induced asthma. METHODS: Allergen-induced asthma or exercise-induced asthma was provoked in asthmatic patients, and sputum was collected before challenge and at the immediate asthmatic response and the late asthmatic response. Clusters of columnar epithelial cells in sputum (Creola bodies) were detected to evaluate respiratory epithelial damage, and the sputum eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) concentration was measured to evaluate eosinophil activation in the airways. Airway responsiveness was measured before and 48 hours after the challenge. RESULTS: The maximal % fall in FEV1 with the late asthmatic response was significantly higher after induction of allergen-induced asthma than after exercise-induced asthma, even though the maximal % fall in FEV1 with the immediate asthmatic response was similar. Airway responsiveness increased significantly at 48 hours after allergen-induced asthma, while it did not change after exercise-induced asthma. The increase in airway responsiveness was not correlated with the maximal % fall in FEV1 with the late asthmatic response, but was correlated with the degree of epithelial damage evaluated by observation of Creola bodies. The sputum ECP concentration and the percentage of sputum eosinophils increased significantly with the late asthmatic response after allergen-induced asthma, but did not change after exercise-induced asthma. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that less airway inflammation was provoked by exercise-induced asthma resulting in less epithelial damage and no increase of airway responsiveness in contrast to allergen-induced asthma.

Acetylcholine↗
PubMed1996

Immunophenotyping of peripheral blood mononuclear cells collected by cytotoxic and cytotoxic/G-CSF mobilization.

We investigated surface immunophenotypes of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) collected by cytotoxic and cytotoxic/G-CSF mobilization of peripheral blood stem cells (PBSC) from 38 patients with haematological malignancies in complete remission who underwent consolidation chemotherapy. PBMC were collected by leucapheresis during the haematopoietic recovery phase after intensive chemotherapy. G-CSF was used for mobilization of PBSC in 19 cases. Surface immunophenotyping of frozen-thawed PBMC was performed by flow cytometry. Our findings showed that monocytes and T cells were the two major cell components of PBMC. There were very few B cells in PBMC. Expression of CD45RO and HLA-DR was elevated in lymphocytes, suggesting that T cells in PBMC were activated. The percentage of CD34 positive cells were significantly increased in PBMC collected by cytotoxic/G-CSF mobilization (group 1) compared with PBMC collected by cytotoxic mobilization (group 2). There were significantly higher percentages of CD14 and CD33 positive cells in group 1 than in group 2. The percentage of CD4 positive lymphocytes positive for HLA-DR was significantly higher in group 1 compared with group 2. These observations indicated that PBMC contained a large number of monocytes and activated T cells, especially in cytotoxic/G-CSF mobilization.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Diagnosis of borderline adenomas of the stomach by endoscopic mucosal resection.

BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS: The correct histological diagnosis of gastric borderline adenomas is often difficult, especially in excluding malignancy, since the usual diagnostic methods, such as radiography and histological examination of forceps biopsy specimens, are of limited accuracy. The aim of this study was to retrospectively analyze the value of endoscopic mucosal resection in establishing the correct diagnosis of borderline adenomas. RESULTS: Fourteen borderline adenomas were finally diagnosed as containing early gastric cancer type IIa (well-differentiated tubular adenocarcinoma) after endoscopic mucosal resection, of the remaining 36 tubular adenomas, six represented mild dysplasia, 24 moderate dysplasia, and six severe dysplasia. Most parts of the 14 adenomas containing early gastric cancers had regions of structural atypia, and cellular atypia was moderate in all. Seven of 14 cancers were completely resected, all patients being tumor-free after a follow-up of 33-61 months. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that diagnosing borderline adenoma on the basis of radiographic and endoscopic-bioptic findings is generally unreliable, because biopsy specimens may not be representative of the entire lesion. Borderline adenomas of the stomach should be completely resected by endoscopic mucosal resection to obtain a final diagnosis and - depending on the size and type of the lesion - possibly also definitive treatment.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1996

Rapid induction of more malignant tumors by various genotoxic carcinogens in transgenic mice harboring a human prototype c-Ha-ras gene than in control non-transgenic mice.

In this study, we investigated the carcinogenic response of transgenic mice carrying the human prototype c-Ha-ras gene, namely Tg rasH2/CB6F1 mice, to various genotoxic carcinogens and compared it with that of control non-transgenic CB6F1 mice (non-Tg mice). The present studies were conducted as the first step in the evaluation of the Tg rasH2/CB6F1 mouse as a model for the rapid carcinogenicity testing system. Short-term (< or = 6 months) rapid carcinogenicity tests of various genotoxic carcinogens, 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide, cyclophosphamide, N,N-diethylnitrosamine, N-methyl-N-nitrosourea, N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine and methylazoxymethanol, revealed that Tg rasH2/CB6F1 mice are more susceptible to these genotoxic carcinogens than control non-Tg mice. Tg rasH2/CB6F1 mice developed tumors more rapidly compared with non-Tg mice. Malignant tumors were observed only in the carcinogen-treated Tg rasH2/CB6F1 mice, but not in non-Tg mice treated with the same carcinogens. Each carcinogen induced tumors in corresponding target tissues of the Tg rasH2/CB6F1 mice. Only a very few lung adenomas but no other tumors were seen as spontaneous tumors during the 6 months of carcinogenicity tests. These results demonstrate that more rapid onset and higher incidence of more malignant tumors can be expected with high probability after treatment with various genotoxic carcinogens in the Tg rasH2/CB6F1 mice than in control non-Tg mice. The Tg rasH2/CB6F1 mouse seems to be a promising candidate as an animal model for the development of a rapid carcinogenicity testing system.

4-Nitroquinoline-1-oxide↗
PubMed1996

Case Report: amyopathic dermatomyositis associated with transformed malignant lymphoma.

Amyopathic dermatomyositis is a disease of unknown origin characterized by the specific skin lesions of dermatomyositis but without clinical or laboratory evidence of myopathy. During the past 15 years, a great controversy between the different reports concerning a possible association of dermatomyositis with malignancy has been noted. In this report, the authors describe a patient with amyopathic dermatomyositis who presented first with a benign hyperplasia of the lymph node, which finally transformed into frank malignant lymphoma. In addition to follow-up care, screening tests to search for occult malignancy in patients with amyopathic dermatomyositis (or dermatomyositis) are recommended.

Aged↗
PubMed1996

Shortened telomere length in hepatocellular carcinomas and corresponding background liver tissues of patients infected with hepatitis virus.

The telomere length in 20 surgically resected human hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs) and adjacent non-cancerous livers with hepatitis virus infection were investigated. All the HCC samples examined demonstrated shorter telomere length than the corresponding non-cancerous liver tissues, the respective average values being 5.4 kbp and 8.8 kbp (P < 0.001). The shortening of telomere length was most prominent in HCCs larger than 30 mm in diameter, and in both tumors and non-cancerous livers it was more marked with hepatitis B virus as compared with hepatitis C virus infection. These results indicate that telomere shortening is associated with not only progression, but also development of HCC, and there is a possible difference in the nature of the association in patients with hepatitis viruses of B and C types.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Biphasic intra-abdominal desmoplastic small cell tumor in a patient with proximal spinal muscular atrophy.

A case is reported of intra-abdominal desmoplastic small cell tumor (IDSCT) with biphasic histologic features in a patient with proximal spinal muscular atrophy. The tumor was composed of small epithelial cell nests with spindle cell sarcomatous areas. Both areas were surrounded by a desmoplastic stroma. Immunohistochemical studies revealed reactivity for low molecular weight cytokeratin, epithelial membrane antigen, vimentin, desmin and Leu-7 in both areas. Electron microscopic examination demonstrated paranuclear aggregates of intermediate filaments, zonula adherens and basement membrane-like material in the epithelial cells, while spindle cells in the tumor had fewer intracytoplasmic organelles. However, intermediate or transitional forms of both types of tumor cells were frequently observed. Although IDSCT are known to express multi-phenotypes immunohistochemically, attention should be paid to the broad spectrum of cell morphology in these tumors.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Both acute phase and constitutive serum amyloid A are present in atherosclerotic lesions.

The polymorphic protein, serum amyloid A (SAA), consists of acute phase isotypes and a constitutive isotype. Both are associated mostly with high density lipoproteins (HDL) in the circulation. In the present study, both SAA isotypes were detected by immunohistochemistry and immunoblotting using monoclonal antibodies in atherosclerotic lesions. As the distribution of SAA was identical with that of apolipoprotein B and SAA is known to be associated also with low density lipoproteins (LDL), SAA may also be delivered to the artery wall by LDL.

Aged↗