Extremely non-planar phthalocyanines with saddle or helical conformation: synthesis and structural characterizations.
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Journal Article↗
Biomedical subjects
T Fukuda
Publications and source records attributed to T Fukuda.
Polymerization of bisphenol A by purified laccase from Trametes villosa.
The metabolism of bisphenol A (BPA), an endocrine-disrupting chemical, was studied with a highly purified laccase from the basidiomycete Trametes villosa. The enzyme reaction products ranged widely from water-insoluble to -soluble compounds, one of which was previously identified as 4-isopropenylphenol. (1)H NMR and electron-impact mass spectrum analyses showed that one of the insoluble products was a BPA dimer, 5,5'-bis-[1-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-1-methyl-ethyl]-biphenyl-2,2'-diol. Field-desorption mass spectrum analysis revealed BPA oligomers, some of which contained phenol, within the insoluble fraction. These results indicate that the laccase reaction may contain successive BPA polymerization, followed by either the addition of phenol to the formed oligomers or their decomposition to release 4-isopropenylphenol.
Benzhydryl Compounds↗
Production of (4)(double Lambda)H hypernuclei.
An experiment demonstrating the production of double-Lambda hypernuclei in (K(-),K(+)) reactions on (9)Be was carried out at the D6 line in the BNL alternating-gradient synchrotron. The technique was the observation of pions produced in sequential mesonic weak decay, each pion associated with one unit of strangeness change. The results indicate the production of a significant number of the double hypernucleus (4)(double Lambda)H and the twin hypernuclei (4)(Lambda)H and (3)(Lambda)H. The relevant decay chains are discussed and a simple model of the production mechanism is presented. An implication of this experiment is that the existence of an S = -2 dibaryon more than a few MeV below the double Lambda mass is unlikely.
Journal Article↗
Expression of glucose transporter-1 in human gastric carcinoma: association with tumor aggressiveness, metastasis, and patient survival.
BACKGROUND: Malignant cells show increased glucose uptake in vitro and in vivo, which is believed to be facilitated by glucose transporters (Gluts). Expression of Glut1, one of the Gluts, has been described in malignancies of the esophagus, colon, pancreas, lung, and brain, but to the authors' knowledge the significance of Glut1 expression in human gastric carcinoma has not been elucidated. The objective of the current study was to examine the expression and distribution of Glut1 and its relation to clinicopathologic parameters in patients with gastric carcinoma. METHODS: Immunohistochemistry with anti-Glut1 antibody was performed on 617 gastric carcinomas and 50 tubular adenomas of the stomach. Glut1-positive and Glut1-negative carcinomas were analyzed for their clinicopathologic characteristics including histologic subtype, depth of invasion, vascular permeation, lymph node and hepatic metastasis, peritoneal dissemination, and prognosis. RESULTS: None of the adenomas expressed Glut1, whereas 182 of 617 carcinomas (29.5%) were positive for the protein. Signet ring cell carcinoma and mucinous adenocarcinoma rarely were positive (2.0% and 6.3%, respectively) and papillary adenocarcinoma (44%) showed slightly higher positivity for Glut1 than tubular (32%) or poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma (28%). Glut1-positive tumor cells were localized mainly in the central part of tumor nests with or without peripheral distribution (92%) but peripheral distribution alone was very limited (8%) (P = 0.0001). Glut1 positivity was associated with depth of invasion (P = 0.0001), lymphatic permeation (P = 0.0001), venous invasion (P = 0.0001), lymph node metastasis (P = 0.0001), hepatic metastasis (P = 0.0001), and carcinoma stage (P = 0.0001). However, peritoneal dissemination was not found to be associated with Glut1 positivity (P = 0.0833). The survival of patients who had tumors that expressed Glut1 was significantly shorter than that of patients with Glut1-negative tumors (P = 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: In human gastric carcinoma, Glut1 is expressed late in carcinogesis and increases with disease progression. Glut1 expression is associated with tumor aggressiveness and patient survival.
Adult↗
Quasisteady high-confinement reversed shear plasma with large bootstrap current fraction under full noninductive current drive condition in JT-60U.
A quasisteady reversed shear plasma with a large bootstrap current fraction ( approximately 80%) has been obtained for the first time in the JT-60U tokamak. The shrinkage of reversed shear region was suppressed by the bootstrap current peaked at the internal transport barrier (ITB) layer and the ITBs at a large radius were sustained, which, by combination with an H-mode edge pedestal, resulted in a high confinement or 2.2 times the H-mode scaling for 6 times energy confinement time or 2.7 s. Furthermore, a full noninductive current drive was obtained by the bootstrap current and the beam driven current.
Journal Article↗
Specific recognition of cytosolic thymidine kinase in the human lung tumor by monoclonal antibodies raised against recombinant human thymidine kinase.
Anti-TK monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) were raised against recombinant human cytosolic thymidine kinase (rhTK) and characterized by Western immunoblotting, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and immunostaining of tumor cells. Twenty-three clones of TK mAbs were characterized to recognize specifically not only rhTK produced by Escherichia coli but also TK subunit of 25 kDa in human lung cancer. The anti-TK mAbs reacted specifically with cytosolic TK but not with mitochondrial TK. Only one clone of the mAbs inhibited the catalytic activity of TK. By solid phase sandwich enzyme immunoassay using these mAbs, we could quantitate the cytosolic TK content in tissues. Immunohistochemical staining analysis using one of the TK mAbs showed that human lung adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma exhibited much higher staining intensity than stromal cells. These mAbs are useful for biochemical studies on the regulation of human TK in proliferating cells such as tumor cells and for diagnosis of highly proliferating tumors.
Adenocarcinoma↗
Degradation of bisphenol A by purified laccase from Trametes villosa.
Degradation of bisphenol A (BPA), an endocrine-disrupting chemical, was studied with a purified laccase from the basidiomycete Trametes villosa. SDS--polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the purified laccase gave one single band with a mobility corresponding to MW 65 kDa. The absorption spectrum showed the characteristics of a blue copper protein with a maximum peak at 600 nm. HPLC analysis revealed that 2.2 micromol BPA were degraded by incubation with 1.5 units of the purified laccase in a total volume of 1.0 ml at pH 6.0 and 60 degrees C for 3 h. The enzyme reaction proceeded rapidly without requirement of mediators for the electron transfer. Isolation and identification of several reaction products are in progress, in which one product was identified as 4-isopropenylphenol by a gas chromatography--mass spectrophotometer.
Benzhydryl Compounds↗
Expression of p53 protein related to smoking and alcoholic beverage drinking habits in patients with esophageal cancers.
In esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), we used immunohistochemical analysis to further elucidate the correlation of p53 protein expression with clinicopathological factors, as well as with risk factors, such as tobacco smoking, alcohol consumption and a family history of cancer, using odds ratios (ORs). The expression of p53 protein was demonstrated in 55.1% of 89 esophageal SCC cases examined by immunohistochemistry. The expression of p53 protein did not correlate with gender, age, histological grading, lymph node metastasis, or TNM stage. The prevalence of p53 expression was significantly higher in patients with multiple primary esophageal cancers (P<0.05). p53 expression did not correlate with prognosis in univariate survival analysis. The esophageal SCC in either smokers or alcohol users was 4.67-5.83 times more likely to express p53 protein, while the likelihood of p53 expression in patients who use both tobacco and alcohol was more than 14.0 times. However, a significant association was not found between p53 expression and a family history of cancer, this having an OR as low as 1.85. The expression of p53 protein did not correlate with clinicopathological factors and prognosis in univariate and multivariate survival analyses. In contrast, tobacco smoking and alcohol consumption were shown to be strongly associated with p53 mutations in esophageal carcinogenesis.
Adult↗
Observation of spin-orbit splitting in lambda single-particle states.
The spin-orbit splitting of Lambda single-particle states in (13)(Lambda)C was measured. The 13C(K-,pi(-))(13)(Lambda)C reaction was used to excite both the 1/2(-) and 3/2(-) states simultaneously, which have predominantly 12C(0(+)) x p(Lambda) configuration. gamma rays from the states to the ground state were measured in coincidence with the pi(-)'s, by which ls splitting was found to be 152+/-54(stat)+/-36(syst) keV. The value is 20-30 times smaller than exhibited by the ls splitting in the nuclear shell model. This value gives us new insight into the YN interaction.
Journal Article↗
Cloning of cDNA encoding a soybean allergen, Gly m Bd 28K.
A cDNA clone encoding a soybean allergen, Gly m Bd 28K, has been isolated. The clone has a 1567-bp cDNA insert with a 1419-bp open reading frame and a 148-bp 3'-untranslated region, followed by a polyadenylation tail. The open reading frame was shown to encode a polypeptide composed of 473 amino acids. The chemically determined amino acid sequences of the peptides obtained from the allergen, including its N-terminal peptide, were shown to be contained in the N-terminal region of the amino acid sequence deduced from the cDNA, showing that the first half of the cDNA encodes the allergen with a preceding segment of 21 amino acids. The peptide fragment including the allergen was expressed as a fusion protein with glutathione S-transferase in Escherichia coli and immunoblotted with the sera of soybean-sensitive patients and the monoclonal antibody against the allergen. Furthermore, homology analyses demonstrate that the polypeptide for the cDNA exhibits high homology with the MP27/MP32 proteins in pumpkin seeds and the carrot globulin-like protein. This finding suggests that the polypeptide may consist of a 21-amino acid segment as a part of the signal peptide and the proprotein, which may be converted to two mature proteins, Gly m Bd 28K and a 23-kDa protein, during the development of soybean cotyledons.
Allergens↗
Measurement of the B(e2) of (7)(lambda)Li and shrinkage of the hypernuclear size.
We report on the first measurement of a hypernuclear gamma-transition probability. gamma rays emitted in the E2(5/2(+)-->1/2(+)) transition of (7)(Lambda)Li were detected by a large-acceptance germanium detector array (Hyperball), and the lifetime of the parent state ( 5/2(+)) was determined by the Doppler shift attenuation method. The obtained result, 5.8(+0.9)(-0.7)+/-0.7 ps, was then converted into the reduced transition probability [ B(E2)] to be B(E2;5/2(+)-->1/2(+)) = 3.6+/-0.5(+0.5)(-0.4) e(2) fm(4). Compared with the B(E2) of the corresponding E2(3(+)-->1(+)) transition in the 6Li nucleus, our result gives evidence that the size of the 6Li core in (7)(Lambda)Li is smaller than the 6Li nucleus in the free space.
Journal Article↗
Human biotin-containing subunit of 3-methylcrotonyl-CoA carboxylase gene (MCCA): cDNA sequence, genomic organization, localization to chromosomal band 3q27, and expression.
3-Methylcrotonyl-CoA carboxylase (MCCase; EC 6.4.1.4) is a mitochondrial biotin enzyme and plays an essential role in the catabolism of leucine and isovalerate in animals, bacterial species, and plants. MCCase consists of two subunits, those that are biotin-containing and non-biotin-containing. The genes responsible for these subunits have been isolated in soybean, Arabidopsis thaliana, and tomatoes, but not in mammals. In humans, MCCase deficiency has been thought to be a rare metabolic disease, but the number of patients with MCCase deficiency appears to be increasing with a wide range of clinical presentations, some that result in a lethal condition and others that are asymptomatic. In this report, we have isolated and carried out chromosomal mapping of the gene for the biotin-containing subunit (A subunit) of the human MCCase gene, MCCA. The cDNA predicts an open reading frame coding for a 725-amino-acid protein with mitochondrial signal peptide, biotin carboxylase, and biotin-carrier domains. The gene is composed of at least 19 exons and covers more than 70 kb of sequence on band q27 of chromosome 3. MCCA was abundantly expressed in mitochondria-rich organs, such as the heart, skeletal muscles, kidney, and liver. In exon 13, we observed a His/Pro polymorphism at codon 464 (an A to C transition at nucleotide position 1391 in the cDNA sequence). Then, we determined the DNA sequences of the 5' untranslated region and entire coding regions in two patients with MCCase deficiency, but no sequence substitution was detected, suggesting that the gene mutations might be in the non-biotin-containing subunit (B subunit) gene, MCCB, in these patients.
Amino Acid Sequence↗
[Pure red cell aplasia due to persistent human parvovirus B19 infection in healthy adult].
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Adult↗
Interleukin (IL)-4/IL-9 and exogenous IL-16 induce IL-16 production by BEAS-2B cells, a bronchial epithelial cell line.
Previous studies have suggested that bronchial epithelial cells may perpetuate airway inflammation. We have reported that the bronchial epithelial cell line BEAS-2B can produce interleukin (IL)-16, a potent chemoattractant for CD4+ T cells. IL-16 is thought to regulate airway inflammation in asthmatics. Recent studies showed that IL-4 induces inflammatory cytokines in bronchial epithelial cells and that IL-9 is a candidate gene for development of asthma. The present study demonstrated that BEAS-2B cells produced specifically IL-16 by synergistic effects of IL-4 + IL-16, or IL-9 + IL-16, and that the synthesized IL-16 induced migration of CD4+ T cells. This study is a first report indicating that IL-16 production may be maintained by an autocrine machinery by epithelial cell-derived IL-16 with IL-4 and IL-9 in asthma.
Bronchi↗
Neurogenic bladder in Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome and its response to 3,4-diaminopyridine.
Autonomic dysfunction, as well as neuromuscular involvement, is a common manifestation of Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome (LEMS). Dry mouth and impotence have been described as typical features of autonomic dysfunction, but neurogenic bladder is infrequent or subclinical in LEMS. We report a patient with neurogenic bladder secondary to LEMS whose condition responded to 3,4-diaminopyridine (3,4-DAP). In this patient's serum, results of repeated measurement with P/Q-type VGCC antibodies proved positive, but not with N-type VGCC and synaptotagmin antibodies. A review of the literature turned up a few patients with voiding dysfunction related to LEMS, but no urodynamic studies were done on these patients. Ours is the first case in which 3,4-DAP was efficacious in treating LEMS and neurogenic bladder. Responses of 3,4-DAP in urodynamic studies suggest that in this LEMS patient neurogenic bladder was caused by defective neurotransmission both in the autonomic detrusor and skeletal abdominal muscles.
4-Aminopyridine↗
Effects of nitric oxide on matrix metalloproteinase-2 production by rheumatoid synovial cells.
Nitric oxide (NO) is a multifunctional messenger molecule generated from L-arginine by a family of enzymes, including nitric oxide synthase (NOS). This study was performed to examine whether NO modulates the production of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), which degrade all components of extracellular matrix (ECM), in rheumatoid synovial cells. We investigated the effects of exogenously generated NO by a NO donor, S-nitroso-N-acetyl-DL-penicillamine (SNAP), on the MMPs production by rheumatoid synovial cells. Culture media conditioned by SNAP-treated synovial cells were examined by gelatin zymography and immunoblot analysis. Incubation of synovial cells with SNAP resulted in gelatinase A production in a dose-dependent fashion. Furthermore, RT-PCR analysis demonstrated that MMP-2 mRNA expression was induced in SNAP-treated synovial cells. In contrast, SNAP did not influence the production of TIMP-1 and TIMP-2, which preferentially inhibit MMP-2, by rheumatoid synovial cells. Our data indicate that NO could modulate MMP production by rheumatoid synovial cells and therefore contribute to ECM degradation of articular components in RA.
Arthritis, Rheumatoid↗
Alterations of the double-strand break repair gene MRE11 in cancer.
MRE11 plays a role in DNA double-strand break repair. Hypomorphic mutations of MRE11 have been demonstrated in ataxia-telangiectasia (AT)-like disorder. ATM mutations play a causal role in AT and have been demonstrated in lymphoid malignancies in patients without AT histories. By analogy with the relationship of ATM to lymphoid malignancies, it is probable that alterations of MRE11 are associated with tumor formation. We performed a mutation analysis of MRE11 in 159 unselected primary tumors. Three missense mutations at conserved positions were found in breast and lymphoid tumors. Additionally, an aberrant transcript without genomic mutation was found in a breast tumor. These findings suggest an occasional role for MRE11 alterations in the development of primary tumors.
Alternative Splicing↗
Regulation of GAP-43 protein and mRNA in nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons after the partial destruction of dopaminergic terminals with intrastriatal 6-hydroxydopamine.
Changes in the level of GAP-43 and its mRNA in nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons in an animal model of the presymptomatic period of Parkinson's disease were measured to find the characteristic features of GAP-43 in nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons. Since the dopaminergic neurons possess a relatively large amount of GAP-43 protein and mRNA, the dopaminergic neurons must be endowed with specific functions related to those of GAP-43. In this study, dopaminergic axon terminals were partially destroyed by intrastriatal 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA). Rats were decapitated 3, 14, and 56 days following treatment. Levels of GAP-43 and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) in the striatum were detected by immunoblotting and quantified. The number of GAP-43 mRNA-positive neurons and that of TH mRNA-positive neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) were detected by in situ hybridization using alkaline phosphatase (ALP)-labeled probes. Levels of GAP-43 in the striatum showed no significant alteration during the period of the experiment, although levels of TH were gradually restored. The number of GAP-43 mRNA-positive neurons as well as that of TH mRNA-positive neurons in the SNc decreased. These results suggests that dopaminergic neurons restore their axon terminals with little change in GAP-43, and that transcription and/or stability of GAP-43 mRNA in the dopaminergic neurons are susceptible to the toxin, although the dopaminergic neurons can maintain the translational product in the terminals. This feature may be related with a degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in Parkinson's disease.
Animals↗