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Biomedical subjects

T Fujiwara

Publications and source records attributed to T Fujiwara.

At least 1,099 records · Page 61Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Chemical synthesis of disaccharides of the specific phenolic glycolipid antigens from Mycobacterium leprae and of related sugars.

O-(3,6-Di-O-methyl-beta-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1----4)-2,3,-di-O-methyl-L -rhamnopyranose, which is the nonreducing disaccharide of the haptenic trisaccharide of the Mycobacterium leprae-specific, phenolic glycolipid I, O-(6-O-methyl-beta-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1----4)-2,3-di-O-methyl-L-rhamn opyranose, the nonreducing end of the specific, phenolic glycolipid III, and the nonhaptenic O-beta-(D-glucopyranosyl)-(1----4)-2,3-di-O-methyl-L-rhamnopyranose++ +, were synthesized in relatively good yield from 3-O-methyl-D-glucose, or D-glucose, and L-rhamnose via Koenigs-Knorr reactions. These disaccharides can be used as precursors in the synthesis of the trisaccharide unit of phenolic glycolipid I and of neoglycoconjugates suitable for the serodiagnosis of leprosy.

Antigens, Bacterial↗
PubMed1986

Comparison of macroscopic, postmortem, angiographic and two-dimensional echocardiographic findings of coronary aneurysms in children with Kawasaki disease.

To assess why the results of 2-dimensional echocardiography (2-D echo) for diagnosis of coronary aneurysm in patients with Kawasaki disease differed from those of cineangiography, the macroscopic, postmortem, angiographic and 2-D echocardiographic findings of 8 autopsied hearts of infants and children with Kawasaki disease were compared. Postmortem angiography and 2-D echo yielded similar results in aneurysms in which there was no thrombus, organization or marked thickening of the arterial wall. However, in aneurysms with complete or incomplete occlusion of the dilated cavity due to thrombi, organization or marked thickening of arterial wall, angiographic results reflected only the free cavity of the coronary aneurysm, but could not detect the original aneurysm. Two-dimensional echocardiography disclosed an echo-free space representing the original aneurysm, in which some materials, suggesting thrombi or organization, were found. However, it did not reveal whether the aneurysm was occlusive. This finding indicates that the discrepancies between the results of cineangiography and 2-D echo are attributable to the formation of large thrombi, organization or marked thickening of the arterial wall in the aneurysmal cavity. It is clinically important to know these limitations of angiography and 2-D echo.

Angiocardiography↗
PubMed1986

Proteolipid in bovine lung surfactant: its role in surfactant function.

The chemical and biophysical properties of the proteins in the lipid extracts of lung surfactant have not clearly been determined. These proteins were isolated from lung surfactant lipids by Sephadex LH-20 chromatography and purified with silicic acid chromatography followed by dialysis against organic solvents. The proteolipid thus obtained had a protein to phospholipid ratio of 3 to 1 (w/w). The proteolipid apoprotein had a nominal molecular weight of ca. 5 kDa. We evaluated the functional role of this proteolipid by combining it with proteolipid-depleted surfactant lipids or synthetic dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) and then measuring with a pulsating bubble surfactometer. The proteolipid and DPPC recombinant reproduced the surface activity of natural lung surfactant. We conclude that this 5 kDa proteolipid apoprotein is a functionally important constituent of lung surfactant.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1986

Conformational study of 13C-enriched fibroin in the solid state, using the cross polarization nuclear magnetic resonance method.

Silk fibroin with the alanyl carboxyl carbon enriched with 13C was obtained by giving a diet containing 13C-enriched alanine to the larvae of Bombyx mori and Antheraea pernyi at the fifth instar. Sericin-free fibroin fibers were prepared from cocoons, and gut was made from the liquid silk in the gland. The final 13C content was about 13%. Cross polarization/magic angle sample spinning spectra at 25 MHz and 75 MHz were measured for each sample at different orientations. Spectra were simulated using the principal values and orientations of the shielding tensor in the alanine crystal. The results indicate that the beta-structure of the fibroin may be a little more flattened than the typical pleated sheet beta-structure.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Combined capillary column gas chromatography/electron capture negative ion chemical ionization mass spectrometry of dihydropyridine calcium antagonists.

Several dihydropyridine calcium antagonists showed intense [M]-. ion peaks as the base peaks and a few fragment peaks in the electron capture negative ion chemical ionization mass spectra. The peak intensities of the [M]-. ion of these antagonists were about 100 times as high as those of the most abundant positive ion. The use of a capillary column connected directly to the ion source prevents the oxidation of these agents in the column and the transfer line. Furthermore, the presence of plasma extract decreases the oxidation of these agents in the injection port. The limits of sensitivity with this technique are 500 fg-5 pg on the column. Combined capillary column gas chromatography/electron capture negative ion chemical ionization mass spectrometry should be suitable for sensitive and specific assays of dihydropyridine calcium antagonists in biological fluids.

Body Fluids↗
PubMed1986

Assessment of radiotherapeutic effects on experimental tumors using 18F-2-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose.

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of tumor volume and radiotherapy on the uptake of 18F-2-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (18FDG). The tumor models used were mouse mammary carcinoma MM48, FM3A, and rat hepatoma AH109A. Results were expressed as an 18FDG uptake ratio. This was the ratio of irradiated tumor uptake of 18FDG to unirradiated tumor uptake. The total tumor uptake was expressed as 18FDG uptake ratio multiplied by relative tumor volume. Following 20 Gy irradiation of the radioresistant tumor (MM48), the 18FDG uptake ratio was found to be unchanged, whereas in radiosensitive tumors (FM3A) the 18FDG uptake ratio was 0.37, the relative tumor volume was 0.31, and the calculated total tumor uptake was 0.11 on the eighth day after irradiation. The total tumor uptake was lower than the relative tumor volume. AH109A began to regrow after ten Gy irradiation, accompanied by elevated uptake of 18FDG on the seventh day. These results suggest that the 18FDG uptake by tumor is a good marker of radiotherapeutic effects as well as relapses of cancers and is more sensitive than morphological methods.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Pathology of Kawasaki disease in the healed stage. Relationships between typical and atypical cases of Kawasaki disease.

To define the pathological features of Kawasaki disease (KD) in the healed stage (over 40 days of illness), 69 autopsied infants with clinically typical KD (25 in the healed stage and 38 in the acute stage) and atypical KD (four in the healed stage and two in the acute stage) were examined. In the medium-sized arteries with coronary aneurysm in KD, panvasculitis was evident in the acute stages, while scar formation was noted in the healed stage. Thrombi, marked intimal thickening, marked stenosis, and recanalization were seen in the coronary arteries. In KD without aneurysm, acute inflammation was localized in the intima and the perivascular area of the coronary arteries in the acute stages, but was absent in the healed stage. Although intimal thickening was noted, marked stenosis and thrombi were not evident in KD without aneurysm. In KD with and without aneurysm, acute angiitis in small arteries and micro-vessels and acute inflammation of various organs were noted in the acute stages, but disappeared in the healed stage. Fibrinoid necrosis of the artery was rare in the acute stages and was not noted in the healed stage. Atypical cases of KD showed the same pathological features as those in cases with clinically typical KD. The common cause of death in the healed stage was ischemic heart disease. Old myocardial infarction was noted in 80% of the cases, and acute myocardial infarction was seen in 35%. KD is an acute systemic inflammatory disease and KD without aneurysm is a disease with mild angiitis.

Autopsy↗
PubMed1986

Nucleotide sequence of the hag gene encoding flagellin of Escherichia coli.

We determined the DNA sequence of the hag gene of Escherichia coli K-12 and deduced the primary structure of the flagellin consisting of 497 amino acid residues. Comparison of the amino acid sequence with those of other bacterial flagellins revealed a high homology in the NH2- and COOH-terminal regions.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1986

A clinicopathologic study of patients with hemorrhagic myocardial infarction treated with selective coronary thrombolysis with urokinase.

Hemorrhagic acute myocardial infarction (AMI) was studied after selective intracoronary thrombolysis (SICT) in 30 patients undergoing autopsy. Urokinase, 240,000 to 1,200,000 U, was selectively injected into the infarct-related coronary artery at 2 to 9 hr (4 +/- 2 hr) after the onset of AMI. The infarct-related coronary artery showed complete occlusion in 21, 99% stenosis in eight, and 90% stenosis in one patient before SICT. After SICT, complete occlusion was seen in only five, 99% stenosis in 22, and 90% stenosis in three patients. Twenty-eight patients had transmural infarction and the other two had subendocardial infarction. Macroscopically and microscopically, the degree of hemorrhage was classified as no, slight, moderate, or marked bleeding and the hemorrhagic infarction was defined as moderate or marked diffuse bleeding in the infarct area. According to the interval from SICT to death, patients were also classified into stage I (early acute stage, 1 to 4 hr after SICT and 4 to 13 hr after the onset of AMI; n = 7), stage II (late acute stage, 9 hr to 11 days after SICT and 15 hr to 11 days after the onset of AMI; n = 18), or stage III (old infarction stage, over 17 days after AMI and SICT; n = 5). There were no significant differences with respect to the frequency of recanalization, the time from the onset of AMI to SICT, the dose of urokinase, or other clinical parameters among patients at the three stages. Only the hearts of patients in stage II showed hemorrhagic infarction, and it was found in 15 of 18 of these hearts.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Aged↗
PubMed1986

Synergistic effect of methotrexate and radiation on gliosarcoma in tissue culture and in rats.

In vitro and in vivo studies were performed on rat gliosarcoma cells (RT-9) to investigate the synergistic effect of methotrexate and radiation against malignant brain tumors. For in vitro study, RT-9 cells were cultured on microtiter plates and treated with methotrexate, radiation, or both. For in vivo study, the cells were implanted into the cerebrums of CD-Fischer rats, and intraperitoneal methotrexate, whole brain radiation, or both were given. Although synergistic suppression of cell growth with combined therapy was observed in the in vitro study, synergism was less clearly demonstrated in tumor-bearing rats because of systemic toxicity of the therapy.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Effects of new hypoglycemic agent 2-piperazinyl-4-methyl-amino-5-methylthieno [2,3-d]pyrimidine dihydrochloride hydrate.

The antidiabetic effects of 2-piperazinyl-4-methylamino-5-methylthieno [2,3-d]pyrimidine dihydrochloride hydrate (Compound-(I] were investigated in various animals and in various conditions. Compound-(I) is a new hypoglycemic agent structurally unrelated to sulfonylurea and biguanide. It produced dose dependent hypoglycemic effects (10-100 mg/kg) in rats and mice under fed, fasted and glucose tolerated states. However, it was ineffective in fasted guinea pigs even when given at 100 mg/kg. In normal fed rats and mice, hypoglycemic effects of Compound-(I) were estimated to be 3-19 times and 12-70 times more potent than tolbutamide and phenformin, respectively. Compound-(I) also produced hypoglycemic action in streptozocin diabetic rats and genetically diabetic KK mice. Especially, its hypoglycemic effect was observed at the dose as low as 3 mg/kg p.o. in KK mice. However, elevation of blood lactate was accompanied by lowering of blood glucose after oral administration of Compound-(I) in normal rats and mice and in streptozocin diabetic rats, while these effects were not observed in guinea pigs. In addition, plasma insulin significantly increased after administration of Compound-(I) in both normal and KK mice, while this increase in plasma insulin was not so prominent in fed rats. This elevation in plasma insulin might be produced by alpha 2-adrenergic antagonism at pancreatic B cell as Compound-(I) suppressed epinephrine induced hyperglycemia by elevating plasma insulin. In conclusion, Compound-(I) seems mainly to produce hypoglycemic action through extrapancreatic mechanism which increases blood lactate associated with anaerobic glycolysis or inhibition of gluconeogenesis. In addition, elevation of plasma insulin also might be responsible for hypoglycemic effects.

Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists↗
PubMed1986

Evaluation of human coronary blood flow with an 80 channel 20 MHz pulsed Doppler velocimeter and zero-cross and Fourier transform methods during cardiac surgery.

To evaluate local blood flow velocities accurately at many sampling points in small vessels, especially in human coronary arteries, we have developed an 80 channel 20 MHz pulsed Doppler velocimeter. Doppler signals from 80 channels are detected by a zero-cross method and a signal from an optional channel is analyzed by a fast-Fourier transform method, both in real time. Basic experiments using a model and animals have demonstrated the accuracy and utility of our method of measurement of blood flow velocity for both nondisturbed and disturbed flow. Velocity waveforms in a native coronary artery beyond a vein bypass graft insertion were measured during cardiac surgery. They showed a diastolic-predominant pattern with a small systolic component. During transient graft occlusion, the waveforms changed to a systolic-predominant pattern in a patient with severe stenosis and to a to-and-fro pattern in a patient with total occlusion. In a patient with severe aortic regurgitation, the coronary arterial velocity waveforms exhibited a systolic-predominant pattern with a broad velocity spectrum. After aortic valve replacement, however, a diastolic-predominant pattern with a narrow spectrum was observed.

Blood Flow Velocity↗